THE NATURE OF THE SUBSTANCES IN DIETARY FAT AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF PLASMA CHOLESTEROL IN HUMANS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge ◽  
W. F. Connell ◽  
G. A. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Subjects

Three dietary experiments have been performed in which 52, 48, and 38 male students and a few members of staff participated as experimental subjects. In the first experiment 52 subjects ingested for 8 days a diet in which butter provided 60% of calories. During the next 8 days subgroups were given rations supplemented with α-tocopherol or β-sitosterol, substances known to be present in corn oil in significant amounts. The α-tocopherol had no effect but the β-sitosterol caused a highly significant decrease in plasma cholesterol.The same conditions were used for the first 8 days of the second experiment in which 48 subjects participated. The subgroups were given diets in which 30% of calories were supplied by butter and 30% by various corn oil fractions obtained by vacuum distillation. All groups showed highly significant decreases in plasma cholesterol and there did not appear to be any effective fractionation of the plasma cholesterol depressant factor in the corn oil, although the largest drop was obtained in the case of the most volatile fraction derived from the corn oil. This preparation contained most of the unsaponihable material and had a slightly lower iodine number than the other fractions.In the third experiment, 38 subjects ingested for 8 days a diet providing 60% of calories from corn oil. Subgroups were transferred to diets supplying 40% of calories from butter fractions obtained by vacuum distillation. All groups showed highly significant increases, the greatest increase being noted in the case of the most volatile fraction, which contained most of the unsaponifiable material. It has been postulated that the potent plasma cholesterol elevating action of butterfat is at least partly dependent upon the presence of the unsaponifiable fraction. The identity of this factor and whether it acts alone or in conjunction with certain types of fatty acid residues are questions that remain to be answered.

THE NATURE OF THE SUBSTANCES IN DIETARY FAT AFFECTING THE LEVEL OF PLASMA CHOLESTEROL IN HUMANS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge ◽  
W. F. Connell ◽  
G. A. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Experimental Subjects

Three dietary experiments have been performed in which 52, 48, and 38 male students and a few members of staff participated as experimental subjects. In the first experiment 52 subjects ingested for 8 days a diet in which butter provided 60% of calories. During the next 8 days subgroups were given rations supplemented with α-tocopherol or β-sitosterol, substances known to be present in corn oil in significant amounts. The α-tocopherol had no effect but the β-sitosterol caused a highly significant decrease in plasma cholesterol.The same conditions were used for the first 8 days of the second experiment in which 48 subjects participated. The subgroups were given diets in which 30% of calories were supplied by butter and 30% by various corn oil fractions obtained by vacuum distillation. All groups showed highly significant decreases in plasma cholesterol and there did not appear to be any effective fractionation of the plasma cholesterol depressant factor in the corn oil, although the largest drop was obtained in the case of the most volatile fraction derived from the corn oil. This preparation contained most of the unsaponihable material and had a slightly lower iodine number than the other fractions.In the third experiment, 38 subjects ingested for 8 days a diet providing 60% of calories from corn oil. Subgroups were transferred to diets supplying 40% of calories from butter fractions obtained by vacuum distillation. All groups showed highly significant increases, the greatest increase being noted in the case of the most volatile fraction, which contained most of the unsaponifiable material. It has been postulated that the potent plasma cholesterol elevating action of butterfat is at least partly dependent upon the presence of the unsaponifiable fraction. The identity of this factor and whether it acts alone or in conjunction with certain types of fatty acid residues are questions that remain to be answered.

THE EFFECT OF THE TYPE AND AMOUNT OF DIETARY FAT ON THE LEVEL OF PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDES IN HUMAN SUBJECTS IN THE POSTABSORPTIVE STATE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. Beveridge ◽  
S. N. Jagannathan ◽  
W. Ford Connell
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Formula Diets ◽  
Male Subjects

Fifty-eight healthy university students consumed homogenized formula diets for 16 days, and plasma triglycerides were determined on samples of blood obtained from the subjects in the fasting state at days 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16. On a fat-free (high-carbohydrate) diet there was a sex difference in the response, with a group of 11 males showing a highly significant increase (over twofold) and a group of 14 females showing no significant change. No change was observed in 10 male subjects transferred from their free-choice diet to a formula diet providing 45% of calories from butterfat. However, in the case of a group of 23 men who consumed a diet similarly high in corn oil, a significant decrease occurred and the values observed were also significantly lower than those obtained on the butterfat ration. The usual responses of the plasma cholesterol to these diets were observed. Although a parallelism was observed between the behavior of the plasma triglycerides and plasma cholesterol on diets containing fat, there was a divergence on the fat-free diet, characterized by an increase in plasma triglycerides in the males and no change in the females, whereas the usual decrease in plasma cholesterol occurred in both sexes.

Influence of Style of Dress on Formation of First Impressions

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Satrapa ◽  
Marcia Burrattino Melhado ◽  
Margarida Maria Curado Coelho ◽  
Emma Otta ◽  
Ruben Taubemblatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Male Students ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
The Third

Within a university, students of various colleges dress differently. Our purpose was to verify the influence of style of dress on formation of first impressions. Subjects were 30 women of three colleges from a university in Sao Paulo. Subjects rated on a 7-point scale three photographs (without faces) of male students from each one of the three colleges. The first model dressed in a socially formal way, the second one in a socially informal way, and the third one sportively. The three models were rated comparably on intelligence and culture. The model who dressed in a socially formal way was considered less handsome, extroverted, sympathetic, charming, and attractive than the other two models. Subjects tended also to attribute to the first a rightist ideology. No interactions were found between subjects' and models' colleges.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Features of the course and treatment of glaucoma during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Brezhnev ◽  
I. R. Gazizova ◽  
A. V. Kuroyedov ◽  
A. V. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy ◽  
Eye Pressure

In the review we have integrated all up-to-date knowledge concerning clinical course and treatment of glaucoma among pregnant women to help specialists choose a proper policy of treatment for such a complicated group of patients. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease. It rarely occurs among childbearing aged women. Nevertheless the probability to manage pregnant patients having glaucoma has been recently increasing. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are no recommendations on how to treat glaucoma among pregnant women. As we know, eye pressure is progressively going down from the first to the third trimester, so we often have to correct hypotensive therapy. Besides, it is necessary to take into account the effect of applied medicines on mother health and evaluate possible teratogenic complications for a fetus. The only medicine against glaucoma which belongs to category B according to FDA classification is brimonidine. Medicines of the other groups should be prescribed with care. Laser treatment or surgery may also be a relevant decision when monitoring patients who are planning pregnancy or just bearing a child. Such treatment should be also accompanied by medicines.

The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-61
Author(s):  
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Dynastic ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Settlement Landscape ◽  
New Settlements

The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some important Egyptian settlements have emerged in the sources and begun their prosperity. Architectural remains as well as written sources indicate the growing interest of the state in the hierarchy of landscape elements and territorial structure of the country.

Avoiding Shame and Guilt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Daniel Batson
Keyword(s):  
Empathic Concern ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Helping Relationship ◽  
Shame And Guilt

After rejecting the remove–empathy hypothesis (Chapter 4), attention turned to the other two classic egoistic explanations for the motivation to help produced by empathic concern: empathy-specific punishment and empathy-specific reward. This chapter considers two kinds of empathy-specific punishment, shame and guilt. The shame hypothesis claims that we help more when we feel empathic concern because we’re motivated to avoid disapproval and censure from others. The guilt hypothesis says that we’re motivated to avoid self-condemnation for failing to do what we should. Contradicting the shame hypothesis, experiments revealed that even when no one else will know if participants fail to help, empathy still increased helping. Contradicting the guilt hypothesis, participants induced to feel empathy helped more even when provided a good excuse for not helping. Given that neither form of empathy-specific punishment could account for the empathy–helping relationship, our search shifted to the third classic egoistic explanation: pursuing pride.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Colm Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sexual Part ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

The introduction first sets out some preliminary definitions of sex, sexuality, and gender. It then turns from the sexual part of Sexual Identities to the identity part. A great deal of confusion results from failing to distinguish between identity in the sense of a category with which one identifies (categorial identity) and identity in the sense of a set of patterns that characterize one’s cognition, emotion, and behavior (practical identity). The second section gives a brief summary of this difference. The third and fourth sections sketch the relation of the book to social constructionism and queer theory, on the one hand, and evolutionary-cognitive approaches to sex, sexuality, and gender, on the other. The fifth section outlines the value of literature in not only illustrating, but advancing a research program in sex, sexuality, and gender identity. Finally, the introduction provides an overview of the chapters in this volume.

Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Medicine

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Correct Answer ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third

Maximise your exam success with this essential revision guide. The third edition of Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Medicine features over 550 Single Best Answer questions. Packed with questions written by practicing clinicians and educators, this revision tool is an authoritative guide on core clinical topics and professional themes. Each question is accompanied by extensive feedback which explains not only the rationale of the correct answer, but why the other options are incorrect. Further reading resources and cross-references to the Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine have been fully updated to expand your revision further. Progess to exam success with the third edition of Oxford Assess and Progress: Clinical Medicine.

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