ADIPSIA PRODUCED BY HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS IN THE RAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Montemurro ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Tuber Cinereum ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
General Improvement

With the use of the Horsley–Clarke stereotaxic instrument, bilateral electrolytic lesions were placed in the lateral hypothalamic areas of female Sprague–Dawley rats. Changes in food and water intake and body weight were correlated with the histological localization of the lesions. Rats with large lesions in the frontal plane of the middle of the tuber cinereum died within a week of the operation. Food and water administered by stomach tube did not prevent weight loss and death.Two rats developed adipsia which lasted 13 and 16 days respectively; 10 ml. of tap water per day by stomach tube resulted in increases in food intake and body weight during the period of adipsia. These rats had lesions in the lateral hypothalamic areas in the frontal plane of the middle of the tuber cinereum, but these were small and relatively asymmetrical.Another rat refused water from the time of operation until sacrifice (55 days). Administration of 20 ml. per day of tap water caused an increase in food intake and body weight, and a general improvement. Whenever intake of water was not imposed by stomach tube, however, the food intake dropped and body weight was lost. This animal failed to drink spontaneously. The lesions in this animal were more symmetrical, slightly more dorsal, and about 0.75 mm. more posterior than those which produced temporary adipsia. In the rat, an area essential to the regulation of voluntary consumption of water appears to be located in the lateral hypothalamic areas at about the plane of the posterior ventromedial nuclei and the anterior border of the premammillary nuclei.

ADIPSIA PRODUCED BY HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS IN THE RAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Montemurro ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Tuber Cinereum ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
General Improvement

With the use of the Horsley–Clarke stereotaxic instrument, bilateral electrolytic lesions were placed in the lateral hypothalamic areas of female Sprague–Dawley rats. Changes in food and water intake and body weight were correlated with the histological localization of the lesions. Rats with large lesions in the frontal plane of the middle of the tuber cinereum died within a week of the operation. Food and water administered by stomach tube did not prevent weight loss and death.Two rats developed adipsia which lasted 13 and 16 days respectively; 10 ml. of tap water per day by stomach tube resulted in increases in food intake and body weight during the period of adipsia. These rats had lesions in the lateral hypothalamic areas in the frontal plane of the middle of the tuber cinereum, but these were small and relatively asymmetrical.Another rat refused water from the time of operation until sacrifice (55 days). Administration of 20 ml. per day of tap water caused an increase in food intake and body weight, and a general improvement. Whenever intake of water was not imposed by stomach tube, however, the food intake dropped and body weight was lost. This animal failed to drink spontaneously. The lesions in this animal were more symmetrical, slightly more dorsal, and about 0.75 mm. more posterior than those which produced temporary adipsia. In the rat, an area essential to the regulation of voluntary consumption of water appears to be located in the lateral hypothalamic areas at about the plane of the posterior ventromedial nuclei and the anterior border of the premammillary nuclei.

Protein appetite is increased after central leptin-induced fat depletion

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. R1468-R1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Wiater ◽  
Bryan D. Hudson ◽  
Yvette Virgin ◽  
Sue Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Macronutrient Selection ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Nadir Point ◽  
And Control

Leptin reduces body fat selectively, sparing body protein. Accordingly, during chronic leptin administration, food intake is suppressed, and body weight is reduced until body fat is depleted. Body weight then stabilizes at this fat-depleted nadir, while food intake returns to normal caloric levels, presumably in defense of energy and nutritional homeostasis. This model of leptin treatment offers the opportunity to examine controls of food intake that are independent of leptin's actions, and provides a window for examining the nature of feeding controls in a “fatless” animal. Here we evaluate macronutrient selection during this fat-depleted phase of leptin treatment. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on standard pelleted rodent chow and given daily lateral ventricular injections of leptin or vehicle solution until body weight reached the nadir point and food intake returned to normal levels. Injections were then continued for 8 days, during which rats self-selected their daily diet from separate sources of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Macronutrient choice differed profoundly in leptin and control rats. Leptin rats exhibited a dramatic increase in protein intake, whereas controls exhibited a strong carbohydrate preference. Fat intake did not differ between groups at any time during the 8-day test. Despite these dramatic differences in macronutrient selection, total daily caloric intake did not differ between groups except on day 2. Thus controls of food intake related to ongoing metabolic and nutritional requirements may supersede the negative feedback signals related to body fat stores.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTI-OBESITY EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MUCUNA PRURIENS SEEDS ON RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Javid Mansuri ◽  
Archana Paranjape
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Brain Dopamine ◽  
Standard Drug

Objective: Evaluation of the anti-obesity effect of aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds on rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk. L-DOPA (12.5 mg/kg, p. o.) as standard drug and aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens (AEMP) seeds (200 mg/kg, p. o. and 400 mg/kg, p. o.) as test drugs were administered in last 4 wk along with HFD. Body weight, food intake, body mass index (BMI), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were measured at the end of fourth, eighth and twelfth wk, while white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and brain dopamine levels were measured at the end of the twelfth wk.Results: AEMP (200 mg/kg, p. o.) and (400 mg/kg, p. o.) treated groups showed a significant decrease in food intake and weight gain without altering BMI. Moreover, TG levels were lower in treated groups as compared to the HFD group, but no significant changes were observed in TC and HDL levels. L-DOPA-treated group showed a significant decrease in body weight, food intake, BMI and WAT. Both AEMP and L-DOPA-treated groups showed an increase in brain dopamine levels as compared to disease control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: L-DOPA and AEMP showed anti-obesity activity by reducing body weight gains, food intake and WAT weights; modulating TG with increased brain dopamine level which correlates to the inhibitory action of dopamine on reward mechanism. 

scholarly journals Effect of fish paste products, fish balls ‘tsumire’, intake in Sprague–Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Kadokura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tomita ◽  
Kohei Suruga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract The fish paste product, fish balls ‘tsumire’, is a traditional type of Japanese food made from minced fish as well as imitation crab, kamaboko and hanpen. Although tsumire is known as a high-protein and low-fat food, there is a lack of scientific evidence on its health benefits. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of tsumire intake on organ weight and biomarker levels in Sprague–Dawley rats for 84 d as a preliminary study. Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: group I, fed normal diets, and group II, fed normal diets with 5 % dried tsumire. Throughout the administration period, we monitored their body weight and food intake; at the end of this period, we measured their organ weight and analysed their blood biochemistry. No significant differences were observed with respect to body weight, food intake, organ weight and many biochemical parameters between the two groups. It was found that inorganic phosphorus and glucose levels were higher in group II rats than in group I rats. On the other hand, sodium, calcium, amylase and cholinesterase levels were significantly lower in group II than in group I. Interestingly, we found that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase in group II were significantly lower than in group I, and that other liver function parameters of group II tended to be lower than in group I. In conclusion, we consider that the Japanese traditional food, ‘tsumire,’ may be effective as a functional food for human health management worldwide.

Bimatoprost promotes satiety and attenuates body weight in rats fed standard or obesity-promoting diets.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Spada ◽  
Chau Vu ◽  
Iona Raymond ◽  
Warren Tong ◽  
Chia-Lin Chuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Gut Hormone

Abstract Background Bimatoprost negatively regulates adipogenesis in vitro and likely participates in a negative feedback loop on anandamide-induced adipogenesis. Here, we investigate the broader metabolic effects of bimatoprost action in vivo in rats under both normal state and obesity-inducing conditions. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were a fed standard chow (SC) diet in conjunction with dermally applied bimatoprost treatment for a period of 9–10 weeks. Body weight gain, energy expenditure, food intake, and hormones associated with satiety were measured. Gastric emptying was also separately evaluated. In obesity-promoting diet studies, rats were fed a cafeteria diet (CAF) and gross weight, fat accumulation in SQ, visceral fat and liver was evaluated together with standard serum chemistry. Results Chronic bimatoprost administration attenuated weight gain in rats fed either standard or obesity-promoting diets over a 9–10 weeks. Bimatoprost increased satiety as measured by decreased food intake, gastric emptying and circulating gut hormone levels. Additionally, SQ and visceral fat mass was distinctly affected by treatment. Bimatoprost increased satiety as measured by decreased food intake, gastric emptying and circulating gut hormone levels. Conclusions These findings suggest that bimatoprost (and possibly prostamide F2α) regulates energy homeostasis through actions on dietary intake. These actions likely counteract the metabolic actions of anandamide through the endocannabinoid system potentially revealing a new pathway that could be exploited for therapeutic development.

scholarly journals Detoxification of a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas using heat and chemical treatments, and preliminary nutritional evaluation with rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Aregheore ◽  
K. Becker ◽  
H.P.S. Makkar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Diet Control

Seeds from a toxic variety of Jatropha curcas (Capo Verde, Nicaragua) were processed, defatted and ground to obtain the meal. The meal was subjected to heat and 14 different chemical treatments to detoxify the meal of lectin and phorbolesters. Heat treatment inactivated lectin, but not phorbolester. One of the treatments reduced phorbolesters to a tolerable level of 0.09 mg/g. The treated meals with other ingredients were used in diets to assess acceptance and nutritive value of detoxified Jatropha curcas meal in two experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 had twelve (12) male weanling rats each, Sprague Dawley strain, 28-30 days old, pre-experimental average body weights of 8379±7.2 and 84.6±6.4 g, respectively. They were divided into three groups according to body weight and fed casein diet (control) and two diets in which Jatropha curcas was the protein source. In experiment 1, the rats accepted diet 1, but did not fully accept diet 2. Food intake, growth rate, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and food transformation index (T1) were significantly better (P<0.05) in diet 1 than in the casein and diet 2. In experiment 2, casein diet was better (P<0.05) in food intake, growth rate, PER and TI than diets 1 and 2. Food intake with Jatropha meal was significantly reduced and the rats had drastic body weight loss (P<0.05) and this might be due to the presence of phorbolesters in the diets. Generally, the presence of phorbolesters in food has significant effect on its acceptance. Jatropha meal obtained from treatment 3 had a crude protein (CP) content of 68%, far higher than the CP content of most oilseed meals (soyabean). This treatment seems a better method of detoxifying Jatropha curcas meal for livestock but in economic terms it is expensive to produce a meal from it.

scholarly journals Intermittent Hypoxia Exposure Can Prevent Reductions in Hemoglobin Concentration After Intense Exercise Training in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiquan Weng ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Qun Yu ◽  
Guoqing Xu ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Hypoxia Exposure ◽  
Low Concentrations

Intense exercise training can induce low concentrations of hemoglobin, which may be followed by maladaptation. Therefore, it is important for athletes to prevent low concentrations of hemoglobin during intense exercise training. In this study, we explored whether different protocols of intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE, normobaric hypoxia, 14.5% O2) could prevent the exercise training-induced reduction in hemoglobin concentration in rats. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to progressive intense treadmill exercise training over three weeks followed by three weeks of training with IHE after exercise. IHE lasted either 1 h, 2 h, or 1 h + 1 h (separated by a 3-h interval) after the exercise sessions. Hematological parameters, including hemoglobin concentration [(Hb)], red blood cells (RBCs), and hematocrit (Hct), and both renal and serum erythropoietin (EPO) were examined. We found that intense exercise training significantly reduced [Hb], RBCs, Hct, food intake and body weight (P &lt; 0.01). Analysis of reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) and reticulocyte counts in the serum of the rats suggested that this reduction was not due to iron deficiency or other cofounding factors. The addition of IHE after the intense exercise training sessions significantly alleviated the reduction in [Hb], RBCs, and Hct (P &lt; 0.05) without an obvious impact on either food intake or body weight (P &gt; 0.05). Increase in reticulocyte count in the rats from the IHE groups (P &lt; 0.05 or P &lt; 0.01) suggests that IHE promotes erythropoiesis to increase the hemoglobin concentration. Furthermore, the addition of IHE after the intense exercise training sessions also significantly increased the concentration of renal EPO (P &lt; 0.05), although the increase of the serum EPO level was statistically insignificant (P &gt; 0.05). The different IHE protocols were similarly effective at increasing renal EPO and preventing the training-induced decreases in [Hb], RBCs, and Hct. Collectively, this study suggests that IHE may be used as a new strategy to prevent intense exercise training-induced reductions in [Hb], and deserves future exploration in athletes.

Postnatal intracerebroventricular exposure to neuropeptide Y causes weight loss in female adult rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. R1560-R1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Varma ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Lisa Weissfeld ◽  
Sherin U. Devaskar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Arcuate Nuclei

We investigated the effect of repetitive postnatal (2–7 days) intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on food intake and body weight gain in the 3- to 120-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. NPY caused a 32% transient increase in body weight gain with elevated circulating insulin concentrations within 24 h. This early intervention led to the persistence of hyperinsulinemia and relative hyperleptinemia with euglycemia in the 120-day-old female alone. This perturbation was associated with 50% suppression in adult female hypothalamic NPY concentrations and a 50–85% decline in NPY immunoreactivity in the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei. This change was paralleled by a ∼20% decline in food intake and body weight gain at 60 and 120 days. However, when exogenous NPY was stereotaxically reinjected into the paraventricular nucleus of the ∼120-day-old adult females who were pretreated with NPY postnatally, an increase in food intake and body weight gain was noted, attesting to no disruption in the NPY end-organ responsivity. We conclude that postnatal intracerebroventricular NPY has long-lasting effects that predetermine the resultant adult phenotype in a sex-specific manner.

SOME DIETARY AND HORMONAL EFFECTS ON MATERNAL, FOETAL AND PLACENTAL WEIGHTS IN THE RAT

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSA M. CAMPBELL ◽  
I. R. INNES ◽  
H. W. KOSTERLITZ
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Definite Correlation

1. A negative correlation was found between the mean weight of an individual placenta and the number in a litter. Within the range examined and with the methods employed, no definite correlation between the mean weight of an individual foetus and litter size was established. 2. Reduction of the food intake to one-half or one-third during the last 6 days of pregnancy did not result in a decrease in the number and weight of foetuses and placentae. This was apparently brought about by drawing on the maternal reserves laid down during the first 14 days of pregnancy. Absence of protein from the diet during the last 6 days resulted in a very moderate decrease in foetal and placental weights. 3. Absence of the maternal adrenals or pituitary had no influence on foetal and placental weights. The decrease in maternal body weight after hypophysectomy was solely due to loss of appetite and could be prevented by giving the rats adequate amounts of food by stomach tube. 4. The increase in body weight during the first 14 days of pregnancy was maintained after removal of the foetuses as long as the placentae survived. The placentae also had a favourable effect on the maternal body weight in the absence of the foetuses, when the ovaries or adrenals or the pituitary or the pituitary and ovaries were removed, but not when both ovaries and adrenals were absent. The placental factor responsible for this effect appears to act through the ovaries or adrenals. 5. The increase in the weight of the ovaries during pregnancy was not affected by removal of the foetuses, foetuses and pituitary, or foetuses and adrenals. The adrenals of pregnant hypophysectomized rats were not heavier than those of non-pregnant hypophysectomized rats.

scholarly journals Long Term Exendin-4 Treatment Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight and Alters Expression of Brain Homeostatic and Reward Markers

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (9) ◽  
pp. 3473-3483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
Alexander A. Moghadam ◽  
Zachary A. Cordner ◽  
Nu-Chu Liang ◽  
Timothy H. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Rebound Increase ◽  
Agouti Gene

Abstract Repeated administration of the long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist exendin-4 (EX-4) has been shown to reduce food intake and body weight and do so without a rebound increase in food intake after treatment termination. The current study examines the neural mechanisms underlying these actions. After 6 weeks of maintenance on a standard chow or a high-fat (HF) diet, male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with EX-4 (3.2 μg/kg, ip, twice a day) or vehicle for 9 consecutive days. Food intake and body weight (BW) were monitored daily. Expression of the genes for the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) peptides proopiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti gene-related protein was determined. Expression of the dopamine precursor tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene in the ventral tegmental area and genes for dopamine receptors 1 (D1R) and dopamine receptor 2 in the nucleus accumbens were also determined. Pair-fed groups were included to control for the effects of reduced food intake and BW. Treatment with EX-4 significantly decreased food intake and BW over the 9-day period in both the standard chow and HF groups. HF feeding decreased POMC without changing NPY/agouti gene-related protein gene expression in the ARC. Treatment with EX-4 increased POMC and decreased NPY expression independent of the reduction of food intake and BW. Mesolimbic TH and D1R gene expression were decreased significantly in chronic HF diet-fed rats, and these changes were reversed in both EX-4 and pair-fed conditions. These results suggest a role for increased POMC and decreased NPY expression in the ARC in the effects of EX-4 on food intake and BW. Our findings also suggest that EX-4 induced the recovery of mesolimbic TH and D1R expression in HF diet-fed rats may be secondary to HF intake reduction and/or weight loss.

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