RESIDUAL AIR DETERMINATION

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-886
Author(s):  
John C. Kovach ◽  
Earl Baker ◽  
Hamid Etebar
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Residual Air ◽  
Nitrogen Sample

A simple method is presented of revealing and calculating any "switch-over" error in the determination of the residual lung volume. Our method is shown of avoiding the possibility of error in the alveolar nitrogen sample caused by the creation of a negative pressure in a patient with a low expiratory capacity. Through the use of tables a simplified method of accurately calculating residual volumes is presented.

RESIDUAL AIR DETERMINATION

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 883-886
Author(s):  
John C. Kovach ◽  
Earl Baker ◽  
Hamid Etebar
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Residual Air ◽  
Nitrogen Sample

A simple method is presented of revealing and calculating any "switch-over" error in the determination of the residual lung volume. Our method is shown of avoiding the possibility of error in the alveolar nitrogen sample caused by the creation of a negative pressure in a patient with a low expiratory capacity. Through the use of tables a simplified method of accurately calculating residual volumes is presented.

A Practical Technique for Tympanocentesis for Culturing Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-627
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Medical Indications ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Tympanocentesis is a method frequently used to aspirate middle ear fluid from infected ears. There are some medical indications to perform tympanocentesis in certain clinical settings.1 This procedure could be beneficial in some patients in which determination of the etiology of the acute otitis media and relieving the pain and acute symptoms is of importance. The instrument frequently used by otolaryngologists is the Senturia ear specimen collector (Storz Instrument Company, St Louis) which operates by controlled suctioning using an external negative pressure. A simplified method for performing myringotomy and tumpanocentesis2 that avoids the use of complicated equipment and prevents contamination of the specimen is presented here.

scholarly journals Determination of lung volume: a simple constant volume modification of Christie’s method

1939 ◽  
Vol 126 (845) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Forced Expiration ◽  
Total Lung Volume ◽  
Underlying Principle ◽  
Gas Dilution ◽  
Residual Air ◽  
Source Of Error

The total lung volume consists of the vital capacity plus the residual air. Since the vital capacity may be measured directly, determination of the total lung volume depends on the measurement of the residual air. Alternatively, the functional residual air may be measured and the figure added to the complemental air (terminology of Christie 1932). As the volume of reserve air expelled from the lungs in untrained subjects is liable to fortuitous variations, calculations of the residual air based on gas dilution at the end of a forced expiration are open to considerable error; for the same reason, determinations of the functional residual air at the end of an ordinary expiration may be inaccurate. Van Slyke and Binger (1923) and Christie (1932) have shown that this source of error may be avoided by taking graphic spirometer records of respiration during the period of mixing. Since the dilution of the lung gases is achieved by ordinary quiet respiration, this method requires no special respiratory efforts and is thus eminently suitable for clinical investigation. Determination of lung volume by Christie’s method, the underlying principle of which is exceedingly simple, involves only the recording of an ordinary spirometer tracing and the analysis of the oxygen and nitrogen content of the spirometer gas at the end of a period of rebreathing. The essence of the method is as follows:

Development of a simple method for the determination of single nucleotide polymorphisms

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S75-S75
Author(s):  
Weifeng Zhu ◽  
Zhuoqi Liu ◽  
Daya Luo ◽  
Xinyao Wu ◽  
Fusheng Wan
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Single Nucleotide

A Standard Primary Toxicity Bioassay Using Daphnia Magna as a Test Species

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Behie ◽  
J.E. Zajic ◽  
D. Berk ◽  
R.J.P. Brouzes ◽  
V.A. Naish
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Toxicity Bioassay ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Dilution Water

Abstract Although Daphnia magna have been widely used in the determination of the toxicity of various substances, there are no reports in the literature that describe a rigorous bioassay method using this organism as a test species. The test described herein involves the standariza-tion of various important aspects of the method such as the age of the test organisms, and the dilution water used for the preparation of the various toxicant concentrations. Also described is a simple method for the statistical analysis of the results. The sensitivity of the proposed bioassay is demonstrated by determining the toxicity of various pulp and paper effluents. Finally, extensive bioassays were carried out simultaneously with rainbow trout and Daphnia magna indicating that Daphnia are as good a biological indicator of acute toxicity as fish.

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