CYTOCHROME OXIDASE AND SUCCINIC OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN MAMMARY GLAND MITOCHONDRIA OF LACTATING RATS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Tuba ◽  
Patricia F. Orr ◽  
G. Stuart Wiberg
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland

The effect of lactation on some oxidative enzymes of rat mammary gland mitochondria was examined. Cytochrome oxidase levels were nearly doubled during lactation. Succinic oxidase activity was not demonstrable in breeder female rats four days after the cessation of nursing, or in a control group (non-lactating breeder females, which had weaned their young at least four weeks previously), but during the nursing period considerable activity of the enzyme was observed. Succinic dehydrogenase activity was negligible in mitochondria during involution of rat mammary tissue. On the other hand appreciable anaerobic glycolysis occurred in the resting gland. The greatly increased metabolic activity associated with lactation is reflected in the altered behavior of some of the enzymes of rat mammary gland mitochondria.

CYTOCHROME OXIDASE AND SUCCINIC OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN MAMMARY GLAND MITOCHONDRIA OF LACTATING RATS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 904-908
Author(s):  
Jules Tuba ◽  
Patricia F. Orr ◽  
G. Stuart Wiberg
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland

The effect of lactation on some oxidative enzymes of rat mammary gland mitochondria was examined. Cytochrome oxidase levels were nearly doubled during lactation. Succinic oxidase activity was not demonstrable in breeder female rats four days after the cessation of nursing, or in a control group (non-lactating breeder females, which had weaned their young at least four weeks previously), but during the nursing period considerable activity of the enzyme was observed. Succinic dehydrogenase activity was negligible in mitochondria during involution of rat mammary tissue. On the other hand appreciable anaerobic glycolysis occurred in the resting gland. The greatly increased metabolic activity associated with lactation is reflected in the altered behavior of some of the enzymes of rat mammary gland mitochondria.

scholarly journals Effect of thyroidectomy on pathways of glucose metabolism in lactating rat mammary gland

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Walters ◽  
Patricia McLean
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland ◽  
Cleavage Enzyme ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

1. Assessment of the overall metabolic changes in lactating mammary gland after thyroidectomy has been made by measurement of the incorporation of 14C from specifically labelled glucose, pyruvate and acetate into 14CO2 and 14C-labelled lipid in the experimental rats and in sham-operated control animals. 2. Thyroidectomy depressed the oxidation of 14C-labelled substrates, an effect still apparent when the control rats were pair-fed with thyroidectomized rats; however, the ratio of oxidation of [1−14C]glucose/oxidation of [6−14C]glucose was unaltered. In parallel with these studies it was revealed that the activities of hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase were all lower in the thyroidectomized group than in the pair-fed control group. 3. Thyroidectomy also lowered the incorporation of 14C-labelled substrates into 14C-labelled lipid, an effect further studied by measurement of the activities of citrate-cleavage enzyme and acetate thiokinase. Restricting the food intake of the control rats to that of the thyroidectomized group lowered the activity of citrate-cleavage enzyme, but no further depression was observed on thyroidectomy. The oxidized and reduced nicotinamide nucleotide content of mammary tissue was shown to be decreased in the thyroidectomized rats compared with the control rats.

Transcription of prolactin gene in milk secretory cells of the rat mammary gland

1993 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Steinmetz ◽  
A. L. Grant ◽  
P. V. Malven
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Northern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland

ABSTRACT In-situ hybridization and Northern blot hybridization were used to identify mRNA for pituitary prolactin in mammary tissue obtained from female rats 1 day before expected parturition, 1 day after parturition and on day 7 of lactation. Prolactin cDNA was labelled with 32P for Northern analysis and with digoxigenin for in-situ hybridization. Total and poly(A)+ RNA from pituitary, mammary and control (fat and kidney) tissues were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis with transfer to nitrocellulose and hybridization to a cDNA for rat prolactin. Although present in much smaller amounts than the 1·0 kb transcript in pituitary RNA homogenates, mammary RNA homogenates from all three stages contained mRNA of approximately 1·0 kb which hybridized with the prolactin probe. Similar analyses of fat and kidney failed to reveal any hybridization at the 1·0 kb size. When tissue sections were hybridized to the cDNA probe, specific hybridization was observed in the milk secretory cells of the mammary alveoli and the lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary, but not in liver cells or in RNase-treated sections of mammary tissue. In summary, these results demonstrate that milk secretory cells of the rat mammary gland transcribe the gene for prolactin, and they raise the possibility that a primary target tissue for blood-borne prolactin may also synthesize prolactin. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 271–276

The effect of bromocriptine on mammary-gland ultrastructure of hyperprolactinemic rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
I.C. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Long Evans

In women, hyperprolactinemia is often due to a prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenoma or PRL cell hyperplasia. RRL excess stimulates the mammary glands and causes proliferation of the alveolar epithelium. Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, inhibits PRL secretion and is given to women to treat nonpuerperal galactorrhea. Old female rats have been reported to have PRL cell hyperplasia or adenoma leading to PRL hypersecretion and breast stimulation. Herein, we describe the effect of bromocriptine and consequently the reduction in serum PRL levels on the ultrastructure of rat mammary glands.Female Long-Evans rats, 23 months of age, were divided into control and bromocriptine-treated groups. The control animals were injected subcutaneously once daily with a 10% ethanol vehicle and were later divided into a normoprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels under 30 ng/ml and a hyperprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels above 30 ng/ml.

scholarly journals Rat mammary-gland fatty acid synthase. A simple purification procedure and stoicheiometry of CoA ester binding

1982 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Ahmad ◽  
D S Feltman ◽  
F Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland

A simple procedure was devised which allows purification of rat lactating-mammary-gland fatty acid synthase to a high degree of purity, with recoveries of activity exceeding 50%. Over 50 mg of enzyme was isolated from 60 g of mammary tissue. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was about 2.5 mumol of NADPH oxidized/min per mg of protein at 37 degrees. The enzyme appeared homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and by immunodiffusion analysis. Each mol (Mr 480 000) of the enzyme bound 3 mol of acetyl and 3-4 mol of malonyl groups when the binding experiments were performed at 0 degrees for 30 s. The presence of NADPH did not influence the binding stoicheiometry for these acyl-CoA derivatives. Approx. 2 mol of taurine was found per mol of the performic acid-oxidized enzyme, suggesting that there were 2 mol of 4′-phosphopantetheine in the native enzyme. Rat mammary-gland fatty acid synthase required free CoA for activity.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF INDOPHENOL DERIVATIVES AS REAGENTS FOR DEMONSTRATING CYTOCHROME OXIDASE IN TISSUE SECTIONS

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID T. CRAWFORD ◽  
MARVIN M. NACHLAS
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Activity ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Enzymatic Action ◽  
Color Fading

Seven redox dyes were investigated as possible histochemical indicators of cytochrome oxidase activity. All failed to meet one prime requisite, namely, that the oxidized product remain at the site of enzymatic action. The "color fading" phenomenon was studied. This effect was one in which sections and homogenates became colored as a result of oxidase activity and then faded during further incubation. Evidence was provided that this reaction occurred as a result of endogenous dehydrogenase activity, mainly succinic dehydrogenase. The decoloration in solution could be prevented by N-ethyl maleimide, without inhibiting cytochrome oxidase.

scholarly journals Modulatory Effect of Fermented Papaya Extracts on Mammary Gland Hyperplasia Induced by Estrogen and Progestin in Female Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqiang You ◽  
Junying Sun ◽  
Feng Xie ◽  
Zhiqin Chen ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A

Fermented papaya extracts (FPEs) are obtained by fermentation of papaya by Aspergillus oryzae and yeasts. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of FPEs on mammary gland hyperplasia induced by estrogen and progestogen. Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, including a control group, an FPE-alone group, a model group, and three FPE treatment groups (each receiving 30, 15, or 5 ml/kg FPEs). Severe mammary gland hyperplasia was induced upon estradiol benzoate and progestin administration. FPEs could improve the pathological features of the animal model and reduce estrogen levels in the serum. Analysis of oxidant indices revealed that FPEs could increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the mammary glands and serum of the animal models, and decrease the proportion of cells positive for the oxidative DNA damage marker 8-oxo-dG in the mammary glands. Additionally, estradiol benzoate and progestin altered the levels of serum biochemical compounds such as aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and alanine transaminase (ALT), as well as hepatic oxidant indices such as SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, and 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG). These indices reverted to normal levels upon oral administration of a high dose of FPEs. Taken together, our results indicate that FPEs can protect the mammary glands and other visceral organs from oxidative damage.

scholarly journals ADDITIVE EFFECT OF GENES POLYMORPHISM OF FOLATE CYCLE PROTEINS AND HOMOCYSTEIN LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH PROLIFERATIVE DISEASES OF THE BREAST AS A POTENTIAL FACTOR OF THE RISK OF THROMBOSSES

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Markovsky
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homocysteine Concentration ◽  
Serum Homocysteine

Aim.The aim of study was to examine the relationship between serum and mammary gland homocysteine levels with the carrier of separate SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genes of the folate metabolism system in patients with proliferative diseases and breast cancer.Methods and results.The study included 182 patients with proliferative diseases of the mammary gland in transbaikalia. The control group included 144 women who did not have oncological diseases. The serum homocysteine level and the supernatant of the mammary tissue homogenate were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography. Genotyping for the detection of polymorphism MTHFRС677T, MTHFRА1298C, MTRA2756G, MTRRA66G was carried out by polymerase chain reaction with the detection of the amplification product in real time. In the course of molecular genetic testing in patients with proliferative diseases of the mammary gland, there was found: 1) the absence of an explicit association of the carriage of genetic polymorphism MTHFRС677T, MTHFRА1298C, MTRA2756G and MTRRA66G with serum homocysteine concentration, however, comparative hyperhomocysteinemia and, to a lesser extent, in women with the benign breast diseases; 2) the highest homocysteine content in the blood in patients with breast cancer whose genotype was characterized by combinations of polymorphic alleles MTR2756G x MTRR66G; 3) that the MTR2756A allele and genotype MTHFR1298AC, especially their combination of MTHFR1298AC x MTR2756A, increase the risk of developing benign breast formations; 4) the effect of the risk alleles MTR2756G and MTRR66GON the concentration of homocystein in the tumor tissue of the mammary gland.Conclusion. These patterns indicate a certain contribution of the polymorphisms studied, especially their additive effect, both in the development of proliferative diseases of the mammary gland and in the possible potentiation of prothrombotic effects in these patients against the background of tumor progression and homocysteine metabolism disorders.

scholarly journals Studies on acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase from rat mammary gland and mammary tumours

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Ahmad ◽  
D S Feltman ◽  
F Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Lipogenic Enzymes ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Gland Differentiation ◽  
Mammary Adenocarcinomas

The activities of two lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, were determined in two transplantable mammary adenocarcinomas (13762 and R3230AC) carried by non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating rats, and in mammary tissue of control animals (non-tumour-carrying) of comparable physiological states. During mammary-gland differentiation of control or tumour-carrying animals, the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase in the lactating gland increased by about 40-50-fold over the values found in non-pregnant animals. On the other hand, in tumours carried by lactating dams there were only modest increases (1.5-2-fold) in acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase compared with the neoplasms carried by non-pregnant animals. On the basis of the Km values for different substrates and immunodiffusion and immunotitration data, the fatty acid synthase of neoplastic tissues appeared to be indistinguishable from the control mammary-gland enzyme. However, a comparison of the immunotitration and immunodiffusion experiments indicated that the mammary-gland acetyl-CoA carboxylase might differ from the enzyme present in mammary neoplasms.

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