SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE LIPID AND WATER CONTENT OF THE THYMUS GLAND IN ALBINO RATS BEARING WALKER CARCINOMA 256

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Valmore Fontaine ◽  
J. Gilbert Hill
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Thymus Gland ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Walker Carcinoma

The investigation was designed to measure hydrolipotropic variations in the thymus gland of albino rats bearing Walker carcinoma 256. This was done upon 27 pairs of littermate albino rats, one of each pair inoculated and one not inoculated with Walker carcinoma 256. The life history of the tumor was evenly represented in the series. Tumor growth was found to be accompanied by a statistically significant increase in total body weight, due to water retention, and decrease in the weight of the thymus gland. The total amount of water, dry weight, total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, free cholesterol, and phospholipid were significantly less in the thymus gland of tumor-bearing albino rats. The concentrations, per unit dry weight, of total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids in the thymus gland were not significantly affected by tumor growth. The similar concentrations of water, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid were significantly increased in the thymus gland of tumor-bearing albino rats. These changes indicated a hydrolipotropic effect of the tumor upon the thymus gland. A pyramidal, up-and-down, change in the concentrations of phospholipid and the three cholesterol fractions in the thymus gland at T/RC coefficients of 30 to 60, together with a marked loss of weight by the gland, suggested the effect upon the thymus gland of factor(s) other than the hydrolipotropic influence.

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE LIPID AND WATER CONTENT OF THE THYMUS GLAND IN ALBINO RATS BEARING WALKER CARCINOMA 256

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Valmore Fontaine ◽  
J. Gilbert Hill
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Thymus Gland ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Walker Carcinoma

The investigation was designed to measure hydrolipotropic variations in the thymus gland of albino rats bearing Walker carcinoma 256. This was done upon 27 pairs of littermate albino rats, one of each pair inoculated and one not inoculated with Walker carcinoma 256. The life history of the tumor was evenly represented in the series. Tumor growth was found to be accompanied by a statistically significant increase in total body weight, due to water retention, and decrease in the weight of the thymus gland. The total amount of water, dry weight, total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, free cholesterol, and phospholipid were significantly less in the thymus gland of tumor-bearing albino rats. The concentrations, per unit dry weight, of total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids in the thymus gland were not significantly affected by tumor growth. The similar concentrations of water, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid were significantly increased in the thymus gland of tumor-bearing albino rats. These changes indicated a hydrolipotropic effect of the tumor upon the thymus gland. A pyramidal, up-and-down, change in the concentrations of phospholipid and the three cholesterol fractions in the thymus gland at T/RC coefficients of 30 to 60, together with a marked loss of weight by the gland, suggested the effect upon the thymus gland of factor(s) other than the hydrolipotropic influence.

LIPID AND WATER LEVELS IN THE KIDNEYS OF ALBINO RATS BEARING WALKER CARCINOMA 256

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Arne O. Tikkala
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Walker Carcinoma

The kidneys of 54 pairs of twin albino rats, one inoculated and one not inoculated with Walker carcinoma 256, were analyzed for water, total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, total cholesterol, ester cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid, calculated as gm. per 100 gm. nonlipid dry weight. Compared with the kidneys of their nontumor-bearing littermates, the kidneys of tumor-bearing rats exhibited no significant change in wet weight and in concentration of total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, and ester cholesterol. There was a significant increase in concentration of water, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid. The increase was toward concentrations of corresponding elements in Walker carcinoma 256. The changes became evident in animals bearing tumors weighing 20 to 40% or more of host weight.

THE LIPID AND WATER CONTENT OF CARCASS, SKELETAL MUSCLE, AND TESTICLE IN THE HOST COMPONENT OF THE ALBINO RAT – WALKER CARCINOMA 256 DUAL ORGANISM AT PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF TUMOR GROWTH

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Carl E. Boyd ◽  
J. Gilbert Hill ◽  
Ely Ravinsky
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Walker Carcinoma ◽  
Host Component

The objective of this investigation was to find at what stage in the growth of Walker carcinoma 256 appear the shifts in water and lipid levels of host carcass, skeletal muscle, and testicle, noted at or near death of the dual organism by Boyd, Connell, and McEwen (1952). Lipid and water estimations were made upon these tissues, at intervals of one, two, and three weeks of tumor growth, in 35 tumor-bearing and 34 littermate control albino rats. In host carcass, the decline in concentration, per 100 gm. dry weight, of total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids appeared after two weeks of tumor growth, while at or about the same time a rise occurred in the levels of water, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid. In hind limb skeletal muscle of the host, the levels of total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids were lowered, while those of water were elevated, after two and three weeks of tumor growth. In host testicle, the levels of water and lipids were essentially similar to those of the controls. The rise in concentration of water, phospholipid, total cholesterol, and free cholesterol of the host varied, in general, with increase in the T/RC coefficient. Maximal low levels of host total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids were reached at T/RC coefficient values of 20 to 30. Maintenance of total body weight (tumor plus host) was due mainly to accumulation of water in both components. The host component lost dry weight, total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids more rapidly than these accumulated in the tumor in total amount. The smaller loss of total amounts of water, phospholipid, total cholesterol, and free cholesterol in the host was offset by an approximately equal accumulation of these substances in the tumor.

LIPID AND WATER LEVELS IN THE KIDNEYS OF ALBINO RATS BEARING WALKER CARCINOMA 256

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Arne O. Tikkala
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Walker Carcinoma

The kidneys of 54 pairs of twin albino rats, one inoculated and one not inoculated with Walker carcinoma 256, were analyzed for water, total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, total cholesterol, ester cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid, calculated as gm. per 100 gm. nonlipid dry weight. Compared with the kidneys of their nontumor-bearing littermates, the kidneys of tumor-bearing rats exhibited no significant change in wet weight and in concentration of total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, and ester cholesterol. There was a significant increase in concentration of water, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid. The increase was toward concentrations of corresponding elements in Walker carcinoma 256. The changes became evident in animals bearing tumors weighing 20 to 40% or more of host weight.

THE LIPID AND WATER CONTENT OF CARCASS, SKELETAL MUSCLE, AND TESTICLE IN THE HOST COMPONENT OF THE ALBINO RAT – WALKER CARCINOMA 256 DUAL ORGANISM AT PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF TUMOR GROWTH

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Carl E. Boyd ◽  
J. Gilbert Hill ◽  
Ely Ravinsky
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Walker Carcinoma ◽  
Host Component

The objective of this investigation was to find at what stage in the growth of Walker carcinoma 256 appear the shifts in water and lipid levels of host carcass, skeletal muscle, and testicle, noted at or near death of the dual organism by Boyd, Connell, and McEwen (1952). Lipid and water estimations were made upon these tissues, at intervals of one, two, and three weeks of tumor growth, in 35 tumor-bearing and 34 littermate control albino rats. In host carcass, the decline in concentration, per 100 gm. dry weight, of total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids appeared after two weeks of tumor growth, while at or about the same time a rise occurred in the levels of water, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid. In hind limb skeletal muscle of the host, the levels of total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids were lowered, while those of water were elevated, after two and three weeks of tumor growth. In host testicle, the levels of water and lipids were essentially similar to those of the controls. The rise in concentration of water, phospholipid, total cholesterol, and free cholesterol of the host varied, in general, with increase in the T/RC coefficient. Maximal low levels of host total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids were reached at T/RC coefficient values of 20 to 30. Maintenance of total body weight (tumor plus host) was due mainly to accumulation of water in both components. The host component lost dry weight, total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids more rapidly than these accumulated in the tumor in total amount. The smaller loss of total amounts of water, phospholipid, total cholesterol, and free cholesterol in the host was offset by an approximately equal accumulation of these substances in the tumor.

THE LIPID COMPOSITION AND WATER CONTENT OF BRAIN, HEART, LUNG, LIVER, GUT, AND SKIN IN THE HOST COMPONENT OF THE ALBINO RAT–WALKER CARCINOMA 256 DUAL ORGANISM

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-504
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
H. D. McEwen ◽  
M. N. Shanas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Water Shift ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Walker Carcinoma

The carcass of albino rats bearing Walker carcinoma 256 contains, at or near death of the dual organism, concentrations of lipids and water altered in the direction of the concentrations of these constituents in the tumor component. The objective of the investigation herein reported was to find the extent to which brain, heart, lung, liver, gut, and skin participated in this shift of lipid and water levels of the host carcass. Total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, total cholesterol, ester cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid of these tissues were measured by oxidative micromethods in 23 albino rats bearing Walker carcinoma 256 at or near death of the dual organism. The results were expressed as gm. per 100 gm. dry weight of tissue and compared with corresponding values in 23 littermate albino rats without tumors, and differences with a P value of 0.01 or less were noted. Brain could be proved to take no part in the lipid and water shift in the carcass. Heart, lung, liver, and gut participated in the increased water shift. Liver participated in the increased free cholesterol shift. Skin and gut participated markedly in the decreased total lipid, neutral fat, and total fatty acids shift. Gut participated in the increased phospholipid shift. There were no other significant changes in lipid or water levels. These data are further evidence of the metabolism-directing influence of Walker carcinoma 256 on the host.

THE INTERRELATION OF LIPIDS IN THE BLOOD PLASMA OF WHITE LEGHORN COCKERELS

1940 ◽  
Vol 18d (2) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Eleanor L. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Plasma Total Lipid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The blood plasma of 22 healthy, young, white leghorn cockerels was analysed by oxidative micromethods and found to contain the following mean lipid values, in milligrams per 100 ml. of plasma: total lipid 520, neutral fat 225, total fatty acids 361, total cholesterol 100, ester cholesterol 66, free cholesterol 34, phospholipid 155. In general, the amounts of the various lipids were proportionately related to the total lipid.

The fatty acid composition of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea and its jellyfish prey

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Holland ◽  
J. Davenport ◽  
J. East
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Dermochelys Coriacea ◽  
Leatherback Turtle ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (L.) studied was a male, weighing 916 kg, with a total dorsal length of 291 cm. It was beached on the Welsh coast, UK in September 1988 and is currently the largest leatherback ever recorded.Total lipid formed between 87.5 and 95.4% of the dry weight of representative samples of the blubber and 43.0% and 4.9% of the liver and pectoral muscle respectively. High levels of neutral lipid in the liver (79.0% of the total lipid) as well as the blubber (87.6–99.9% of the total lipid) suggest an important energy storage function for these tissues.Overall, with the notable exception of 22:lwll, fatty acids which are found in a putative jellyfish diet of Rhizostoma, Amelia, Cyanea and Chrysaora are also present in the leatherback liver and muscle, blubber and other fatty tissues. Fatty acid 22:lwll is present in the jellyfish samples, but is absent or at trace levels only in the leatherback tissues (0.1–0.3% of the total fatty acids).The polyunsaturated fatty acids of the w3 series 20:5w3, 22:5w3 and 22:6w3 are well represented in leatherback adipose tissues, muscle and liver as well as in the jellyfish examined. The leatherback and jellyfish lipids are therefore marine in character, but are also similar to terrestrial animal lipid in having a high proportion of fatty acids of the w6 series, principally arachidonic acid, 20:4w6. The significant levels of 20:4w6 in jellyfish total lipid (9.7–20.0% of the total fatty acids) and in the leatherback neutral lipid (1.0–10.9% of the total fatty acids) and phospholipid (0.6–15.5% of total fatty acids) fractions of all tissues sampled suggests that arachidonic acid assumes more importance in food chain relationships involving leatherbacks than in other marine food webs such as those involving fish.

Observations on the effect of the rediae of Fasciola hepatica on the lipid composition of the hepatopancreas of Lymnaea truncatula

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Southgate
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Phosphatidyl Choline ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Esterified Sterols

In the uninfected hepatopancreas of L. truncatula 7·0–11·0% of the dry weight is lipid. Of the total lipid 60% is neutral lipid and 40% is phospholipid. Free fatty acid is the major neutral lipid component; triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, sterols and esterified sterols are also present. The phospholipids identified were phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, lyso-phosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin. The fatty acids were analysed by gas chromatography. The major fatty acid is C16 (palmitic) and 60% of the total fatty acids are saturated.In the hepatopancreas of L. truncatula infected with the rediae of F. hepatica, but with the rediae removed, 5·4–9·4% of the dry weight is lipid. Of this total lipid 73% is neutral lipid and 27% is phospholipid. All the fractions of neutral lipid, except the fatty acids are smaller than in the uninfected hepatopancreas. The fatty acids show an increase of 38%. The same phospholipids identified in the uninfected hepatopancreas are present, but all the fractions show a decrease in amount with the exception of the phosphatidyl choline fraction, which is present in approximately equal amounts in both the uninfected and the infected hepatopancreas. The major fatty acid is palmitic acid.

THE LIPID COMPOSITION AND WATER CONTENT OF CARCASS, SKELETAL MUSCLE, AND TESTICLE IN THE HOST COMPONENT OF THE ALBINO RAT – WALKER CARCINOMA 256 DUAL ORGANISM

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-483
Author(s):  
Eldon M. Boyd ◽  
Mary L. Connell ◽  
H. D. McEwen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Walker Carcinoma ◽  
Host Component

The albino rat with an inoculated Walker carcinoma 256 was considered to be a dual organism and the influence of the tumor component upon the lipid and water concentration of the host component was studied. The total lipid, neutral fat, total fatty acids, total cholesterol, ester cholesterol, free cholesterol, and phospholipid, estimated by oxidative micromethods, and the water content were determined in carcass, skeletal muscle, and testicle of the host component after 28 days of growth of the tumor in 14 dual organisms and the data compared with corresponding values from 12 control albino rats without tumors. In the host component, the following statistically significant changes in concentration were found: a decrease in the neutral fat content of carcass and skeletal muscle and in the water content of the testicle; an increase in the phospholipid content of carcass and skeletal muscle, in the free cholesterol content of carcass, skeletal muscle, and testicle, in the ester cholesterol content of testicle and in the water content of carcass and skeletal muscle with corresponding changes in the concentration of total cholesterol, total fatty acids, and total lipid. In each instance, these shifts in concentration were toward the level in the tumor component, so that the lipid composition and water content of these tissues of the host component became more like those of the tumor component, suggesting a metabolism directing influence of the tumor upon the host.

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