A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELED GLUCOSE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boothroyd ◽  
Stewart A. Brown ◽  
J. A. Thorn ◽  
A. C. Neish
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Glyceric Acid ◽  
Diglycolic Acid ◽  
Glucose Molecule ◽  
Strontium Salt ◽  
Chemical Procedure

A procedure based on the work of Jackson and Hudson was developed for the degradation of methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside formed from 2 millimoles of glucose. Oxidation of the glucoside with periodic acid gave C-3 as formic acid and a dialdehyde which was converted to the strontium salt of D′-methoxy-D-hydroxymethyl diglycolic acid. The purified salt was hydrolyzed to glyoxylic and glyceric acids. The glyoxylic acid was isolated as the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (C-1 + C-2); this was decarboxylated by heat to give carbon dioxide from C-2. The glyceric acid was oxidized by periodate to give C-4 as carbon dioxide, C-5 as formic acid, and C-6 as formaldehyde. This degradation permitted the determination of C14 in each position of the glucose molecule, the activity in C-1 being determined by difference. The method was applied to glucose-1-C14 and a sample of glucose labeled in all positions with satisfactory results.

A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELED GLUCOSE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boothroyd ◽  
Stewart A. Brown ◽  
J. A. Thorn ◽  
A. C. Neish
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Glyceric Acid ◽  
Diglycolic Acid ◽  
Glucose Molecule ◽  
Strontium Salt ◽  
Chemical Procedure

A procedure based on the work of Jackson and Hudson was developed for the degradation of methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside formed from 2 millimoles of glucose. Oxidation of the glucoside with periodic acid gave C-3 as formic acid and a dialdehyde which was converted to the strontium salt of D′-methoxy-D-hydroxymethyl diglycolic acid. The purified salt was hydrolyzed to glyoxylic and glyceric acids. The glyoxylic acid was isolated as the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (C-1 + C-2); this was decarboxylated by heat to give carbon dioxide from C-2. The glyceric acid was oxidized by periodate to give C-4 as carbon dioxide, C-5 as formic acid, and C-6 as formaldehyde. This degradation permitted the determination of C14 in each position of the glucose molecule, the activity in C-1 being determined by difference. The method was applied to glucose-1-C14 and a sample of glucose labeled in all positions with satisfactory results.

A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELLED XYLOSE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Chemical Procedure ◽  
Purified Salt

A series of reactions reported previously for the degradation of glucose has been modified and extended to permit the determination of carbon-14 in each of the five carbons of a single 2 mM. xylose sample. Methyl xylopyranoside was oxidized with periodic acid giving C-3 as formic acid, and a dialdehyde which was converted to strontium methoxy-diglycolate. The purified salt was hydrolyzed to glyoxylic and glycolic acids. The glyoxylic acid was isolated as the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (C-1 + C-2) which was decarboxylated to give carbon dioxide from C-2. The glycolic acid was oxidized by lead tetraacetate to give C-4 as carbon dioxide and C-5 as formaldehyde. The activity in C-1 was determined by difference. The method was applied to xylose-1-C14, xylose-5-C14, and a biologically synthesized xylose sample with satisfactory results. This degradation procedure is theoretically applicable to other aldopentoses and aldotetroses.

A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELLED XYLOSE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Chemical Procedure ◽  
Purified Salt

A series of reactions reported previously for the degradation of glucose has been modified and extended to permit the determination of carbon-14 in each of the five carbons of a single 2 mM. xylose sample. Methyl xylopyranoside was oxidized with periodic acid giving C-3 as formic acid, and a dialdehyde which was converted to strontium methoxy-diglycolate. The purified salt was hydrolyzed to glyoxylic and glycolic acids. The glyoxylic acid was isolated as the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (C-1 + C-2) which was decarboxylated to give carbon dioxide from C-2. The glycolic acid was oxidized by lead tetraacetate to give C-4 as carbon dioxide and C-5 as formaldehyde. The activity in C-1 was determined by difference. The method was applied to xylose-1-C14, xylose-5-C14, and a biologically synthesized xylose sample with satisfactory results. This degradation procedure is theoretically applicable to other aldopentoses and aldotetroses.

A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELLED D-FRUCTOSE AND OTHER KETOSES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Brice ◽  
A. S. Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chemical Procedure

A procedure is described for determining the activity of the individual carbon atoms in D-fructose labelled with C14, which is suitable for as little as 1 millimole of the sugar. The D-fructose is degraded by lead tetraacetate oxidation and the product is hydrolyzed to glycolic acid, formic acid, and D-glyceraldehyde. Glycolic acid is oxidized to formaldehyde (carbon-1) and carbon dioxide (carbon-2), and formic acid to carbon dioxide (carbon-3). D-Glyceraldehyde is degraded to carbon dioxide (carbons-4 and -5, combined) and formaldehyde (carbon-6); after reduction of a second portion of the D-glyceraldehyde to glycerol, the degradation products obtained are carbon dioxide (carbon-5) and formaldehyde (carbons-4 and -6, combined). The activity of carbon-1, -2, -3, -5, or -6 is thus determined directly, and of carbon-4 by difference in two ways. The procedure should also be applicable to C14-labelled L-sorbose. Lead tetraacetate oxidation of sedoheptulose followed by hydrolysis yields glycolic acid, formic acid, and D-erythrose. These three fragments are degraded in turn to afford a method for partial determination of the C14-distribution in samples of this important heptulose.

A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELLED D-FRUCTOSE AND OTHER KETOSES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Brice ◽  
A. S. Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chemical Procedure

A procedure is described for determining the activity of the individual carbon atoms in D-fructose labelled with C14, which is suitable for as little as 1 millimole of the sugar. The D-fructose is degraded by lead tetraacetate oxidation and the product is hydrolyzed to glycolic acid, formic acid, and D-glyceraldehyde. Glycolic acid is oxidized to formaldehyde (carbon-1) and carbon dioxide (carbon-2), and formic acid to carbon dioxide (carbon-3). D-Glyceraldehyde is degraded to carbon dioxide (carbons-4 and -5, combined) and formaldehyde (carbon-6); after reduction of a second portion of the D-glyceraldehyde to glycerol, the degradation products obtained are carbon dioxide (carbon-5) and formaldehyde (carbons-4 and -6, combined). The activity of carbon-1, -2, -3, -5, or -6 is thus determined directly, and of carbon-4 by difference in two ways. The procedure should also be applicable to C14-labelled L-sorbose. Lead tetraacetate oxidation of sedoheptulose followed by hydrolysis yields glycolic acid, formic acid, and D-erythrose. These three fragments are degraded in turn to afford a method for partial determination of the C14-distribution in samples of this important heptulose.

Determination of formic acid using an automatic carbon dioxide coulometer

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Allen Raines ◽  
Edward W.D. Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid

The influence of pH on the reaction between tartaric acid and metaperiodic acid

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
PS Verma ◽  
KC Grover
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Coordination Compound ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Influence Of Ph

Tartaric acid in phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) at 30� consumed 2,003 � 0.001 molar proportions of periodic acid in 2.5 hr. The reaction has been shown to be of second order. It is suggested that the oxidation proceeds through the disproportionation of a coordination compound intermediate involving the bitartrate and IO4 or H4IO4 ions, followed by the subsequent slow oxidation of glyoxylic acid to give formic acid.

THE DETERMINATION OF TRYPTOPHANE BY A MODIFIED GLYOXYLIC ACID METHOD EMPLOYING PHOTOELECTRIC COLORIMETRY

1938 ◽  
Vol 16b (10) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. D. Shaw ◽  
W. D. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Method ◽  
Photoelectric Colorimeter ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Alkali Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

An accurate and reliable method for the estimation of tryptophane is described. It is based on the glyoxylic acid reaction, and involves the use of the Evelyn photoelectric colorimeter. The technique makes it possible to ascertain readily whether the color being measured is due only to tryptophane.The method has been applied to casein, of which, if necessary, only 25 mg. is required. The tryptophane determination is readily accomplished on a solution obtained by dissolving the casein in 10 or 20% sodium hydroxide or 5% formic acid by heating for a few minutes. With respect to alkali hydrolysis of casein under pressure, tryptophane is unstable in the sodium hydroxide hydrolysis, but is very stable in the baryta hydrolysis. The age and source of the casein are shown to be factors causing variations in the tryptophane content of different samples of casein, a variability which has been observed by a few previous workers.

scholarly journals The enzymes of B. Coli communis which are concerned in the decomposition of glucose and mannitol. Part IV. —The fermentation of glucose in the presence of formic acid

1920 ◽  
Vol 91 (640) ◽  
pp. 294-305 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Glucose Molecule

In this series of communications the writer is endeavouring to show how, by varying the conditions of the experiment, it is possible to alter the proportion between the products which arise from the fermentation of glucoseand allied substances, and to point out how, by a consideration of the manner in which these products group themselves, conclusions may be drawn as to the order in which such products arise during the degradation of the glucose molecule. Substances which can be shown to arise in constant proportions under varying conditions of experiment may be considered as being produced by one and the same enzyme. In Parts II and III it was shown that the formation of lactic acid by B . coli communis ran a separate course to that of the other products, so that it may be regarded as being produced by a separate enzyme, but the other products of the fermentation, viz., succinic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, and alcohol, together with the gaseous products of the decomposition of formic acid, i. e ., carbon dioxide and hydrogen, all appeared to be grouped together and to form an alternative course for the decomposition of the glucose.

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