Strategies for dealing with conformational sampling in structural calculations of flexible or kinked transmembrane peptidesThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled CSBMCB — Membrane Proteins in Health and Disease.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 918-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan K. Rainey ◽  
Larry Fliegel ◽  
Brian D. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Structure Calculation ◽  
Conformational Sampling ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Nmr Structures ◽  
Peptide Conformations ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Selection Of

Peptides corresponding to transmembrane (TM) segments from membrane proteins provide a potential route for the determination of membrane protein structure. We have determined that 2 functionally critical TM segments from the mammalian Na+/H+ exchanger display well converged structure in regions separated by break points. The flexibility of these break points results in conformational sampling in solution. A brief review of available NMR structures of helical membrane proteins demonstrates that there are a number of published structures showing similar properties. Such flexibility is likely indicative of kinks in the full-length protein. This minireview focuses on methods and protocols for NMR structure calculation and analysis of peptide structures under conditions of conformational sampling. The methods outlined allow the identification and analysis of structured peptides containing break points owing to conformational sampling and the differentiation between oligomerization and ensemble-averaged observation of multiple peptide conformations.

Stimulatory effect of insecticides on partially purified P-glycoprotein ATPase from the resistant pest Helicoverpa armigeraThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled CSBMCB — Membrane Proteins in Health and Disease.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Aurade ◽  
Senigala K. Jayalakshmi ◽  
Kuruba Sreeramulu
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Selection Of

A P-glycoprotein-like protein (Ha-Pgp) was detected in a membrane preparation from the insecticide-resistant pest Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctüidae) using C219 antibodies that are directed towards an epitope in the nucleotide-binding domains. This protein was partially purified and found to be a glycoprotein displaying ATPase activity. SDS–PAGE confirmed that a high molecular mass glycoprotein (150 kDa) was overexpressed in resistant pests, but was not detected in susceptible pests. The partially purified Ha-Pgp ATPase was reconstituted into proteoliposomes and it was found that some insecticides, namely, monocrotophos, endosulfan, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and methylparathion, stimulated the ATPase activity. The effect of various inhibitors on partially purified Ha-Pgp showed that orthovanadate is a potent inhibitor of its ATPase activity, inhibiting it by 90% at a concentration of 2 mmol/L. Other inhibitors, such as EDTA, sodium azide, and molybdate resulted in only a 20% decrease in activity. Details of the structure and function of Ha-Pgp will be important in the development of strategies to overcome insecticide resistance in this pest.

The role of sex in cardiac function and diseaseThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigator's Forum.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Czubryt ◽  
Leon Espira ◽  
Lise Lamoureux ◽  
Bernard Abrenica
Keyword(s):  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Isolated Cardiomyocytes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

In the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to the importance of sex in the etiology of cardiac dysfunction. While focus has been primarily on how sex modulates atherogenesis, it is becoming clear that sex is both a predictor of outcome and an independent risk factor for a number of other cardiac diseases. Animal models and human studies have begun to shed light on the mechanisms by which sex influences the function of cardiomyocytes in health and disease. This review will survey the current literature on cardiac diseases that are influenced by sex and discuss the intracellular mechanisms by which steroid sex hormones affect heart function. A theory on how sex may regulate myocardial energy metabolism to affect disease susceptibility and progression will be presented, as well as a discussion of how sex may influence outcomes of experiments on isolated cardiomyocytes by epigenetic marking.

scholarly journals Determination Of Lecturer Reception Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Hafizah Hanim ◽  
Jefril Rahmadoni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Structure Calculation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Extra Time ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Process Method

During this time, the selection of non permanent lecturers, parts staffing difficulties in selecting lecturers. The obstacle faced is the large number of applicants who register to become prospective lecturers. So that the staffing or the campus must give extra time to choose prospective lecturers so that lecturers can be obtained that fit the desired criteria. The AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method is a method in the decision-making process, this method performs a hierarchical structure calculation where the top level in the hierarchy is the goal to be achieved then the hierarchy below in the form of criteria in achieving goals and the lowest level is the alternatives in achieving goals.

Investigating membrane protein dynamics in living cellsThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled CSBMCB — Membrane Proteins in Health and Disease.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Bates ◽  
Paul W. Wiseman ◽  
John W. Hanrahan
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Fluorescence Correlation ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Image Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Selection Of

Live cell imaging is a powerful tool for understanding the function and regulation of membrane proteins. In this review, we briefly discuss 4 fluorescence-microscopy-based techniques for studying the transport dynamics of membrane proteins: fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy, image-correlation spectroscopy, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and single-particle and (or) molecule tracking. The advantages and limitations of each approach are illustrated using recent studies of an ion channel and cell adhesion molecules.

Methods for detecting autophagy and determining autophagy-induced cell deathThis review is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue on Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Chen ◽  
Meghan B. Azad ◽  
Spencer B. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Lysosomal Degradation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promote Cell Survival ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
New Research ◽  
Selection Of

Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal degradation process, which in the case of macroautophagy, is characterized by the formation of double-membraned autophagosomes. Enhanced under stress conditions, autophagy can function to promote cell survival or cell death depending on the type of cellular stress. Interest in autophagy has increased substantially in the past several years as new research implicates this “self-eating” pathway in cell growth, development, and many human diseases. Various methods have been developed for detecting autophagy; however, the implementation of these methods and the interpretation of the results often vary between studies, and a more standardized approach is required. In this review, we summarize the current methods available for detecting autophagy and for determining its contribution to cell death. Furthermore, we discuss the critical points for the successful application of these methods based on experiences from our laboratory and from other research groups.

Partitioning of myelin basic protein into membrane microdomains in a spontaneously demyelinating mouse model for multiple sclerosisThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled CSBMCB — Membrane Proteins in Health and Disease.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 993-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian S. DeBruin ◽  
Jeffery D. Haines ◽  
Dorothee Bienzle ◽  
George Harauz
Keyword(s):  
Myelin Basic Protein ◽  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Splice Isoforms ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Detergent Resistant Membranes ◽  
Selection Of

We have characterized the lipid rafts in myelin from a spontaneously demyelinating mouse line (ND4), and from control mice (CD1 background), as a function of age and severity of disease. Myelin was isolated from the brains of CD1 and ND4 mice at various ages, and cold lysed with 1.5% CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulphonate). The lysate was separated by low-speed centrifugation into supernatant and pellet fractions, which were characterized by Western blotting for myelin basic protein (MBP) isoforms and their post-translationally modified variants. We found that, with maturation and with disease progression, there was a specific redistribution of the 14–21.5 kDa MBP isoforms (classic exon-II-containing vs exon-II-lacking) and phosphorylated forms into the supernatant and pellet. Further fractionation of the supernatant to yield detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), representing coalesced lipid rafts, showed these to be highly enriched in exon-II-lacking MBP isoforms, and deficient in methylated MBP variants, in mice of both genotypes. The DRMs from the ND4 mice appeared to be enriched in MBP phosphorylated by MAP kinase at Thr95 (murine 18.5 kDa numbering). These studies indicate that different splice isoforms and post-translationally modified charge variants of MBP are targeted to different microdomains in the myelin membrane, implying multifunctionality of this protein family in myelin maintenance.

Structural comparison of substrate entry gate for rhomboid intramembrane peptidasesThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue entitled CSBMCB 53rd Annual Meeting — Membrane Proteins in Health and Disease, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Lazareno-Saez ◽  
Cory L. Brooks ◽  
M. Joanne Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Transmembrane Helices ◽  
General Role ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Selection Of

Rhomboids are intramembrane serine peptidases conserved in all kingdoms of life. Their general role is to cleave integral membrane proteins to release signalling molecules. These signals, when disrupted, can contribute to various diseases. Crystal structures of H. influenzae (hiGlpG) and E. coli GlpG (ecGlpG) rhomboids have revealed a structure with six transmembrane helices and a Ser–His catalytic dyad buried within the membrane. One emerging issue was the identification of the mobile element in the protein that allows substrate docking. It has been proposed that the substrate entry gate is composed of helix 5 and loop 5. The present review studies the structures of these two orthologs. In ecGlpG structures, different conformations of loop 5 and helix 5 are observed. Open and closed conformations of ecGlpG structures are compared with each other and with hiGlpG, surveying differences in hydrophobic interactions within loop 5 and helix 5. Furthermore, a comparison of the ecGlpG and hiGlpG structures reveals differences in loop 4. Overall, less variation is observed in loop 4, suggesting this region acts as an anchor for the substrate gate. Functional and regulatory implications of these variations are discussed.

A Method for the Colorimetric Determination of β-Glucuronidase in Urine, Serum, Tissue; Assay of Enzymatic Activity in Health and Disease

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius A. Goldbarg ◽  
Esteban P. Pineda ◽  
Benjamin M. Banks ◽  
Alexander M. Rutenburg
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Urine Serum

Introduction: Affixes and bases

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Stela Manova
Keyword(s):  
Special Issue ◽  
Affix Order ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Affix Ordering

This special issue includes a selection of papers presented at the 2nd Vienna Workshop on Affix Order held in Vienna, Austria on June 4–5, 2009. The workshop was in honor of Wolfgang U. Dressler on the occasion of his 70th birthday. However, this special issue differs from the classical Festschrift dedicated to a renowned scholar and is ‘more special’ in two respects at least: 1) not all authors are Dressler's friends and colleagues, some of them are only indirectly related to him, through his students; and 2) since the papers were presented at a topic-oriented workshop, they are thematically uniform. In other words, this special issue is a kind of scientific genealogy in terms of affix ordering. Thus, the title Affixes and bases should be understood in two ways: literally – affixes and bases as linguistic notions, and metaphorically – affixes and bases as linguists related directly and indirectly to a prominent base: Wolfgang U. Dressler.

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