Angiostatin and plasminogen share binding to endothelial cell surface actin

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Dudani ◽  
M Ben-Tchavtchavadze ◽  
S Porter ◽  
E Tackaberry
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Proteolytic Fragment ◽  
Binding Motifs ◽  
Fluorescence Studies ◽  
Endothelial Cell Surface ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Dependent Processes

Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that plasminogen binds to endothelial cell surface-associated actin via its kringles in a dose-dependent and specific manner. The purpose of this study was to determine whether angiostatin, a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen, shares binding properties with plasminogen. Our results indicated that like plasminogen, angiostatin bound to actin in a time-, concentration-, and kringle-dependent manner. Furthermore, this binding was significantly inhibited by excess plasminogen, suggesting that both proteins shared binding motifs on the actin molecule. Fluorescence studies demonstrated that angiostatin bound to intact endothelial cells through its kringles, and this binding was also inhibited by plasminogen but not by unrelated proteins. Ligand blot analyses on endothelial cell lysates indicated that angiostatin interacted with a 42 kDa protein, which was identified as actin. Furthermore, an anti-actin antibody inhibited binding of angiostatin to endothelial cells by approximately 25%. These results suggest that angiostatin and plasminogen share binding to endothelial cell surface actin and, therefore, that angiostatin has the potential to inhibit plasmin-dependent processes such as cell migration–movement.Key words: plasminogen, angiostatin, endothelial cells, actin.

CULTURED HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS BIND AND INTERNALIZE HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT KININOGEN

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freek van Iwaarden ◽  
G Philip ◽  
de Groot ◽  
Bonno N Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
High Molecular Weight Kininogen ◽  
Human Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell Surface ◽  
Coagulation Pathway

The presence of High Molecular Weight kininogen (HMWK) was demonstrated in cultured human endothelial cells (EC) by immunofluorescence techniques. Using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay a concentration of 58 ng HMWK/10 cells was determined. Immunoprecipitation studies performed with lysed metabolically labelled endothelial cells and mono-specific antisera directed against HMWK suggested that HMWK is not synthesized by the endothelial cells. Endothelial cells cultured in the presence of HMWK-depleted serum did not contain HMWK. This, suggests that endothelial cells can internalize HMWK. Using 125I-HMWK it was demonstrated that cultured endothelial cells bind HMWK in a time-dependent, specific and saturable.way. The cells were found to internalize 125I-HMWK, since I-HMWK was detected in solubilized endothelial cells after the cell bound 125I-HMWK had been eluted with dextran sulphate.The binding of I-HMWK required the presence of zinc ions. Optimal binding of 125I-HMWK was observed at 50 μM Zn++ . Calcium ions inhibited the Zn++ dependent binding of 125I-HMWK |25EC. In the presence of 3 mM CaCl2 the total binding of 125I-HMWK was significantly decreased, and a .concentration of 200 μM Zn++ was Required for the binding of 125I-HMWK to thecells. Higher,. Ca concentrations did not further decrease the binding of 125I-HMWK. Analysis of tl^e binding data by the ligand computer program indicated 3.2 x 10 binding sites per cell for HMWK with a Kd of 35 nM at 50 μM ZnCl2 and 1 mM CaCl2. Specify binding of HMWK did also occur at physiological plasma Zn++ concentrations. Half maximal binding was observed at HMWK concentrations of ± 105 nM at 10 μM ZnCl2 and 45 nM at 25 μM ZnCl2. The HMWK binding sites were saturatecT at HMWK concentrations of 130 nM with 1.6 x 10 molecules of HMWK bound per cell and at 80 nM with 2.8 x 10 molecules of HMWK bound per cell at 10 and 25 pM ZnCl2 respectively. These results suggest that at physiological zinc, calcium and HMWK concentrations the HMWK binding sites on the endothelial cell are saturated. The presence of HMWK on the endothelial cell surface may play a role in the initiation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. M ZnCl2 and 45 nM at 25 μM ZnCl2. The HMWK binding sites were saturatecT at HMWK concentrations of 130 nM with 1.6 x 10 molecules of HMWK bound per cell and at 80 nM with 2.8 x 10 molecules of HMWK bound per cell at 10 and 25 μM ZnCl2 respectively. These results suggest that at physiological zinc, calcium and HMWK concentrations the HMWK binding sites on the endothelial cell are saturated. The presence of HMWK on the endothelial cell surface may play a role in the initiation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. M ZnCl2 and 45 nM at 25 μM ZnCl2. The HMWK binding sites were saturatecT at HMWK concentrations of 130 nM with 1.6 x 10 molecules of HMWK bound per cell and at 80 nM with 2.8 x 10 molecules of HMWK bound per cell at 10 and 25 μM ZnCl2 respectively. These results suggest that at physiological zinc, calcium and HMWK concentrations the HMWK binding sites on the endothelial cell are saturated. The presence of HMWK on the endothelial cell surface may play a role in the initiation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway. M ZnCl2 and 45 nM at 25 μM ZnCl2. The HMWK binding sites were saturatecT at HMWK concentrations of 130 nM with 1.6 x 10 molecules of HMWK bound per cell and at 80 nM with 2.8 x 10 molecules of HMWK bound per cell at 10 and 25 μM ZnCl2 respectively. These results suggest that at physiological zinc, calcium and HMWK concentrations the HMWK binding sites on the endothelial cell are saturated. The presence of HMWK on the endothelial cell surface may play a role in the initiation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway.M ZnCl2 and 45 nM at 25 μM ZnCl2. The HMWK binding sites were saturatecT at HMWK concentrations of 130 nM with 1.6 x 16 molecules of HMWK bound per cell and at 80 nM with 2.8 x 106 molecules of HMWK bound per cell at 10 and 25 μM ZnCl2 respectively. These results suggest that at physiological zinc, calcium and HMWK concentrations the HMWK binding sites on the endothelial cell are saturated. The presence of HMWK on the endothelial cell surface may play a role in the initiation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway.

scholarly journals Dysfunction of annexin A2 contributes to hyperglycaemia-induced loss of human endothelial cell surface fibrinolytic activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (06) ◽  
pp. 1070-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanyang Yu ◽  
Xiang Fan ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Min Yan ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Annexin A2 ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Endothelial Cell Surface ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryHyperglycaemia impairs fibrinolytic activity on the surface of endothelial cells, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that hyperglycaemia causes dysfunction of the endothelial membrane protein annexin A2, thereby leading to an overall reduction of fibrinolytic activity. Hyperglycaemia for 7 days significantly reduced cell surface fibrinolytic activity in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Hyperglycaemia also decreased tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen, and annexin A2 mRNA and protein expression, while increasing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). No changes in p11 mRNA or protein expression were detected. Hyperglycaemia significantly increased AGE-modified forms of total cellular and membrane annexin A2. The hyperglycemia-associated reduction in fibrinolytic activity was fully restored upon incubation with recombinant annexin A2 (rA2), but not AGE-modified annexin A2 or exogenous t-PA. Hyperglycaemia decreased t-PA, upregulated PAI-1 and induced AGE-related disruption of annexin A2 function, all of which contributed to the overall reduction in endothelial cell surface fibrinolytic activity. Further investigations to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological implications of A2 derivatisation might ultimately lead to a better understanding of mechanisms of impaired vascular fibrinolysis, and to development of new interventional strategies for the thrombotic vascular complications in diabetes.

scholarly journals Haemophilus somnus Induces Apoptosis in Bovine Endothelial Cells In Vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1650-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt J. Sylte ◽  
Lynette B. Corbeil ◽  
Thomas J. Inzana ◽  
Charles J. Czuprynski
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Endothelial Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Haemophilus Somnus ◽  
Bovine Endothelial Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT Haemophilus somnus causes pneumonia, reproductive failure, infectious myocarditis, thrombotic meningoencephalitis, and other diseases in cattle. Although vasculitis is commonly seen as a result of systemic H. somnus infections, the pathogenesis of vascular damage is poorly characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that H. somnus (pathogenic isolates 649, 2336, and 8025 and asymptomatic carrier isolates 127P and 129Pt) induce apoptosis of bovine endothelial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as determined by Hoechst 33342 staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-FITC nick end labeling, DNA fragmentation, and transmission electron microscopy. H. somnus induced endothelial cell apoptosis in as little as 1 h of incubation and did not require extracellular growth of the bacteria. Viable H. somnus organisms induced greater endothelial cell apoptosis than heat-killed organisms. Since viableH. somnus cells release membrane fibrils and blebs, which contain lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and immunoglobulin binding proteins, we examined culture filtrates for their ability to induce endothelial cell apoptosis. Culture filtrates induced similar levels of endothelial cell apoptosis, as did viable H. somnus organisms. Heat inactivation of H. somnus culture filtrates partially reduced the apoptotic effect on endothelial cells, which suggested the presence of both heat-labile and heat-stable factors. We found thatH. somnus LOS, which is heat stable, induced endothelial cell apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner and was inhibited by the addition of polymyxin B. These data demonstrate that H. somnus and its LOS induce endothelial cell apoptosis, which may play a role in producing vasculitis in vivo.

scholarly journals Tumor necrosis factor induction of endothelial cell urokinase-type plasminogen activator mediated proteolysis of extracellular matrix and its antagonism by gamma-interferon

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 678-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Niedbala ◽  
MS Picarella
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ecm Degradation ◽  
Ifn Treatment ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Pai 1

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has a profound capacity to alter the endothelial cell phenotype that includes morphologic and functional changes that may be central for proinflammatory processes. Recent observations have indicated that TNF can promote the synthesis and secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in low passage human endothelial cells that normally release little uPA. In this report we have confirmed and expanded upon these initial observations in human endothelial cells and describe the ability of gamma-interferon (gamma- IFN) to inhibit TNF-induced uPA synthesis and secretion in a dose- dependent manner (0.025 to 25 ng/mL). Analysis of cell-free conditioned medium derived from gamma-IFN-treated cultures by micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodologies using uPA- and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1)-specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) indicate that the decrease in uPA activity observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) zymography is a direct result of a decrease in extracellular uPA antigen and is not a consequence of increased PAI-1 antigen. These findings are supported by Northern blot analyses that indicate that gamma-IFN treatment of endothelial cells resulted in a decreased steady state level of uPA messenger RNA (mRNA) with no measurable change in PAI-1 mRNA. This inhibitory response is specific for gamma-IFN because alpha-IFN fails to elicit a similar inhibitory response. In addition, TNF augmented extracellular proteolysis of radiolabeled subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) in a dose-dependent manner. The observed increase in ECM degradation mediated by TNF treatment of endothelial cells was dependent on the presence of plasminogen and could be inhibited by an anticatalytic uPA MoAb implying the requirement of proteolytically active uPA in this process. gamma-IFN (25 ng/mL) treatment of endothelial cells antagonized TNF-promoted degradation of radiolabeled ECM at a concentration that completely inhibited TNF- mediated uPA expression and activity. In addition, endothelial cells treated with TNF (18 hours) displayed the ability to invade ECM and reorganize individual cells into tube-like structures that were not evident in untreated control cultures when grown on Matrigel-coated culture dishes. gamma-IFN treatment of endothelial cells propagated on Matrigel was observed to inhibit TNF-mediated ECM invasion and tube formation at concentrations that were analogous to those required for the inhibition of uPA expression and activity. In summary, these observations suggest a novel homeostatic control mechanism for endothelial cell regulation of subendothelial ECM degradation promoted by TNF and inhibited by gamma-IFN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS).

Factor XIIIa supports microvascular endothelial cell adhesion and inhibits capillary tube formation in fibrin

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 2586-2592
Author(s):  
Susan M. Dallabrida ◽  
Lisa A. Falls ◽  
David H. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Factor Xiiia ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Endothelial Cell Adhesion

Coagulation factor XIIIa is a transglutaminase that catalyzes covalent cross-link formation in fibrin clots. In this report, we demonstrate that factor XIIIa also mediates adhesion of endothelial cells and inhibits capillary tube formation in fibrin. The adhesive activity of factor XIIIa was not dependent on the transglutaminase activity, and did not involve the factor XIIIb-subunits. The adhesion was inhibited by 99% using a combination of monoclonal antibodies directed against integrin vβ3 and β1-containing integrins, and was dependent on Mg2+ or Mn2+. Soluble factor XIIIa also bound to endothelial cells in solution, as detected by flow cytometry. In addition, factor XIIIa inhibited endothelial cell capillary tube formation in fibrin in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the extent of inhibition differed in 2 types of fibrin. The addition of 10 to 100 μg/mL factor XIIIa produced a dose-dependent reduction in capillary tube formation of 60% to 100% in γA/γA fibrin, but only a 10% to 37% decrease in γA/γ′ fibrin. These results show that factor XIIIa supports endothelial cell adhesion in an integrin-dependent manner and inhibits capillary tube formation.

Endothelial adhesion molecules and their role in inflammation

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wayne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Endothelial Cell Surface

The emigration of leukocytes such as neutrophils into inflammatory sites requires adhesion to the endothelium of small venules. The initial adhesive event is margination characterized by rolling of neutrophils along the luminal surface of the endothelium. Each member of the selectin family of adhesion molecules has been shown to support neutrophil rolling under conditions of flow. E-selectin is synthesized by endothelial cells following cytokine stimulation, P-selectin is rapidly mobilized from Weibel–Palade bodies to the endothelial cell surface following stimulation with agents such as histamine, and L-selectin is constitutively expressed on the surface of leukocytes. Each selectin functions primarily as a lectin, recognizing carbohydrate structures on the leukocyte or endothelial cell surface. Once the marginated neutrophil forms a stationary adhesion with endothelial cells, it is stimulated by chemotactic factors to downregulate the selectin-based adhesion and upregulate adherence dependent on β2-integrins, principally CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1). These adhesion molecules interact with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and possibly other structures on the endothelial cell, and the leukocyte rapidly emigrates into surrounding tissue. Transendothelial migration in vitro is markedly inhibited by monoclonal antibodies against CD18 integrins or ICAM-1. Monoclonal antibodies against the selectins, CD18, CD11a, CD11b, and ICAM-1 have all been shown to significantly reduce the influx of neutrophils into sites of inflammation in various animal models.Key words: adhesion, integrins, selectins, leukocytes, endothelial cells.

scholarly journals Role of protein kinase C in tumor necrosis factor induction of endothelial cell urokinase-type plasminogen activator

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 2608-2617 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Niedbala ◽  
M Stein-Picarella
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Pkc Inhibitors ◽  
Tnf Induction ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Pai 1

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can promote endothelial cell transcription, synthesis, and secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) augmenting extracellular matrix remodeling and influencing cellular differentiation. In this report, the role of the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway in mediating TNF induction of uPA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells is described. The PKC inhibitors (H-7, staurosporine, and calphostin C), but not HA-1004, inhibited TNF-induced uPA expression, synthesis, and secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of cell-free conditioned medium obtained from PKC inhibitor- treated cultures by micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methodologies using uPA- and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1)-specific monoclonal antibodies indicate that the decrease in uPA activity observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis zymography was a direct result of decreased extracellular uPA antigen and not a consequence of increased PAI-1 antigen. The effect of PKC inhibitors was specific for TNF-mediated increased uPA expression because cytokine induction of PAI-1 was not influenced by these agents. Northern blot analyses also showed that PKC inhibitor treatment of endothelial cells resulted in a decreased steady- state level of uPA mRNA with no measurable change in PAI-1 mRNA in cultures incubated with TNF. Downregulation of cellular PKC by 18 hours of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) pretreatment of endothelial cell cultures abolished TNF-mediated extracellular uPA induction. This effect was specific for PMA because 4-alpha PMA pretreatment of cells, which does not stimulate PKC, was ineffective in altering TNF induction of endothelial cell uPA. Induction of PKC directly with PMA, mezerein, and (-)-octylindolactam V increased endothelial cell levels of extracellular uPA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, this increase in endothelial cell extracellular uPA activity mediated by PKC agonists could be inhibited with PKC inhibitors. Endothelial cells treated with TNF acquire the ability to invade extracellular matrix and reorganize into tube-like structures when grown on Matrigel- coated culture dishes, a behavior blocked by H-7, but not by HA 1004. In summary, these data implicate a role for the PKC pathway in the TNF- mediated induction of uPA expression, subsequent matrix remodeling, and the formation of tube-like structures, a process important in neovascularization, wound healing, and leukocyte extravasation.

scholarly journals Taohong Siwu (TSW) decoction enhances angiogenesis by regulation of VHL/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Tang ◽  
Wangyang Li ◽  
Hongzan Xie ◽  
Shengping Jiang ◽  
Yunqing Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vegf Pathway ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Aortic Endothelial

Abstract Background: The incidence of bone fracture and bone-related diseases is increasing year by year. Angiogenesis plays vital role in fracture healing and bone repair. In this study, we assessed the effect of Taohong Siwu (TSW) decoction on angiogenesis by treatment of isolated rat aortic endothelial cell with TSW-containing serum. Method: First, TSW-containing serum was prepared from male Sprague-Dawley by intragastrically administration of TSW decoction. Then, isolated aortic endothelial cells were treated with different dose of TSW-containing serum. The effect of TSW-containing serum on the viability/proliferation of aortic endothelial cells were examined by MTT assay. The effects of TSW-containing serum on endothelial cell invasion, migration/spreading were detected by trans-well assay and scratch/wound-healing assay respectively. In addition, the effect of HIF-1α inhibitor on TSW-induced cell invasion and migration was also assessed. Moreover, the effect of TSW-containing serum on the expression of HIF-1α signaling pathway related protein, including HIF-1α, VHL and VEGF was detected by qRT-PCR and western-blot. Results: Our results showed that TSW decoction significantly increased the endothelial viability, invasion and wound-healing in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, these enhanced effects induced by TSW were attenuated by HIF-1α inhibitor. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that TSW-containing serum increased the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in a dose-dependent manner, while decreased the expression of VHL slightly. These effects induced by TSW were reversed by HIF-1α inhibitor. Conclusion: In summary these results for the first time suggested that TSW decoction enhances the angiogenesis by regulating of VHL/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway.

Autoantibodies Against the Fibrinolytic Receptor, Annexin 2, in Antiphospholipid Syndrome.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 134-134
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cesarman ◽  
Nina P. Ríos-Luna ◽  
Arunkumar B. Deora ◽  
Maria del Carmen Cravioto ◽  
Donato Alarcón-Segovia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Endothelial Cell Surface ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Annexin 2

Abstract The association of thrombosis, obstetric morbidity, and hemocytopenias with antiphospholipid antibodies is termed antiphospholipid syndrome. Annexin 2 is a profibrinolytic endothelial cell surface receptor that binds plasminogen, its tissue activator (tPA), and beta-2-glycoprotein-I, the main antigen for antiphospholipid antibodies. Here we evaluate annexin 2 as a target antigen in antiphospholipid syndrome. Serum samples from 434 individuals (206 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without thrombosis, 62 with antiphospholipid syndrome, 21 with non-autoimmune thrombosis, and 145 healthy individuals) were analyzed by ELISA and immunoblotting for antiphospholipid and annexin 2 antibodies. IgG was purified and the effect of anti-annexin 2 antibodies on human umbilical vein endothelial cell activation and cell surface plasmin generation were evaluated. Anti-annexin 2 antibodies (titer >3SD) were significantly more prevalent in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (22.6%, venous 17.5%, arterial 34.3% and mixed thrombosis 40.4%), than in healthy individuals (2.1%, p<0.001), patients with non-autoimmune thrombosis (0%, p=0.017) or patients with lupus without thrombosis (6.3%, p<0.001). Anti-annexin 2 antibodies enhanced the expression of tissue factor, a procoagulant protein, on endothelial cells (6.4 fold ± 0.13 SE), and blocked the fibrinolytic cofactor activity of purified placental annexin 2 in a tissue plasminogen activator-dependent plasmin generation assay (19 – 71%), independently of beta-2-glycoprotein-I. Similarly, cell surface plasmin generation on human umbilical vein endothelial cells was inhibited by 34–83%. We conclude that antibodies against the fibrinolytic receptor annexin 2 are significantly associated with thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome, and that anti-annexin 2 antibodies activate endothelial cells and inhibit endothelial cell surface-localized plasmin generation. We propose that these mechanisms contribute to the prothrombotic tendency in antiphospholipid syndrome.

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