Lipid metabolism and vesicle trafficking: More than just greasing the transport machinery

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R McMaster
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Vesicle Trafficking ◽  
Vesicle Transport ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Membrane Fission ◽  
Intracellular Vesicles ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Specific Lipid

The movement of lipids from their sites of synthesis to ultimate intracellular destinations must be coordinated with lipid metabolic pathways to ensure overall lipid homeostasis is maintained. Thus, lipids would be predicted to play regulatory roles in the movement of vesicles within cells. Recent work has highlighted how specific lipid metabolic events can affect distinct vesicle trafficking steps and has resulted in our first glimpses of how alterations in lipid metabolism participate in the regulation of intracellular vesicles. Specifically, (i) alterations in sphingolipid metabolism affect the ability of SNAREs to fuse membranes, (ii) sterols are required for efficient endocytosis, (iii) glycerophospholipids and phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols regulate Golgi-mediated vesicle transport, (iv) lipid acylation is required for efficient vesicle transport mediated membrane fission, and (v) the addition of glycosylphosphatidylinositol lipid anchors to proteins orders them into distinct domains that result in their preferential sorting from other vesicle destined protein components in the endoplasmic reticulum. This review describes the experimental evidence that demonstrates a role for lipid metabolism in the regulation of specific vesicle transport events.Key words: vesicle transport, trafficking, lipid, sterol, metabolism.

scholarly journals Trypanosoma cruziInfection and Host Lipid Metabolism

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Miao ◽  
Momar Ndao
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
The Status ◽  
Potential Impact

Trypanosoma cruziis the causative agent of Chagas disease. Approximately 8 million people are thought to be affected worldwide. Several players in host lipid metabolism have been implicated inT. cruzi-host interactions in recent research, including macrophages, adipocytes, low density lipoprotein (LDL), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and high density lipoprotein (HDL). All of these factors are required to maintain host lipid homeostasis and are intricately connected via several metabolic pathways. We reviewed the interaction ofT. cruziwith each of the relevant host components, in order to further understand the roles of host lipid metabolism inT. cruziinfection. This review sheds light on the potential impact ofT. cruziinfection on the status of host lipid homeostasis.

scholarly journals High Fat Activates O-GlcNAcylation and Affects AMPK/ACC Pathway to Regulate Lipid Metabolism

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1740
Author(s):  
Yuning Pang ◽  
Xiang Xu ◽  
Xiaojun Xiang ◽  
Yongnan Li ◽  
Zengqi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dual Inhibitor ◽  
Regulate Lipid Metabolism

A high-fat diet often leads to excessive fat deposition and adversely affects the organism. However, the mechanism of liver fat deposition induced by high fat is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed at acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) to explore the mechanism of excessive liver deposition induced by high fat. In the present study, the ORF of ACC1 and ACC2 were cloned and characterized. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein of ACC1 and ACC2 were increased in liver fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or in hepatocytes incubated with oleic acid (OA). The phosphorylation of ACC was also decreased in hepatocytes incubated with OA. Moreover, AICAR dramatically improved the phosphorylation of ACC, and OA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of the AMPK/ACC pathway. Further experiments showed that OA increased global O-GlcNAcylation and agonist of O-GlcNAcylation significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. Importantly, the disorder of lipid metabolism caused by HFD or OA could be rescued by treating CP-640186, the dual inhibitor of ACC1 and ACC2. These observations suggested that high fat may activate O-GlcNAcylation and affect the AMPK/ACC pathway to regulate lipid synthesis, and also emphasized the importance of the role of ACC in lipid homeostasis.

scholarly journals Placental 13C-DHA metabolism and relationship with maternal BMI, glycemia and birthweight

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver C. Watkins ◽  
Preben Selvam ◽  
Reshma Appukuttan Pillai ◽  
Victoria K. B. Cracknell-Hazra ◽  
Hannah E. J. Yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fasting Glycemia ◽  
Glucose Treatment ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Abstract Background Fetal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supply relies on preferential transplacental transfer, which is regulated by placental DHA lipid metabolism. Maternal hyperglycemia and obesity associate with higher birthweight and fetal DHA insufficiency but the role of placental DHA metabolism is unclear. Methods Explants from 17 term placenta were incubated with 13C-labeled DHA for 48 h, at 5 or 10 mmol/L glucose treatment, and the production of 17 individual newly synthesized 13C-DHA labeled lipids quantified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Results Maternal BMI positively associated with 13C-DHA-labeled diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols, lysophospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens, while maternal fasting glycemia positively associated with five 13C-DHA triacylglycerols. In turn, 13C-DHA-labeled phospholipids and triacylglycerols positively associated with birthweight centile. In-vitro glucose treatment increased most 13C-DHA-lipids, but decreased 13C-DHA phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens. However, with increasing maternal BMI, the magnitude of the glucose treatment induced increase in 13C-DHA phosphatidylcholine and 13C-DHA lysophospholipids was curtailed, with further decline in 13C-DHA phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens. Conversely, with increasing birthweight centile glucose treatment induced increases in 13C-DHA triacylglycerols were exaggerated, while glucose treatment induced decreases in 13C-DHA phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens were diminished. Conclusions Maternal BMI and glycemia increased the production of different placental DHA lipids implying impact on different metabolic pathways. Glucose-induced elevation in placental DHA metabolism is moderated with higher maternal BMI. In turn, findings of associations between many DHA lipids with birthweight suggest that BMI and glycemia promote fetal growth partly through changes in placental DHA metabolism.

scholarly journals Microbiome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Novel Interplay Between the Skin Microbiota and Plasma Metabolites in Psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Chen ◽  
Jingquan He ◽  
Jinping Li ◽  
Qian Zou ◽  
Jiawei Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Plasma Metabolome ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
New Evidence

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects millions of people worldwide. There is still no effective approach for the clinical treatment of psoriasis. This is largely due to the lack of understanding of the pathological mechanism. Here, we comprehensively characterized the skin microbiome and plasma metabolome alterations of psoriasis patients. We observed that some pathogenic bacteria, including Vibrio, were significantly increased in psoriasis patients. The metabolomics results showed alterations in some metabolic pathways, especially pathways for lipid metabolism. In addition, microbiome-specific metabolites, including bile acids and kynurenine, were significantly changed. Correlation analysis revealed the interplay between the skin microbiota and plasma metabolites, especially between Vibrio and several lipids. Our results provide new evidence for the interplay between the skin microbiome and plasma metabolites, which is dramatically disrupted in psoriasis patients. This study also revealed the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

scholarly journals Expression of Penaeidins 3a in Transgenic Duckweed Confers Antibacterial Ability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yang ◽  
Jinge Sun ◽  
Qiuting Ren ◽  
Xu Ma ◽  
Yaya Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Protein Enrichment ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Abstract Background With the development of aquaculture, fish and shrimp diseases have been paid more and more attention in the world. How to improve the immunity of aquatic animals was an urgent problem to be solved. Duckweed (Lemnacecae), as a eukaryote, could be an ideal feedstock for the production of antimicrobial peptides. Result Penaeidins 3a (Pen 3a) from Litopenaeus vannamei was expressed under the control of CaMV-35S promoter in duckweed, Lemna turionifera 5511. Bacteriostatic test by Pen3a duckweed extract showed the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Transcriptome analysis of WT and Pen3a duckweed showed different results, and the protein metabolic process was the most up-regulated DEGs. In Pen 3a transgenic duckweed, the expression of sphingolipid metabolism and phagocytosis process-related genes have been significantly up-regulated. Quantitative proteomics suggested a remarkable difference in protein enrichment in metabolic pathways. Conclusion Our study provide a novel solution on aquaculture and water purification. The Pen 3a transgenic duckweed extraction inhibit the growth of gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, which could be applied to control the bacteria in lake. The results could lay the foundation for the subsequent production of antibiotics.

The modified mitochondrial outer membrane carrier MTCH2 links mitochondrial fusion to lipogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 220 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Labbé ◽  
Shona Mookerjee ◽  
Maxence Le Vasseur ◽  
Eddy Gibbs ◽  
Chad Lerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Mitochondrial Fusion ◽  
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier ◽  
Cellular Survival ◽  
Mitochondrial Elongation ◽  
Specific Lipid

Mitochondrial function is integrated with cellular status through the regulation of opposing mitochondrial fusion and division events. Here we uncover a link between mitochondrial dynamics and lipid metabolism by examining the cellular role of mitochondrial carrier homologue 2 (MTCH2). MTCH2 is a modified outer mitochondrial membrane carrier protein implicated in intrinsic cell death and in the in vivo regulation of fatty acid metabolism. Our data indicate that MTCH2 is a selective effector of starvation-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion, a cytoprotective response to nutrient deprivation. We find that MTCH2 stimulates mitochondrial fusion in a manner dependent on the bioactive lipogenesis intermediate lysophosphatidic acid. We propose that MTCH2 monitors flux through the lipogenesis pathway and transmits this information to the mitochondrial fusion machinery to promote mitochondrial elongation, enhanced energy production, and cellular survival under homeostatic and starvation conditions. These findings will help resolve the roles of MTCH2 and mitochondria in tissue-specific lipid metabolism in animals.

scholarly journals Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies Key Metabolic Pathways Altered by Thymoquinone in Leukemic Cancer Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Ahmed AlGhamdi ◽  
Mohammed Razeeth Shait Mohammed ◽  
Mazin A. Zamzami ◽  
Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki ◽  
Mohamad Hasan Qari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Untargeted Metabolomics ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Cell Survival

Thymoquinone (TQ), a naturally occurring anticancer compound extracted from Nigella sativa oil, has been extensively reported to possess potent anti-cancer properties. Experimental studies showed the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-metastatic effects of TQ on different cancer cells. One of the possible mechanisms underlying these effects includes alteration in key metabolic pathways that are critical for cancer cell survival. However, an extensive landscape of the metabolites altered by TQ in cancer cells remains elusive. Here, we performed an untargeted metabolomics study using leukemic cancer cell lines during treatment with TQ and found alteration in approximately 335 metabolites. Pathway analysis showed alteration in key metabolic pathways like TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and nucleotide metabolism, which are critical for leukemic cell survival and death. We found a dramatic increase in metabolites like thymine glycol in TQ-treated cancer cells, a metabolite known to induce DNA damage and apoptosis. Similarly, we observed a sharp decline in cellular guanine levels, important for leukemic cancer cell survival. Overall, we provided an extensive metabolic landscape of leukemic cancer cells and identified the key metabolites and pathways altered, which could be critical and responsible for the anti-proliferative function of TQ.

scholarly journals Untargeted Metabolomics and Polyamine Profiling in Serum before and after Surgery in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Yu Ra Lee ◽  
Ki-Yong An ◽  
Justin Jeon ◽  
Nam Kyu Kim ◽  
Ji Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Proline Metabolism ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Targeted Metabolomics ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients

Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in Korea and globally. In this study, we aimed to characterize the differential serum metabolomic profiles between pre-operative and post-operative patients with colorectal cancer. To investigate the significant metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with colorectal cancer, we analyzed serum samples from 68 patients (aged 20–71, mean 57.57 years). Untargeted and targeted metabolomics profiling in patients with colorectal cancer were performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Untargeted analysis identified differences in sphingolipid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and arginine and proline metabolism in pre- and post-operative patients with colorectal cancer. We then performed quantitative target profiling of polyamines, synthesized from arginine and proline metabolism, to identify potential polyamines that may serve as effective biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Results indicate a significantly reduced serum concentration of putrescine in post-operative patients compared to pre-operative patients. Our metabolomics approach provided insights into the physiological alterations in patients with colorectal cancer after surgery.

scholarly journals Circadian clock control of hepatic lipid metabolism: role of small heterodimer partner (Shp)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1158-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Suthat Liangpunsakul
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Pas Domain ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Small Heterodimer Partner ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
Clock Mechanism

Hepatic steatosis, the accumulation of triglyceride droplets in the hepatocytes, is a common hepatic pathology seen in subjects with obesity/metabolic syndrome and those with excessive alcohol use. The pathogenesis underlying hepatic steatosis is complex. Recent studies have shown the specific role played by the molecular clock mechanism in the control of lipid metabolism and that the disruption of these tissue clocks may lead to the disturbances in lipid homeostasis. This review reports a novel role of small heterodimer partner in maintaining triglyceride and lipoprotein homeostasis through neuronal PAS domain protein 2.

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