Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA using the M13 core sequence of the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora margarita and Gigaspora gigantea

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Gadkar ◽  
Alok Adholeya ◽  
T. Satyanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Root Organ Culture ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Fingerprint Pattern

Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi are obligate symbionts, and a primary benefit provided to the host is the alleviation of stress. The recalcitrance of these fungi to grow in pure culture has spurred researchers to develop an alternative form of cultivation, namely the root organ culture (ROC). This synthetic form of production is new and efforts were made to use randomly amplified polymorphic DNA with the M13 minisatellite sequence as the polymerase chain reaction primer to look into polymorphism, if any, in the spores of Gigaspora margarita produced both in vitro and in situ (soil). The fingerprint patterns obtained from in vitro and in situ spores were similar. Extramatrical structures, such as auxiliary cells, were also examined by DNA fingerprinting. Their amplification pattern did not vary from the mother or daughter spores. A few interesting observations were made. For instance, the mother spore, which seemed hollow and inactive after germination, nevertheless contained nuclei after 4 months under in vitro conditions and generated a fingerprint pattern. The fingerprint pattern for Gigaspora margarita was different from that of Gigaspora gigantea, indicating that the minisatellite sequence could be exploited for identifying VAM fungi. ROC appears to be a truly representative system, in the sense that it mimics the essential features of the complex rhizosphere, allowing the fungi to complete their life cycle without any induced genetic changes per se. Key words : root organ culture, arbuscular mycorrhiza, M13 minisatellite sequence, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA.

scholarly journals A Protocol on in Vitro Propagation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi using Root Organ Culture Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Root Organ Culture

 The technique of in vitro propagation of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi has been developed over the past few decades and opens up areas of studying plant-fungi interactions. It is a scientific break through, especially for the study of the Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, since these obligate symbionts depend on host plant. The objective of this paper is to find out the in vitro culture of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi using Root Organ Culture technique. Ascertain of root colonization of these fungi could be affected in vitro without undertaking complex and complicated culture conditions. This could form an economically viable technique for root organ culture of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Using Flavonoids to Control in vitro Development of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Phillips ◽  
Yoram Kapulnik
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and other beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms, such as Rhizobium bacteria, must locate and infect a host plant before either symbiont profits. Although benefits of the VAM association for increased phosphorous uptake have been widely documented, attempts to improve the fungus and to produce agronomically useful amounts of inoculum have failed due to a lack of in vitro production methods. This project was designed to extend our prior observation that the alfalfa flavonoid quercetin promoted spore germination and hyphal growth of VAM fungi in the absence of a host plant. On the Israeli side of the project, a detailed examination of changes in flavonoids and flavonoid-biosynthetic enzymes during the early stages of VAM development in alfalfa found that VAM fungi elicited and then suppressed transcription of a plant gene coding for chalcone isomerase, which normally is associated with pathogenic infections. US workers collaborated in the identification of flavonoid compounds that appeared during VAM development. On the US side, an in vitro system for testing the effects of plant compounds on fungal spore germination and hyphal growth was developed for use, and intensive analyses of natural products released from alfalfa seedlings grown in the presence and absence of microorganisms were conducted. Two betaines, trigonelline and stachydrine, were identified as being released from alfalfa seeds in much higher concentrations than flavonoids, and these compounds functioned as transcriptional signals to another alfalfa microsymbiont, Rhizobium meliloti. However, these betaines had no effect on VAM spore germination or hyphal growth i vitro. Experiments showed that symbiotic bacteria elicited exudation of the isoflavonoids medicarpin and coumestrol from legume roots, but neither compound promoted growth or germination of VAM fungi in vitro. Attempts to look directly in alfalfa rhizosphere soil for microbiologically active plant products measured a gradient of nod-gene-inducing activity in R. meliloti, but no novel compounds were identified for testing in the VAM fungal system in vitro. Israeli field experiments on agricultural applications of VAM were very successful and developed methods for using VAM to overcome stunting in peanuts and garlic grown in Israel. In addition, deleterious effects of soil solarization on growth of onion, carrot and wheat were linked to effects on VAM fungi. A collaborative combination of basic and applied approaches toward enhancing the agronomic benefits of VAM asociations produced new knowledge on symbiotic biology and successful methods for using VAM inocula under field conditions

scholarly journals Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi using In vitro Root Organ Culture and Phenolic Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1985-1994
Author(s):  
Sawsan Abd Ellatif ◽  
Eman Abdullah M. Ali ◽  
Hoda H. Senousy ◽  
Elsayed S. Abdel Razik
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Organ Culture

Susceptibility of barley cultivars to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Glomus Species ◽  
The University

The relative susceptibility of selected barley cultivars produced in western Canada to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi under field and greenhouse conditions was evaluated in this study. Cultivars tested under field conditions at the University of Alberta and Lacombe research stations showed no significant differences in VAM colonization of barley roots; colonization was light. Greenhouse trials at the University of Alberta with eight cultivars inoculated with individual mycorrhizal species illustrated significant differences among the barley cultivars in their reactions to Glomus dimorphicum, G. intraradices, and G. mosseae. Distinct differences were observed in the ability of each Glomus species to colonize the barley cultivars. The VAM fungi increased growth and yield in some cultivars, depending on the Glomus species. This study indicates that a degree of host-specificity exists in VAM fungi and that the host-mycorrhizal fungus genotypes may influence the effectiveness of the symbiosis. Key words: Barley, cultivars, susceptibility, VA mycorrhizal fungi

scholarly journals Enhanced N-Transfer from a Soybean to Maize by Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (VAM) Fungi

1985 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 562-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher van Kessel ◽  
Paul W. Singleton ◽  
Heinz J. Hoben
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Continuous and long-term monoxenic culture of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora decipiens in root organ culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Fernández Bidondo ◽  
Mariana Pergola ◽  
Vanesa Silvani ◽  
Roxana Colombo ◽  
Josefina Bompadre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Monoxenic Culture ◽  
Root Organ Culture

Field nursery inoculation of Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. seedling rootstock with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi

1992 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ikram ◽  
A. W. Mahmud ◽  
M. N. Ghani ◽  
M. T. Ibrahim ◽  
A. B. Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Field Nursery
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