The sap-staining fungus Ophiostoma piceae synthesizes different types of melanin in different growth media

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Eagen ◽  
Anne Brisson ◽  
Colette Breuil
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Lumber Industry ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae ◽  
Different Types

Sap-staining fungi, in particular Ophiostoma piceae, cause significant economic problems for Canada's lumber industry. For O. piceae and a few other staining fungi, the dark pigment is melanin. The choice of carbon and nitrogen sources added as supplements to a basic liquid mineral medium affected the colour and characteristics of the pigment produced by O. piceae. The mycelia became coloured early during the active growth phase and the colour reached a maximum intensity during the stationary growth phase.Key words: melanin, growth, Ophiostoma piceae, pigmentation, sap-staining fungus.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and metabolomic responses to carbon and nitrogen sources in Methylomicrobium album BG8

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Sugden ◽  
Marina Lazic ◽  
Dominic Sauvageau ◽  
Lisa Y. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Methylomicrobium Album

ABSTRACTMethanotrophs use methane as their sole carbon and energy source and represent an attractive platform for converting single-carbon feedstocks into value-added compounds. Optimizing these species for biotechnological applications involves choosing an optimal growth substrate based on an understanding of cellular responses to different nutrients. Although many studies of methanotrophs have examined growth rate, yield, and central carbon flux in cultures grown with different carbon and nitrogen sources, few studies have examined more global cellular responses to different media. Here, we evaluated global transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of Methylomicrobium album BG8 when grown with methane or methanol as the carbon source and nitrate or ammonium as the nitrogen source. We identified five key physiological changes during growth on methanol: M. album BG8 cultures upregulated transcripts for the Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways for sugar catabolism, produced more ribosomes, remodeled its phospholipid membrane, activated various stress response systems, and upregulated glutathione-dependent formaldehyde detoxification. When using ammonium, M. album BG8 upregulated haoAB hydroxylamine dehydrogenase and the overall central metabolic activity; whereas when using nitrate, cultures upregulated genes for nitrate assimilation and conversion. Overall, we identified several nutrient source-specific responses that could provide a valuable basis for future research on the biotechnological optimization of these species.IMPORTANCEMethanotrophs are gaining increasing interest for their biotechnological potential to convert single-carbon compounds into value-added products such as industrial chemicals, fuels, and bioplastics. Optimizing these species for biotechnological applications requires a detailed understanding of how cellular activity and metabolism varies across different growth substrates. Although each of the two most commonly used carbon sources (methane or methanol) and nitrogen sources (ammonium or nitrate) in methanotroph growth media have well-described advantages and disadvantages in an industrial context, their effects on global cellular activity remain poorly characterized. Here, we comprehensively describe the transcriptomic and metabolomic changes that characterize the growth of an industrially promising methanotroph strain on multiple combinations of carbon and nitrogen sources. Our results represent a more holistic evaluation of cellular activity than previous studies of core metabolic pathways and provide a valuable basis for the future biotechnological optimization of these species.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and metabolomic responses to carbon and nitrogen sources in Methylomicrobium album BG8

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Sugden ◽  
Marina Lazic ◽  
Dominic Sauvageau ◽  
Lisa Y. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Methylomicrobium Album

Methanotrophs use methane as their sole carbon and energy source and represent an attractive platform for converting single-carbon feedstocks into value-added compounds. Optimizing these species for biotechnological applications involves choosing an optimal growth substrate based on an understanding of cellular responses to different nutrients. Although many studies of methanotrophs have examined growth rate, yield, and central carbon flux in cultures grown with different carbon and nitrogen sources, few studies have examined more global cellular responses to different media. Here, we evaluated global transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of Methylomicrobium album BG8 when grown with methane or methanol as the carbon source and nitrate or ammonium as the nitrogen source. We identified five key physiological changes during growth on methanol: M. album BG8 cultures upregulated transcripts for the Entner-Doudoroff and pentose phosphate pathways for sugar catabolism, produced more ribosomes, remodeled the phospholipid membrane, activated various stress response systems, and upregulated glutathione-dependent formaldehyde detoxification. When using ammonium, M. album BG8 upregulated hydroxylamine dehydrogenase (haoAB) and overall central metabolic activity, whereas when using nitrate, cultures upregulated genes for nitrate assimilation and conversion. Overall, we identified several nutrient source-specific responses that could provide a valuable basis for future research on the biotechnological optimization of these species. IMPORTANCE Methanotrophs are gaining increasing interest for their biotechnological potential to convert single-carbon compounds into value-added products such as industrial chemicals, fuels, and bioplastics. Optimizing these species for biotechnological applications requires a detailed understanding of how cellular activity and metabolism varies across different growth substrates. Although each of the two most commonly used carbon sources (methane or methanol) and nitrogen sources (ammonium or nitrate) in methanotroph growth media have well-described advantages and disadvantages in an industrial context, their effects on global cellular activity remain poorly characterized. Here, we comprehensively describe the transcriptomic and metabolomic changes that characterize the growth of an industrially promising methanotroph strain on multiple combinations of carbon and nitrogen sources. Our results represent a more holistic evaluation of cellular activity than previous studies of core metabolic pathways and provide a valuable basis for the future biotechnological optimization of these species.

scholarly journals Optimization of the growth of and α-amylase production by Bacillus subtilis IP 5832 in shake flask and laboratory fermenter batch cultures

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 965-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Bozic ◽  
Jordi Ruiz ◽  
Josep López-Santín ◽  
Zoran Vujcic
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Shake Flask ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Amylase Production

Cell growth and the level of ?-amylase in response to the carbon and nitrogen sources used for the growth of the strain Bacillus subtilis IP 5832 were examined. Based on the amylase productivity level in shake flask cultures after 24 hours of growth, the growth medium containing starch and peptone was selected as the best medium. Amylase production was greatly reduced when glutamate or citrate as sources of carbon were used. Experiments performed at different initial concentrations of starch showed that although the strain grew well with all the starch concentration used, 0.5 % starch was necessary for maximum ?-amylase production, inducing 1.55 IU mL-1 of amylase to be secreted after 8 h of cultivation in shaking flasks. During the batch fermentation of B. subtilis IP 5832 strain in 2 L laboratory fermenter, a 60 % higher activity (2.5 IU mL-1) was obtained. The production of the enzyme was directly related to the growth of the strain. Maximum enzyme activity was obtained at the beginning of the stationary growth phase.

scholarly journals High level production of laccases and peroxidases from the newly isolated white-rot basidiomycete Marasmiellus palmivorus VE111 in a stirred-tank bioreactor in response to different carbon and nitrogen sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Daniel Hahn Schneider ◽  
Roselei Claudete Fontana ◽  
Simone Mendonça ◽  
Félix Gonçalves de Siqueira ◽  
Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Stirred Tank Bioreactor ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Production
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