A simple method for enumerating bacteriophages in soil

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Yin ◽  
L. R. Zeph ◽  
G. Stotzky
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Nonsterile Soil ◽  
Soil Particles

A plaque technique that uses antibiotic-resistant bacteria growing on antibiotic-containing agar for the assay lawn resulted in significantly better recovery of bacteriophages P1 of Escherichia coli and F116 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from nonsterile soil than standard membrane filtration or centrifugation techniques. Adsorption of the phages on soil particles appeared to be involved in their recovery and survival in soil.Key words: bacteriophages, soil, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, enumeration, filtration, centrifugation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli between Pristine and Human-Impacted Sites in a River

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Emi Nishimura ◽  
Masateru Nishiyama ◽  
Kei Nukazawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Downstream Site ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Significant Difference

Information on the actual existence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rivers where sewage, urban wastewater, and livestock wastewater do not load is essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water environments. This study compared the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli upstream and downstream of human habitation. The survey was conducted in the summer, winter, and spring seasons. Resistance to one or more antibiotics at upstream and downstream sites was on average 18% and 20%, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between the survey sites. The resistance rates at the upstream site (total of 98 isolated strains) to each antibiotic were cefazolin 17%, tetracycline 12%, and ampicillin 8%, in descending order. Conversely, for the downstream site (total of 89 isolated strains), the rates were ampicillin 16%, cefazolin 16%, and tetracycline 1% in descending order. The resistance rate of tetracycline in the downstream site was significantly lower than that of the upstream site. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that many strains showed different resistance profiles even in the same cluster of the Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. Moreover, the resistance profiles differed in the same cluster of the upstream and the downstream sites. In flowing from the upstream to the downstream site, it is plausible that E. coli transmitted or lacked the antibiotic resistance gene.

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Raw Meat from Retail Markets

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 474-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESTER HANKIN ◽  
SANDRA L. ANAGNOSTAKIS ◽  
JOHN J. REDYS
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Neomycin Sulfate ◽  
Meat Samples

Raw meat samples from retail markets were examined for bacteria resistant to chloramphenicol and neomycin sulfate. Total numbers of bacteria ranged from 17,000 to 30,000,000 per gram and resistant bacteria from < 100 to 450,000 per gram. Twelve isolates resistant to both antibiotics were identified as either Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida. or Pseudomonas fluorescens.

scholarly journals The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Escherichia coli, in municipal wastewater and river water

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Osińska ◽  
Ewa Korzeniewska ◽  
Monika Harnisz ◽  
Sebastian Niestępski ◽  
Piotr Jachimowicz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) which are transported to the natural environment with discharged effluents. Samples of untreated wastewater (UWW) and treated wastewater (TWW) from four municipal WWTPs and samples of river water collected upstream (URW) and downstream (DRW) from the effluent discharge point were analyzed in the study. The total counts of bacteria resistant to β-lactams and tetracyclines and the counts of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli were determined. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant E. coli, were removed with up to 99.9% efficiency in the evaluated WWTPs. Despite the above, ARB counts in TWW samples were high at up to 1.25x105 CFU/mL in winter and 1.25x103 CFU/mL in summer. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were also abundant (up to 103 CFU/ml) in URW and DRW samples collected in winter and summer. In both UWW and TWW samples, the counts of ARB and antibiotic-resistant E. coli were at least one order of magnitude lower in summer than in winter. The study revealed that despite the high efficiency of bacterial removal in the wastewater treatment processes, considerable amounts of ARB are released into the environment with TWW and that the percentage of ARB in total bacterial counts increases after wastewater treatment.

Impacts of urbanization on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in the Chaophraya River and its tributaries

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Honda ◽  
Toru Watanabe ◽  
Variga Sawaittayotin ◽  
Yoshifumi Masago ◽  
Rungnapa Chulasak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Resistance Ratio ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

River water samples were taken from 32 locations around the basin of Chaophraya River and its four major tributaries in Thailand to investigate resistance ratios of Escherichia coli isolates to eight antibiotic agents of amoxicillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, tetracycline, doxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. Principal component analysis was performed to characterize resistance patterns of the samples. Relevancy of the obtained principal components with urban land use and fecal contamination of the river were examined. The ratio of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is likely to increase when urban land use near the sampling site exceeds a certain ratio. The resistance ratio to fluoroquinolones tends to be high in a highly populated area. Meanwhile, no significant contribution of fecal contamination was found to increase the resistance ratio. These results suggest that an antibiotic-resistance ratio is dependent on conditions of local urbanization rather than the upstream conditions, and that the major sources of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the Chaophraya River basin are possibly point sources located in the urban area which contains a high ratio of resistant bacteria.

Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria in Raw Milk and Ability of Some to Transfer Antibiotic Resistance to Escherichia coli

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 950-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESTER HANKIN ◽  
GEORGE H. LACY ◽  
GEORGE R. STEPHENS ◽  
WALTER F. DILLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Neomycin Sulfate

Raw milk samples were examined for number and percentage of bacteria resistant to seven antibiotics: penicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, neomycin sulfate, polymyxin B sulfate, tetracycline and streptomycin sulfate. A significant negative correlation was found between the total aerobic count of the milk sample and the concentration (above 5 or 10% of the total count) of bacteria in each milk resistant to each of the antibiotics tested. Three of 42 gram-negative isolates were capable of transferring their antibiotic resistance to Escherichia coli. Substantial numbers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in raw milk were found and some survived pasteurization. Inspection of farms failed to indicate a relationship between farm practices or use of antibiotics in feed or as pharmaceuticals and number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the raw milk.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria from bile fluids of patients with gallstone disease in Isfahan city (Iran)

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-617
Author(s):  
Seyed-Masih Fatemi ◽  
Abbas Doosti ◽  
Hamid Tavakoli ◽  
Reza Moayednia ◽  
Payam Ghasemi-Dehkordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Bacterial infections are one of the important agents in the creation of gallstones in the gallbladder. In recent years the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as extended-spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBL) is increasing and of concern in hospitalized patients worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria from the bile specimens of patients with chronic and acute cholecystitis who had been operated by single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) in Isfahan (Iran) 2 using an antibiogram susceptibility test and molecular technique. The bile fluids of 91 patients were obtained from the Al-Zahra hospital and were cultured on specific media for the isolation of Gram-negative and positive bacteria and the disk diffusion test was done to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria. Finally, bacterial DNA was extracted from the bile samples and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to investigate extended-spectrum ?-lactamases genes. The bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in bile specimens cultured with high frequency, and the results showed that biliary infection increased with aging in patients with gallstone disease operated by SILC. The results showed a high frequency of ESBL genes including TEM, SHV, and CTX-M in isolated bacteria (especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.). Thus, evaluating the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and screening of ESBLs bacteria in patients with gallstones are essential. Prescribing suitable drugs, designing good strategies, and informing the medical community could decrease bile infection and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in clinical centers and hospitals.

scholarly journals Profile of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Slaughterhouse Effluents of Etoudi-Yaounde and Its Receiving Waterbody

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Merveille Tamema Masse ◽  
Romuald Jacques Samba Aloys ◽  
Brunelle Tchakounte Betbui
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Drug Resistance ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Wastewater Samples

The Profile of antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from slaughterhouse effluents of Etoudi-Yaounde, and its receiving waterbody (River Ako’o) were investigated. Wastewater samples were collected from abattoir outlet and along the river (pond, mid river and out-river). Resistance to amoxicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim, cefixime and kanamycin were determined. Resistance to amoxicillin was the highest (96.3 %), followed by sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim (85.1%), kanamycin (81.5 %), cefixime (81.3 %), tetracycline (80.9 %) and ciprofloxacin (73.6 %). Bacterial resistance was higher in October, compared to March and December. Higher resistance ratios were observed downstream at out-river (77.9 %). Enterobacteria constituted 80% of the isolates. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were the identified drug resistant bacteria, Escherichia coli was more prevalent (30.7%). All isolates were multi-resistant antibiotic resistant bacteria and some presented resistance to third generation cephalosporin. Wastewater from Etoudi-abattoir is a serious vector of the spread of bacterial drug resistance, thus, strategies towards hygiene and sanitation of the slaughterhouse and its effluents should be implemented. Key words: Antibiotic resistance, slaughterhouse wastewater, public health.

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