Denitrification by a novel halophilic fermentative bacterium

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wung Yang Shieh ◽  
Chia Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacterium ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Early Stationary Phase ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Fermentative Bacteria ◽  
Curved Rods

A novel halophilic heterotrophic bacterium, designated strain DN34, was isolated from seawater in Nanwan Bay of Renting National Park, Taiwan. It was Gram negative and facultatively anaerobic. Cells in late exponential to early stationary phase of growth were predominantly straight or curved rods, but Y- or V-shaped forms were also observed; straight and curved rods achieved motility by one to several lateral or subpolar flagella. The G+C content of the DNA was 51.7 mol%. Strain DN34 grew optimally at about 30 °C and pH 8.0. Growth depended on the presence of NaCl with optimal concentration at about 3%. Aerobically, strain DN34 grew much better and tolerated NaCl at a greater range of concentration with sufficient Mg2+and Ca2+than under deficient conditions; Mg2+or Ca2+was indispensable for growth under anaerobic conditions. The strain was capable of anaerobic growth by carrying out denitrifying metabolism using nitrate, nitrite, or nitrous oxide as terminal electron acceptors or, alternatively, by fermenting glucose or mannose as substrates. Halophilic heterotrophic bacteria capable of both denitrification and fermentation have not been reported previously.Key words: denitrification, denitrifying bacteria, halophilic bacteria, fermentative bacteria.

scholarly journals Pseudovibrio denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine, facultatively anaerobic, fermentative bacterium capable of denitrification

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2307-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wung Yang Shieh ◽  
Yu-Te Lin ◽  
Wen Dar Jean
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Early Stationary Phase ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Fermentative Growth ◽  
Curved Rods

Two denitrifying strains of heterotrophic, facultatively anaerobic, marine bacteria, designated DN34T and DN33, were isolated from sea-water samples collected in Nanwan Bay, Kenting National Park, Taiwan. They were Gram-negative. Cells in late exponential to early stationary phase of growth were predominantly straight or curved rods, but Y- or V-shaped forms were also observed. They were motile by means of one to several lateral or subpolar flagella. Both strains required NaCl for growth and exhibited optimal growth at about 30 °C, pH 8 and 3 % NaCl. They were capable of anaerobic growth by carrying out denitrifying metabolism using nitrate, nitrite or nitrous oxide as terminal electron acceptors or, alternatively, by fermenting glucose, mannose, sucrose or trehalose as substrates. Anaerobic fermentative growth on glucose resulted in formation of various organic acids, including formate, lactate, acetate, pyruvate and fumarate. The major cellular fatty acids were 2-OH-14 : 0, 3-OH-14 : 0 and 16 : 0. DN34T and DN33 had DNA G+C contents of 51·7 and 51·6 mol%, respectively. Physiological characterization, together with phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, revealed that the two denitrifying strains could be accommodated in a novel genus, for which the name Pseudovibrio gen. nov. is proposed. Pseudovibrio denitrificans sp. nov. is the type species, with DN34T (=BCRC 17323T=JCM 12308T) as the type strain.

Alterococcus agarolyticus, gen.nov., sp.nov., a halophilic thermophilic bacterium capable of agar degradation

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wung Yang Shieh ◽  
Wen Dar Jean
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Thermophilic Bacterium ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Fermentative Bacteria

Five strains of facultatively anaerobic moderately thermophilic bacteria were isolated from two hot springs in the intertidal zone of Lutao, Taiwan. They produced extracellular agarase on agar medium, yielding reducing sugars and organic acids as the end products under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The growth temperature range was approximately 38–58°C with an optimal temperature of about 48°C. The five strains tolerated a relatively narrow pH range from 7.0 to 8.5. They were Gram-negative halophiles growing optimally at 2.0–2.5% NaCl (ca. 0.34–0.43 M). They were capable of anaerobic growth by fermenting glucose and producing various organic acids such as butyrate, propionate, formate, lactate, and acetate. Cells grown in liquid medium were motile monotrichous cocci, normally 0.8–0.9 µm in diameter. They possessed saturated anteiso-15-carbon acid (anteiso-C15:0) as the most abundant cellular fatty acid (46.0–51.3 mo1%) and had G+C contents ranging from 65.5 to 67.0 mo1%. They are the first thermophiles found to degrade agar and also the first halophilic thermophilic bacteria known to be capable of both aerobic and anaerobic fermentative growth. These bacteria are considered to represent a new genus that we named Alterococcus, and Alterococcus agarolyticus is the type species. Key words: Alterococcus agarolyticus, thermophilic bacteria, halophilic bacteria, agar-degrading bacteria, fermentative bacteria.

scholarly journals Geobacter bemidjiensis sp. nov. and Geobacter psychrophilus sp. nov., two novel Fe(III)-reducing subsurface isolates

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1667-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly P. Nevin ◽  
Dawn E. Holmes ◽  
Trevor L. Woodard ◽  
Erich S. Hinlein ◽  
David W. Ostendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Electron Acceptors ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Amorphous Iron ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Subsurface Sediments ◽  
Curved Rods ◽  
A Site

Fe(III)-reducing isolates were recovered from two aquifers in which Fe(III) reduction is known to be important. Strain BemT was enriched from subsurface sediments collected in Bemidji, MN, USA, near a site where Fe(III) reduction is important in aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. Strains P11, P35T and P39 were isolated from the groundwater of an aquifer in Plymouth, MA, USA, in which Fe(III) reduction is important because of long-term inputs of acetate as a highway de-icing agent to the subsurface. All four isolates were Gram-negative, slightly curved rods that grew best in freshwater media. Strains P11, P35T and P39 exhibited motility via means of monotrichous flagella. Analysis of the 16S rRNA and nifD genes indicated that all four strains are δ-proteobacteria and members of the Geobacter cluster of the Geobacteraceae. Differences in phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics indicated that the four isolates represent two novel species within the genus Geobacter. All of the isolates coupled the oxidation of acetate to the reduction of Fe(III) [iron(III) citrate, amorphous iron(III) oxide, iron(III) pyrophosphate and iron(III) nitrilotriacetate]. All four strains utilized ethanol, lactate, malate, pyruvate and succinate as electron donors and malate and fumarate as electron acceptors. Strain BemT grew fastest at 30 °C, whereas strains P11, P35T and P39 grew equally well at 17, 22 and 30 °C. In addition, strains P11, P35T and P39 were capable of growth at 4 °C. The names Geobacter bemidjiensis sp. nov. (type strain BemT=ATCC BAA-1014T=DSM 16622T=JCM 12645T) and Geobacter psychrophilus sp. nov. (strains P11, P35T and P39; type strain P35T=ATCC BAA-1013T=DSM 16674T=JCM 12644T) are proposed.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Pb Resistant Bacteria from Cilalay Lake, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesi Kurnia ◽  
Nina Hermayani Sadi ◽  
Syafitri Jumianto
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Standard Disk

<span>Pollution of water environment with heavy metals is becoming one of the most severe environmental and human health hazards. Lead (Pb) is a major pollutant and highly toxic to human, animals, plants, and microbes. </span><span lang="IN">Toxic metals are difficult to remove from the environment, since they cannot be chemically or biologically degraded and are ultimately indestructible. Biological approaches based on metal-resistant microorganisms have received a great deal of attention as alternative remediation processes. </span><span>This study aim to isolat</span><span lang="IN">e</span><span> and characterize Pb resistant of heterotrophic bacteria in Cilalay Lake, </span><span lang="IN">West Java, </span><span>Indonesia. The water samples were collected </span><span lang="IN">along</span><span> three points around Cilalay Lake. </span><span lang="IN">Water physical and chemical </span><span>determination was performed using the Water Quality Checker</span><span lang="IN">. </span><span>The bacterial isolates were screened on T</span><span lang="IN">r</span><span>ipton</span><span lang="IN">e</span><span> Glucose Yeast (TGY) agar plates. </span><span lang="IN">Afterwards s</span><span>elected isolates were grown on Nutrient Agar media 50% </span><span lang="IN">with </span><span>supplemented Pb 100 ppm by the standard disk. Population of resistant bacteria was counted. The result from metal resistant bacteria indicated that all isolates w</span><span lang="IN">ere</span><span> resistant. The most abundant type of resistant </span><span lang="IN">bacteria </span><span>to lead was Gram negative more than Gram positive. Identified have metal resistant bacteria could be useful for the bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated sewage and waste water</span>

scholarly journals Bacteriological, Physical And Chemical Properties Of The Pagla Sewage Treatment Plant’s Water

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihir Lal Saha ◽  
Ashraful Alam ◽  
Mahbubar Rahman Khan ◽  
Sirajul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Treated Water

Samples from Pagla sewage treatment plant at different treatment stages showed more or less similar temperature (26.9 - 27.5°C). The pH ranged from 7.2 - 7.9. Influent water and primary sedimentation tank water were brownish in colour while sludge water was light black. The lagoon water and treated water were greenish. The ammonium?nitrogen (NH+4-N) and nitrate?nitrogen (NO-3?N) ranged from 5.24 - 61.94 mg/l and 2.55 - 11.02 mg/l, respectively. Phosphorus of the water was 1.34 - 4.50 mg/l. The suspended solids (SS) ranged from 25.48 ? 374.69 mg/l. In the present study the amount of SS in the treated water were found to be quite satisfactory. The total bacterial population in Pagla sewage treatments plant was in between 2.9 × 104 and 2.5 × 106 cfu/ml. The qualitative bacterial spectrum showed a potential consortium of bacteria associated with the treatment plant. Both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were present. Gram positive bacteria were represented by the different species of the genus Bacillus, Aureobacterium and Kurthia. Among them Bacillus was the dominant genus. The different species of Bacillus were Bacillus sphaericus, B. fastidiosus, B. circulans and B. pasteurii. Gram negative bacteria were Zoogloea, Yersinia, Citrobacter and Pseudomonas. A good number of microorganisms were found to be associated with the bio-oxidation of the organic compounds of the influent. The Zoogloea along with other free flowing aerobic heterotrophic bacteria like Bacillus, Pseudomonas could play the major role in the sewage treatment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v21i1.9739 DUJBS 2012 21(1): 1-7

scholarly journals Redesigning Escherichia coli Metabolism for Anaerobic Production of Isobutanol

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (14) ◽  
pp. 4894-4904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong T. Trinh ◽  
Johnny Li ◽  
Harvey W. Blanch ◽  
Douglas S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Glycolytic Flux ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Chromosomal Genes

ABSTRACTFermentation enables the production of reduced metabolites, such as the biofuels ethanol and butanol, from fermentable sugars. This work demonstrates a general approach for designing and constructing a production host that uses a heterologous pathway as an obligately fermentative pathway to produce reduced metabolites, specifically, the biofuel isobutanol. Elementary mode analysis was applied to design anEscherichia colistrain optimized for isobutanol production under strictly anaerobic conditions. The central metabolism ofE. coliwas decomposed into 38,219 functional, unique, and elementary modes (EMs). The model predictions revealed that during anaerobic growthE. colicannot produce isobutanol as the sole fermentative product. By deleting 7 chromosomal genes, the total 38,219 EMs were constrained to 12 EMs, 6 of which can produce high yields of isobutanol in a range from 0.29 to 0.41 g isobutanol/g glucose under anaerobic conditions. The remaining 6 EMs rely primarily on the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex (PDHC) and are typically inhibited under anaerobic conditions. The redesignedE. colistrain was constrained to employ the anaerobic isobutanol pathways through deletion of 7 chromosomal genes, addition of 2 heterologous genes, and overexpression of 5 genes. Here we present the design, construction, and characterization of an isobutanol-producingE. colistrain to illustrate the approach. The model predictions are evaluated in relation to experimental data and strategies proposed to improve anaerobic isobutanol production. We also show that the endogenous alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase AdhE is the key enzyme responsible for the production of isobutanol and ethanol under anaerobic conditions. The glycolytic flux can be controlled to regulate the ratio of isobutanol to ethanol production.

scholarly journals The Anaerobic Regulatory Network Required for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Nitrate Respiration

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (11) ◽  
pp. 4310-4314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Schreiber ◽  
Robert Krieger ◽  
Beatrice Benkert ◽  
Martin Eschbach ◽  
Hiroyuki Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Dna Bending ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Nitrate Respiration ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Regulatory Model

ABSTRACT In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the narK 1 K 2 GHJI operon encodes two nitrate/nitrite transporters and the dissimilatory nitrate reductase. The narK 1 promoter is anaerobically induced in the presence of nitrate by the dual activity of the oxygen regulator Anr and the N-oxide regulator Dnr in cooperation with the nitrate-responsive two-component regulatory system NarXL. The DNA bending protein IHF is essential for this process. Similarly, narXL gene transcription is enhanced under anaerobic conditions by Anr and Dnr. Furthermore, Anr and NarXL induce expression of the N-oxide regulator gene dnr. Finally, NarXL in cooperation with Dnr is required for anaerobic nitrite reductase regulatory gene nirQ transcription. A cascade regulatory model for the fine-tuned genetic response of P. aeruginosa to anaerobic growth conditions in the presence of nitrate was deduced.

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