Influence of disease-suppressive strains of Streptomyces on the native Streptomyces community in soil as determined by the analysis of cellular fatty acids

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Bowers ◽  
Linda L. Kinkel ◽  
Roger K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Potato Scab ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Related Population

Analysis of cellular fatty acid profiles was used to distinguish among introduced pathogen- suppressive strains and indigenous strains of Streptomyces spp. isolated from soil of field plots established to test the efficacy of Streptomyces strains PonSSII and PonR in the biological control of potato scab. Reference libraries of fatty acid profiles were developed for a collection of known pathogenic strains and the introduced suppressive strains. Population densities of pathogen-related, suppressive, and saprophytic Streptomyces strains were determined from the relationship of field isolates to mean library profiles using cluster analysis and the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages. Community diversity was similarly determined. Streptomyces strains PonSSII and PonR were distinguished from each other and from the pathogen group (which clustered together) based on fatty acid profiles. The introduced, suppressive strains successfully colonized the soil and represented 2–19% of the isolates sampled over 2 years. The introduction of the suppressive strains inhibited the population of strains related to the pathogen library at each sample date; the pathogen population was substantially lower in soil from treatments where the suppressive strains were introduced compared with the nonamended control. At harvest, the pathogen-related population was suppressed 85–93 and 36–44% in 1991 and 1992, respectively, in treatments with the suppressive strains compared with the nonamended control. Diversity of the community was not affected by the introduced strains, and diversity and equitability indices were similar among treatments at any sample time. The inhibition of the pathogen-related population was correlated with a reduction of scab symptoms observed in the field plots into which the suppressive strains were introduced. Implications of a fundamental shift in the pathogen-related population in response to the introduction of the suppressive strains for long-term biological control of potato scab are encouraging.Key words: Streptomyces, fatty acid analysis, biological control, community ecology.

scholarly journals Prevotella copri sp. nov. and Prevotella stercorea sp. nov., isolated from human faeces

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenori Hayashi ◽  
Kensaku Shibata ◽  
Mitsuo Sakamoto ◽  
Shinichi Tomita ◽  
Yoshimi Benno
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Human Faeces ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Six strains (CB7T, CB18, CB23, CB26, CB28 and CB35T) were isolated from human faeces. Based on phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic characteristics, cellular fatty acid profiles and menaquinone profiles, these strains could be included within the genus Prevotella and made up two clusters. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that five strains were most closely related to Prevotella veroralis, sharing about 92 % sequence similarity; the remaining strain was most closely related to Prevotella shahii, sharing about 90 % sequence similarity. All six strains were obligately anaerobic, non-pigmented, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative rods. The cellular fatty acid compositions of the six strains differed significantly from those of other Prevotella species. Five strains (CB7T, CB18, CB23, CB26 and CB28) contained dimethyl acetals and the major menaquinones of these strains were MK-11, MK-12 and MK-13. The major menaquinones of CB35T were MK-12 and MK-13. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic findings, two novel species, Prevotella copri sp. nov. and Prevotella stercorea sp. nov., are proposed, representing the two different strain clusters. The DNA G+C contents of strains CB7T and CB35T were 45.3 and 48.2 mol%, respectively. The type strains of P. copri and P. stercorea are CB7T (=JCM 13464T=DSM 18205T) and CB35T (=JCM 13469T=DSM 18206T), respectively.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Erwinia chrpsanthemi and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora by the Cellular Fatty Acid Analysis

10.5109/24008 ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Yuichi Kori ◽  
Naruto Furuya ◽  
Kazunori Tsuno ◽  
Nobuaki Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis

Chemotaxonomic fatty-acid fingerprints of some streptococci with subsequent statistical analysis

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1723-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Drucker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Measure Of Association ◽  
Lancefield Group

Cellular fatty-acid profiles were obtained for streptococci of Lancefield groups A, B, C, D, N and O, and Streptococcus salivarius. The major fatty acids above isomyristate had the retention characteristics of n-myristate, myristoleate, n-palmitate, palmitoleate, anteisostearate, n-stearate, and oleate (or cis-vaccenate). Profiles were quantitatively and qualitatively similar. Strains could be identified as members of a particular Lancefield group by computer analysis with the Bravais–Pearson coefficient of linear correlation being used as a measure of association of strain pairs, since strains of the different Lancefield groups examined had distinct fatty-acid profiles.

scholarly journals Investigating Intraspecific Variation of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli Using DNA Fingerprinting and Whole Cell Fatty Acid Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Walcott ◽  
D. B. Langston ◽  
F. H. Sanders ◽  
R. D. Gitaitis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Pulse Field ◽  
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Group I

To assess the diversity of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, 121 strains from watermelon, cantaloupe, and pumpkin were compared using pulse field gel electrophoresis of SpeI-digested DNA and gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters. Twenty-nine unique DNA fragments resulted from DNA digestion, and 14 distinct haplotypes were observed. Based on cluster analysis, two subgroups, I and II, were recognized, which accounted for 84.8% (eight haplotypes) and 15.2% (six haplotypes) of the strains, respectively. Results of cellular fatty acid analysis varied quantitatively and qualitatively for the A. avenae subsp. citrulli strains and supported the existence of the two subgroups. Group I includes strains from cantaloupe and pumpkin as well as the ATCC type strain, which was first described in the United States in 1978, whereas group II represents the typical watermelon fruit blotch-causing strains that appeared in the mainland United States in 1989. Knowledge of the two A. avenae subsp. citrulli groups may be useful in screening for watermelon fruit blotch resistance.

Comparison of two total cellular fatty acid analysis protocols to differentiate Rhizoctonia oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae

Mycologia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Lanoiselet ◽  
E.J. Cother ◽  
N.J. Cother ◽  
G.J. Ash ◽  
J.D.I. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Rhizoctonia Oryzae

scholarly journals Parenteral lipid emulsions induce unique ileal fatty acid and metabolomic profiles but do not increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Yakah ◽  
Pratibha Singh ◽  
Joanne Brown ◽  
Barbara Stoll ◽  
Douglas G. Burrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a manifestation of maladaptive intestinal responses in preterm infants centrally medicated by unattenuated inflammation. Early in the postnatal period, preterm infants develop a deficit in arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid, both potent regulators of inflammation. We hypothesized that the fatty acid composition of parenteral lipid emulsions uniquely induces blood and intestinal fatty acid profiles which, in turn, modifies the risk of NEC development. Methods: 42 preterm pigs were randomized to receive one of three lipid emulsions containing 100% soybean oil (SO), 15% fish oil (MO15), or 100% fish oil (FO100) with enteral feedings over an 8-day protocol. Blood and distal ileum tissue were collected for fatty acid analysis. The distal ileum underwent histologic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses. Results: Eight pigs (3/14 SO (21 %), 3/14 MO15 (21%), and 2/14 FO100 (14%)) developed NEC. No differences in NEC risk were evident between groups despite differences in induced fatty acid profiles in blood and ileal tissue. Metabolomic analysis of NEC vs no NEC tissue revealed differences in tryptophan metabolism and arachidonic acid-containing glycerophospholipids. Proteomic analysis demonstrated no differences by lipid group; however, 15 proteins differentiated NEC vs no NEC in the domains of tissue injury, glucose uptake and chemokine signaling. Conclusions: Exposure to parenteral lipid emulsions induces unique intestinal fatty acid and metabolomic profiles, however, these profiles are not linked to a difference in NEC development. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses of NEC vs no NEC intestinal tissue provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of NEC in preterm infants.

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