An unusual rRNA gene organization in Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain)

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Huang ◽  
G. W. Stemke ◽  
J. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Map ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Gene Organization ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mycoplasma Fermentans ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
5S Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna Genes

The macro-restriction map of Mycoplasma fermentans (incognitus strain) was constructed and its rRNA genes were located on the map. It was found that this organism contains two sets of rRNA genes. The 16S and 23S rRNA genes were closely linked as two clusters. However, both 5S rRNA genes were separated from the 16S and 23S genes. The two 16S–23S rRNA gene clusters were arranged in an unusual tail to tail orientation.Key words: physical map, rRNA, Mycoplasma fermentans, genome, gene organization.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Erythromycin Resistance Mutation in a 23S rRNA Gene, rrlA, of the Extreme Thermophile Thermus thermophilus IB-21

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (14) ◽  
pp. 4382-4385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. Gregory ◽  
Jamie H. D. Cate ◽  
Albert E. Dahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Thermus Thermophilus ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
23S Rrna Genes

ABSTRACT Spontaneous, erythromycin-resistant mutants of Thermus thermophilus IB-21 were isolated and found to carry the mutation A2058G in one of two 23S rRNA operons. The heterozygosity of these mutants indicates that A2058G confers a dominant or codominant phenotype in this organism. This mutation provides a valuable tool for the genetic manipulation of the 23S rRNA genes ofThermus.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection and Estimation by Pyrosequencing of 23S rRNA Genes with a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Conferring Linezolid Resistance in Enterococci

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 3620-3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Sinclair ◽  
Catherine Arnold ◽  
Neil Woodford
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Genes

ABSTRACT Pyrosequencing was used to detect rapidly and estimate the number of 23S rRNA genes with a G2576T mutation in 43 linezolid-resistant and -susceptible clinical isolates of enterococci. The method showed 100% concordance with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism for detecting isolates homozygous for either G2576 or T2576 or heterozygous for this mutation. A good correlation was found between linezolid MICs and the number of 23S rRNA gene copies carrying the mutation.

scholarly journals Discordant 16S and 23S rRNA Gene Phylogenies for the Genus Helicobacter: Implications for Phylogenetic Inference and Systematics

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (17) ◽  
pp. 6106-6118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floyd E. Dewhirst ◽  
Zeli Shen ◽  
Michael S. Scimeca ◽  
Lauren N. Stokes ◽  
Tahani Boumenna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Genes

ABSTRACT Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences has become the primary method for determining prokaryotic phylogeny. Phylogeny is currently the basis for prokaryotic systematics. Therefore, the validity of 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses is of fundamental importance for prokaryotic systematics. Discrepancies between 16S rRNA gene analyses and DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic analyses have been noted in the genus Helicobacter. To clarify these discrepancies, we sequenced the 23S rRNA genes for 55 helicobacter strains representing 41 taxa (>2,700 bases per sequence). Phylogenetic-tree construction using neighbor-joining, parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods for 23S rRNA gene sequence data yielded stable trees which were consistent with other phenotypic and genotypic methods. The 16S rRNA gene sequence-derived trees were discordant with the 23S rRNA gene trees and other data. Discrepant 16S rRNA gene sequence data for the helicobacters are consistent with the horizontal transfer of 16S rRNA gene fragments and the creation of mosaic molecules with loss of phylogenetic information. These results suggest that taxonomic decisions must be supported by other phylogenetically informative macromolecules, such as the 23S rRNA gene, when 16S rRNA gene-derived phylogeny is discordant with other credible phenotypic and genotypic methods. This study found Wolinella succinogenes to branch with the unsheathed-flagellum cluster of helicobacters by 23S rRNA gene analyses and whole-genome comparisons. This study also found intervening sequences (IVSs) in the 23S rRNA genes of strains of 12 Helicobacter species. IVSs were found in helices 10, 25, and 45, as well as between helices 31′ and 27′. Simultaneous insertion of IVSs at three sites was found in H. mesocricetorum.

scholarly journals The Internal Transcribed Spacer Region, a New Tool for Use in Species Differentiation and Delineation of Systematic Relationships within the Campylobacter Genus

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 3071-3081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Ming Man ◽  
Nadeem O. Kaakoush ◽  
Sophie Octavia ◽  
Hazel Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
23S Rrna Genes

ABSTRACT The Campylobacter genus consists of a number of important human and animal pathogens. Although the 16S rRNA gene has been used extensively for detection and identification of Campylobacter species, there is currently limited information on the 23S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region that lies between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. We examined the potential of the 23S rRNA gene and the ITS region to be used in species differentiation and delineation of systematic relationships for 30 taxa within the Campylobacter genus. The ITS region produced the highest mean pairwise percentage difference (35.94%) compared to the 16S (5.34%) and 23S (7.29%) rRNA genes. The discriminatory power for each region was further validated using Simpson's index of diversity (D value). The D values were 0.968, 0.995, and 0.766 for the ITS region and the 23S and 16S rRNA genes, respectively. A closer examination of the ITS region revealed that Campylobacter concisus, Campylobacter showae, and Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus harbored tRNA configurations not previously reported for other members of the Campylobacter genus. We also observed the presence of strain-dependent intervening sequences in the 23S rRNA genes. Neighbor-joining trees using the ITS region revealed that Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains clustered in subgroups, which was not observed in trees derived from the 16S or 23S rRNA gene. Of the three regions examined, the ITS region is by far the most cost-effective region for the differentiation and delineation of systematic relationships within the Campylobacter genus.

scholarly journals Cloning and sequence analysis of two copies of a 23S rRNA gene from Helicobacter pylori and association of clarithromycin resistance with 23S rRNA mutations.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2621-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E Taylor ◽  
Z Ge ◽  
D Purych ◽  
T Lo ◽  
K Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
Clarithromycin Resistance ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Genes ◽  
H Pylori

In this study, two identical copies of a 23S-5S gene cluster, which are separately situated within the Helicobacter pylori UA802 chromosome, were cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the DNA sequence of the H. pylori 23S rRNA gene with known sequences of other bacterial 23S rRNA genes indicated that the H. pylori UA802 23S rRNA genes are closely related to those of Campylobacter spp. and therefore belong in the proposed Proteobacteria subdivision. The 5'-terminal nucleotide T or A of the 23S rRNA is close to a Pribnow box which could be a -10 region of the transcription promoter for the 23S rRNA gene, suggesting that a posttranscriptional process is likely not involved in the maturation of the H. pylori 23S rRNA. Clinical isolates of H. pylori resistant to clarithromycin were examined by using natural transformation and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Cross-resistance to clarithromycin and erythromycin, which was transferred by natural transformation from the Cla(r) Ery(r) donor strain H. pylori E to the Cla(s) Ery(s) recipient strain H. pylori UA802, was associated with an single A-to-G transition mutation at position 2142 of both copies of the 23S rRNA in UA802 Cla(r) Ery(r) mutants. The transformation frequency for Cla(r) and Ery(r) was found to be approximately 2 x 10(-6) transformants per viable cell, and the MICs of both clarithromycin and erythromycin for the Cla(r) Ery(r) mutants were equal to those for the donor isolate. Our results confirmed the previous findings that mutations at positions 2142 and 2143 of the H. pylori 23S rRNA gene are responsible for clarithromycin resistance and suggest that acquisition of clarithromycin resistance in H. pylori could also result from horizontal transfer.

scholarly journals BIOCOM-PIPE: a new user-friendly metabarcoding pipeline for the characterization of microbial diversity from 16S, 18S and 23S rRNA gene amplicons

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Djemiel ◽  
Samuel Dequiedt ◽  
Battle Karimi ◽  
Aurélien Cottin ◽  
Thibault Girier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Biological Database ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Variant ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Genes

Abstract Background The ability to compare samples or studies easily using metabarcoding so as to better interpret microbial ecology results is an upcoming challenge. A growing number of metabarcoding pipelines are available, each with its own benefits and limitations. However, very few have been developed to offer the opportunity to characterize various microbial communities (e.g., archaea, bacteria, fungi, photosynthetic microeukaryotes) with the same tool. Results BIOCOM-PIPE is a flexible and independent suite of tools for processing data from high-throughput sequencing technologies, Roche 454 and Illumina platforms, and focused on the diversity of archaeal, bacterial, fungal, and photosynthetic microeukaryote amplicons. Various original methods were implemented in BIOCOM-PIPE to (1) remove chimeras based on read abundance, (2) align sequences with structure-based alignments of RNA homologs using covariance models, and (3) a post-clustering tool (ReClustOR) to improve OTUs consistency based on a reference OTU database. The comparison with two other pipelines (FROGS and mothur) and Amplicon Sequence Variant definition highlighted that BIOCOM-PIPE was better at discriminating land use groups. Conclusions The BIOCOM-PIPE pipeline makes it possible to analyze 16S, 18S and 23S rRNA genes in the same packaged tool. The new post-clustering approach defines a biological database from previously analyzed samples and performs post-clustering of reads with this reference database by using open-reference clustering. This makes it easier to compare projects from various sequencing runs, and increased the congruence among results. For all users, the pipeline was developed to allow for adding or modifying the components, the databases and the bioinformatics tools easily, giving high modularity for each analysis.

scholarly journals The Absence of Intervening Sequences in 23S rRNA Genes of Campylobacter coli Isolates from Turkeys Is a Unique Attribute of a Cluster of Related Strains Which Also Lack Resistance to Erythromycin

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1208-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamfai Chan ◽  
William G. Miller ◽  
Robert E. Mandrell ◽  
Sophia Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Intervening Sequences ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Genes ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACT Certain Campylobacter strains harbor a transcribed intervening sequence (IVS) in their 23S rRNA genes. Following transcription, the IVS is excised, leading to fragmentation of the 23S rRNA. The origin and possible functions of the IVS are unknown. Furthermore, the distribution of IVS-harboring strains within Campylobacter populations is poorly understood. In this study, 104 strains of Campylobacter coli from turkeys, representing 27 different multilocus sequence typing-based sequence types (STs), were characterized in terms of IVS content and erythromycin susceptibility. Sixty-nine strains harbored IVSs in all three 23S rRNA genes, whereas the other 35 strains lacked IVSs from at least one of the genes. The STs of the latter strains belonged to an unusual cluster of C. coli STs (cluster II), earlier found primarily in turkey strains and characterized by the presence of the C. jejuni aspA103 allele. The majority (66/69) of strains harboring IVSs in all three 23S rRNA genes were resistant to erythromycin, whereas none of the 35 strains with at least one IVS-free 23S rRNA gene were resistant. Cluster II strains could be transformed to erythromycin resistance with genomic DNA from C. coli that harbored IVS and the A2075G transition in the 23S rRNA gene, associated with resistance to erythromycin in Campylobacter. Erythromycin-resistant transformants harbored both the A2075 transition and IVS. The findings suggest that the absence of IVS in C. coli from turkeys is characteristic of a unique clonal group of erythromycin-susceptible strains and that IVS can be acquired by these strains via natural transformation to erythromycin resistance.

scholarly journals Development of a Microelectronic Chip Array for High-Throughput Genotyping of Helicobacter Species and Screening for Antimicrobial Resistance

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Z. Xing ◽  
Chris Clarke ◽  
Lijun Zhu ◽  
Stephan Gabos
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
23S Rrna Genes ◽  
H Pylori

A microelectronic array assay was developed to specifically genotype Helicobacter pylori versus Helicobacter heilmannii and to determine antimicrobial resistance. Helicobacter 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes were specifically generated with Helicobacter genus-specific primers, respectively. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 16S rRNA, 268T specific in the H. pylori sequence, and 263A specific in H. heilmannii were used as molecular markers for identification of H. pylori and H. heilmannii, respectively. A triple-base-pair resistant mutation, AGA965-967TTC in 16S rRNA, is known to be responsible for H. pylori tetracycline resistance and was detected to identify resistant strains. H. pylori macrolide resistance was determined by the identification of 3 defined mutations in the 23S rRNA gene using the same method. The assay could be directly used to detect H. pylori in feces. The assay performs multiple determinations, including identification of Helicobacter species and antibiotic resistances, on the same microelectronic platform and is highly amenable to the development of other DNA-based assays.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships within the family Halomonadaceae based on comparative 23S and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael R. de la Haba ◽  
David R. Arahal ◽  
M. Carmen Márquez ◽  
Antonio Ventosa
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
23S Rrna Gene ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

A phylogenetic study of the family Halomonadaceae was carried out based on complete 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA gene sequences. Several 16S rRNA genes of type strains were resequenced, and 28 new sequences of the 23S rRNA gene were obtained. Currently, the family includes nine genera (Carnimonas, Chromohalobacter, Cobetia, Halomonas, Halotalea, Kushneria, Modicisalibacter, Salinicola and Zymobacter). These genera are phylogenetically coherent except Halomonas, which is polyphyletic. This genus comprises two clearly distinguished clusters: group 1 includes Halomonas elongata (the type species) and the species Halomonas eurihalina, H. caseinilytica, H. halmophila, H. sabkhae, H. almeriensis, H. halophila, H. salina, H. organivorans, H. koreensis, H. maura and H. nitroreducens. Group 2 comprises the species Halomonas aquamarina, H. meridiana, H. axialensis, H. magadiensis, H. hydrothermalis, H. alkaliphila, H. venusta, H. boliviensis, H. neptunia, H. variabilis, H. sulfidaeris, H. subterranea, H. janggokensis, H. gomseomensis, H. arcis and H. subglaciescola. Halomonas salaria forms a cluster with Chromohalobacter salarius and the recently described genus Salinicola, and their taxonomic affiliation requires further study. More than 20 Halomonas species are phylogenetically not within the core constituted by the Halomonas sensu stricto cluster (group 1) or group 2 and, since their positions on the different phylogenetic trees are not stable, they cannot be recognized as additional groups either. In general, there is excellent agreement between the phylogenies based on the two rRNA gene sequences, but the 23S rRNA gene showed higher resolution in the differentiation of species of the family Halomonadaceae.

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