Numerical taxonomy of heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated from southwestern Pacific hydrothermal vents

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 690-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Durand ◽  
Afeda Benyagoub ◽  
Daniel Prieur
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Lau Basin ◽  
The North ◽  
Nitrate Reducers ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
North Fiji Basin ◽  
Back Arc ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (n = 161) were enriched and isolated from samples of vent water, invertebrates, and chimney rocks collected at two deep-sea hydrothermal vents (2000 m) in back-arc basins from the southwestern Pacific: the North Fiji Basin and the Lau Basin. Several types of heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were repeatedly isolated. They oxidized thiosulfate either to sulfate (acid producing) or to polythionate (base producing). In most of the acid-producing cultures, thiosulfate was transitorily oxidized to polythionate. All of the bacteria were Gram negative, 37% were fermentative, and 88% were denitrifiers or nitrate reducers. Numerical taxonomy and analysis of the G+C content showed that they belong to several genera including Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Vibrio.Key words: hydrothermal vent, culturable thiosulfate-oxidizing bacteria, numerical taxonomy.

scholarly journals Potential Interactions between Clade SUP05 Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria and Phages in Hydrothermal Vent Sponges

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhou ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
Weipeng Zhang ◽  
Ren-Mao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Okinawa Trough ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Metagenomic Sequence ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

ABSTRACT In deep-sea hydrothermal vent environments, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the clade SUP05 are crucial symbionts of invertebrate animals. Marine viruses, as the most abundant biological entities in the ocean, play essential roles in regulating the sulfur metabolism of the SUP05 bacteria. To date, vent sponge-associated SUP05 and their phages have not been well documented. The current study analyzed microbiomes of Haplosclerida sponges from hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough and recovered the dominant SUP05 genome, designated VS-SUP05. Phylogenetic analysis showed that VS-SUP05 was closely related to endosymbiotic SUP05 strains from mussels living in deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields. Homology and metabolic pathway comparisons against free-living and symbiotic SUP05 strains revealed that the VS-SUP05 genome shared many features with the deep-sea mussel symbionts. Supporting a potentially symbiotic lifestyle, the VS-SUP05 genome contained genes involved in the synthesis of essential amino acids and cofactors that are desired by the host. Analysis of sponge-associated viral sequences revealed putative VS-SUP05 phages, all of which were double-stranded viruses belonging to the families Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, and Microviridae. Among the phage sequences, one contig contained metabolic genes (iscR, iscS, and iscU) involved in iron-sulfur cluster formation. Interestingly, genome sequence comparison revealed horizontal transfer of the iscS gene among phages, VS-SUP05, and other symbiotic SUP05 strains, indicating an interaction between marine phages and SUP05 symbionts. Overall, our findings confirm the presence of SUP05 bacteria and their phages in sponges from deep-sea vents and imply a beneficial interaction that allows adaptation of the host sponge to the hydrothermal vent environment. IMPORTANCE Chemosynthetic SUP05 bacteria dominate the microbial communities of deep-sea hydrothermal vents around the world, SUP05 bacteria utilize reduced chemical compounds in vent fluids and commonly form symbioses with invertebrate organisms. This symbiotic relationship could be key to adapting to such unique and extreme environments. Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on the planet and have been identified in hydrothermal vent environments. However, their interactions with the symbiotic microbes of the SUP05 clade, along with their role in the symbiotic system, remain unclear. Here, using metagenomic sequence-based analyses, we determined that bacteriophages may support metabolism in SUP05 bacteria and play a role in the sponge-associated symbiosis system in hydrothermal vent environments.

scholarly journals A new genus and species of alvinocaridid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from hydrothermal vents on the North Fiji and Lau Basins, south-western Pacific

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Komai ◽  
Michel Segonzac
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Lau Basin ◽  
The North ◽  
North Fiji Basin

Nautilocaris saintlaurentae gen. nov., sp. nov., is described and illustrated from hydrothermal vents in the North Fiji Basin and Lau Basin in the south-western Pacific. This new taxon is assigned to the Alvinocarididae. It has a well-developed, dorsally dentate rostrum, carapace with pterygostomian spine present, eye broadly fused mesially, epipod–setobranch complex present above pereopods, and appendix internae on second to fourth pleopods greatly reduced. This combination of characters places it in an intermediate position between a group of species in the genus Alvinocaris with well developed, dorsally dentate rostrum, carapace with pterygostomian spine present, eyes narrowly fused mesially, epipod–setobranch complex absent and well-developed appendices internae on second to fourth pleopods, and Mirocaris fortunata with rostrum unarmed, carapace with rounded pterygostomian angle, eye broadly fused mesially, epipod–setobranch complex present above pereopods and appendices internae on second to fourth pleopods greatly reduced. The habitat of the new species is briefly described.

Simple harpacticoid composition observed at deep hydrothermal vent sites on sea knoll calderas in the North-west Pacific

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Futa Nakasugi ◽  
Motohiro Shimanaga ◽  
Hidetaka Nomaki ◽  
Hiromi Kayama Watanabe ◽  
Tomo Kitahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
North West ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial Differences

Abstract Dirivultid copepods (Siphonostomatoida), one of the most successful meiobenthic organisms found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, have been the focus of most previous ecological studies among meiofauna in these habitats. The ecology of Harpacticoida, a major benthic copepod group in typical deep-sea floor, however, is not well understood in terms of variations in community structure and controlling factors at venting sites. The spatial heterogeneities in benthic harpacticoid composition and their association with environmental parameters were investigated at hydrothermal vent chimney structures in the calderas of three neighbouring sea knolls (Bayonnaise Knoll, Myojin Knoll and Myojin-sho Caldera) in the western North Pacific. While a previous study had reported the distribution of dirivultids was strongly associated with spatial differences in stable carbon isotopic signatures (δ13C) of organic matter in the detritus on active chimneys in the field, multivariate analyses detected no significant corelation between the parameter and harpacticoid composition in this study. Instead, high associations of the harpacticoid composition with differences in water depth and total organic carbon (TOC) concentration were detected. Ectinosomatidae dominated at vent sites with lower TOC values in the shallowest Bayonnaise Knoll, while they were less prevalent at deeper vent fields in the other knolls, where Miraciidae was the most abundant family. This study indicated the availability of vent chemoautotrophic carbon is not a primary factor controlling the composition of harpacticoids even in the habitats on the hydrothermal vents, but instead by the food amount, regardless of its resources (including marine snow from the sea surface), in the study area.

Levensteiniella manusensis sp. nov., a new polychaete species (Annelida: Polynoidae) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Manus Back-Arc Basin, Western Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4388 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUWEN WU ◽  
KUIDONG XU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Posterior Border ◽  
Polychaete Species ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Back Arc ◽  
A New Species

A new species belonging to the subfamily Macellicephalinae (Annelida: Polynoidae), Levensteiniella manusensis sp. nov., is described based on material collected from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Manus Back-Arc Basin. The new species is readily distinguished from the congeners by having two pairs of ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12, the first pair of which is distally dichotomous. Levensteiniella manusensis is also characterized by the combination of the notochaetae which are smooth or serrated on the curved side, and the elytra with micro- and macropapillae on the surface and thickened bulbous projections on the posterior border. Based on morphological comparisons of the main features, we provide two keys to six species of Levensteiniella described to date based on males and females respectively. 

Formation of hydrothermal vents in the North Fiji Basin: Sulfur and lead isotope constraints

2006 ◽  
Vol 233 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 257-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonguk Kim ◽  
Insung Lee ◽  
Peter Halbach ◽  
Kyeong-Yong Lee ◽  
Young-Tak Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Lead Isotope ◽  
The North ◽  
North Fiji Basin

scholarly journals A new deep-sea scalpelliform barnacle, Vulcanolepas buckeridgei sp. nov. (Eolepadidae: Neolepadinae) from hydrothermal vents in the Lau Basin

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4407 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENNY K.K. CHAN ◽  
YEN-WEI CHANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Lau Basin ◽  
Basal Angle ◽  
A New Species

The present study describes a new species of Vulcanolepas from the Lau Basin in the South Pacific. The basal angle of the tergum of Vulcanolepas buckeridgei sp. nov. is elevated from the capitular-peduncular margin at ~1/6 of the capitular height. The mandibles of V. buckeridgei sp. nov. are tridentoid; the cutting margins of the second and third teeth are long and each tooth possesses 18–20 sharp spines. The proximal segments of the anterior and posterior rami of cirrus I are protuberant and with dense, simple setae. DNA barcode sequences of Vulcanolepas buckeridgei sp. nov. are similar to Vulcanolepas sp. 1 collected from the Lau Basin (Herrera et al. 2015). Vulcanolepas buckeridgei is morphologically similar to Vulcanolepas ‘Lau A’ collected in the Lau Basin (Southward & Newman 1998). This suggests that Vulcanolepas buckeridgei sp. nov. is widespread in the Lau Basin. 

scholarly journals The tectonic and volcanic evolution of the Mangatolu Triple Junction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mensing ◽  
Margaret Stewart ◽  
Mark Hannington ◽  
Alan Baxter ◽  
Dorothee Mertmann
Keyword(s):  
Triple Junction ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Spreading Center ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Triple Junctions ◽  
Lau Basin ◽  
The North ◽  
Spreading Centers ◽  
Spreading Rates ◽  
Back Arc

<p>The Mangatolu Triple Junction (MTJ) is an intraoceanic back-arc spreading center that is host to at least 3 distinct hydrothermal systems. It is located in the NE Lau Basin, which opened due to rollback of the Pacific plate along the Tonga-Kermadec trench. At the MTJ, three spreading centers meet in a ridge-ridge-ridge (RRR)-type triple junction separating the Tonga plate in the east, the Niuafo’ou microplate in the southwest, and an unnamed microplate in the north. The MTJ is directly linked to the formation and evolution of the Northeast Lau microplate mosaic, as plate fragmentation inevitably results in the formation of triple junctions, but it remains unclear whether the spreading centers are the drivers of plate fragmentation or a consequence of stress relocation related to microplate rotation. Detailed investigation of the geology and structural setting of the MTJ therefore provides valuable insight into the development in the northeast Lau Basin. Here we present the first comprehensive 1:200,000 geological map of the MTJ, based on a compilation of marine geophysical data (hydroacoustics, magnetics, and gravity) derived from 7 research cruises that have investigated the region between 2004 and 2018. Analysis of the mapped geological formations at the MTJ shows the importance of relict arc crust originating from the Tofua Arc in the architecture of the triple junction, which includes three stages of back-arc crust development and extensive off-axis volcanism. The spreading centers along each arm of the MTJ exploit pre-existing crustal weaknesses, interpreted to have formed during initial Lau Basin opening. A reconstruction of the basin opening, based on the mapped features and published spreading rates, revealed that initiation of the MTJ commenced approximately 180,000 years ago, consistent with the very recent and ongoing dynamic evolution of the NE Lau Basin and emerging microplate mosaic. Intersecting fabrics indicate sequential evolution of the 3 arms of the triple junction, with extension along the northeast arm dominant in the early history and more recent extension along the southern and western arms. The results of this study contribute to our growing understanding of the tectonic framework of the northeast Lau Basin and the role of triple junctions in microplate formation.</p>

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