PID, a new member of the P1 bacteriophage group

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-W. Ackermann ◽  
Alain Reynaud ◽  
Marie C. Gayerie
Keyword(s):  
Tail Length ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Bacteriophage P1

Phage PID produces particles of essentially uniform head size and differs from P1 in its range and tail length. The dimensions of phage P1 are reassessed. The P1 phage group shows signs of morphological evolution.Key words: bacteriophage P1, evolution, morphology.

scholarly journals Intra-ejaculate sperm selection in female zebra finches

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 20160220 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hemmings ◽  
C. Bennison ◽  
T. R. Birkhead
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Sperm Selection ◽  
Distinct Subset ◽  
Morphological Composition

Among internal fertilizers, typically fewer than 1% sperm survive the journey through the oviduct. Several studies suggest that the sperm reaching the ovum—the ‘fertilizing set’—comprise a non-random sub-population, but the characteristics of this group remain unclear. We tested whether oviductal selection in birds results in a morphologically distinct subset of sperm, by exploiting the fact that the fertilizing set are trapped by the perivitelline layer of the ovum. We show that these sperm have remarkably low morphological variation, as well as smaller head size and greater tail length, compared with those inseminated. Our study shows that the morphological composition of sperm—rather than length alone—influences success in reaching the ovum.

Heads or tails? Sexual dimorphism in helodermatid lizards

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Gienger ◽  
Daniel D. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Repeated Sequences ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Heloderma Suspectum

We tested the hypothesis that helodermatid lizards (Gila monsters, Heloderma suspectum Cope, 1869, and beaded lizards, H. horridum (Wiegmann, 1829)) show sexual dimorphism in morphological traits related to male–male agonistic behaviors. Male–male combat in helodermatid lizards involves repeated sequences of ritualized grappling. Male Gila monsters use their heads in attempts to gain or maintain a superior position during repeated combat bouts that may last for hours. Pairs of fighting male beaded lizards form spectacular body arches, with abdomens adpressed and snouts, forelimbs, and tail tips contacting the ground. We measured body size, head size, and tail length in 208 preserved H. suspectum, and body size and tail length (but not head size) in 79 live H. horridum, then tested for sexual dimorphism using analysis of covariance. Male Gila monsters had proportionately larger heads than females but did not differ in tail length or body size. Male beaded lizards had proportionately longer tails than females and were larger in body size only when the largest individuals were included in the analysis. Differences in head dimensions (in H. suspectum) and tail length (in H. horridum) are likely the result of sexual selection acting through male–male agonistic behaviors in this unique lizard taxon.

scholarly journals Characterization of Lactococcus lactis Phage 949 and Comparison with Other Lactococcal Phages

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (20) ◽  
pp. 6843-6852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie E. Samson ◽  
Sylvain Moineau
Keyword(s):  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Genetic Clusters

ABSTRACT The virulent Lactococcus lactis phage 949 was isolated in 1975 from cheese whey in New Zealand. This phage is a member of the Siphoviridae family and of a rare lactococcal phage group that bears its name (949 group). It has an icosahedral capsid (79-nm diameter) and a very long noncontractile tail (length, 500 nm; width, 12 nm). It infected 7 of 59 tested L. lactis strains, a somewhat expanded host range for a rare lactococcal phage. The abortive phage infection defense mechanisms AbiQ and AbiT strongly inhibited the multiplication of phage 949, but AbiK and AbiV did not. Its double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of 114,768 bp is, to date, the largest among lactococcal phages. Its GC content was calculated at 32.7%, which is the lowest reported for a lactococcal phage. Its 154 open reading frames (ORFs) share limited identity with database sequences. In addition, terminal redundancy was observed as well as the presence of six tRNAs, one group I intron, and putative recombinases. SDS-PAGE coupled with mass spectrometry identified 13 structural proteins. The genomes of the members of the 10 currently known L. lactis phage groups were used to construct a proteomic tree. Each L. lactis phage group separated into distinct genetic clusters, validating the current classification scheme. Of note, members of the polythetic P335 groups were clearly separated into subgroups.

Head Size and DNA Content in Bacteriophage T4

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Fred Eiserling ◽  
A. H. Doermann ◽  
Linde Boehner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Bacteriophage T4 ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Altered Protein ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Bacterial Viruses ◽  
A Site ◽  
Protein Shell

The control of form or shape inheritance can be approached by studying the morphogenesis of bacterial viruses. Shape variants of bacteriophage T4 with altered protein shell (capsid) size and nucleic acid (DNA) content have been found by electron microscopy, and a mutant (E920g in gene 66) controlling head size has been described. This mutant produces short-headed particles which contain 2/3 the normal DNA content and which are non-viable when only one particle infects a cell (Fig. 1).We report here the isolation of a new mutant (191c) which also appears to be in gene 66 but at a site distinct from E920g. The most striking phenotype of the mutant is the production of about 10% of the phage yield as “giant” virus particles, from 3 to 8 times longer than normal phage (Fig. 2).

Curcumin-containing Silver Nanoparticles prevent carbon tetrachlorideinduced hepatotoxicity in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Ebaid ◽  
Mohamed Habila ◽  
Iftekhar Hassan ◽  
Jameel Al-Tamimi ◽  
Mohamed S. Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact

Background: Hepatotoxicity remains an important clinical challenge. Hepatotoxicity observed in response to toxins and hazardous chemicals may be alleviated by delivery of the curcumin in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-curcumin). In this study, we examined the impact of AgNPs-curcumin in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups (n=8 per group). Mice in group 1 were treated with vehicle control alone, while mice in Group 2 received a single intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml/kg CCl4 in liquid paraffin (1:1 v/v). Mice in group 3 were treated with 2.5 mg/kg AgNPs-curcumin twice per week for three weeks after the CCl4 challenge. Results: Administration of CCL4 resulted in oxidative dysregulation, including significant reductions in reduced glutathione and concomitant elevations in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). CCL4 challenge also resulted in elevated levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT); these findings were associated with the destruction of hepatic tissues. Treatment with AgNPs-curcumin prevented oxidative imbalance, hepatic dysfunction, and tissue destruction. A comet assay revealed that CCl4 challenge resulted in significant DNA damage as documented by a 70% increase in nuclear DNA tail-length; treatment with AgNPs-curcumin inhibited the CCL4-mediated increase in nuclear DNA tail-length by 34%. Conclusion: Administration of AgNPs-curcumin resulted in significant antioxidant activity in vivo. This agent has the potential to prevent the hepatic tissue destruction and DNA damage that results from direct exposure to CCL4.

Age at the Time of Surgery and Maintenance of Head Size in Nonsyndromic Sagittal Craniosynostosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 1557-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis S. Bergquist ◽  
Allison C. Nauta ◽  
Nathan R. Selden ◽  
Anna A. Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Head Size ◽  
Time Of Surgery ◽  
Sagittal Craniosynostosis
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