Use of the cytomegalovirus antigenemia (CMV-Ag) assay for the detection of CMV in the blood of AIDS patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1059-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Lipson ◽  
Mark H. Kaplan ◽  
Ling-Fang Tseng ◽  
Francine S. Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Shell Vial ◽  
Blind Passage ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Assay ◽  
Indirect Immunoperoxidase ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Term Identification

Direct specimen testing was performed on 186 peripheral blood specimens to identify the presence of antigen to cytomegalovirus (viz., the cytomegalovirus antigenemia (CMV-Ag) assay). Confirmatory testing was performed using the shell vial indirect immunofluorescence assay (SVA-IFA), the indirect immunoperoxidase assay (TC-IPA), and conventional tube culture isolation (TC-CPE). The primary reagent for the CMV-Ag assay consisted of anti-CMV monoclonal antibody directed against the internal matrix structural phosphoprotein (1C3; Clonatec-Biosoft, France). The 72-kDa early nuclear antigen (Dupont) was utilized in the SVA-IFA and the TC-IPA. All test systems received an equal number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the inoculum. CMV was detected and isolated from 30% (55/186) of the specimens evaluated by either one or a combination of the tests. Detection and (or) isolation of CMV from blood by the CMV-Ag assay, SV-IFA, TC-IPA, and TC-CPE occurred at a rate of 17 (31/186), 12 (22/186), 16 (29/186), and 26% (49/186). Three of 55 positive specimens were identified only by the CMV-Ag assay; each patient in question, however, had at least one previous CMV isolate. No significant differences in sensitivity occurred between the CMV-Ag assay, the SVA-IFA, or the TC-IPA. However, TC-CPE including the blind passage of all negative tube cultures yielded a significantly larger number of positive blood specimens than either of the rapid detection methodologies. The CMV-Ag assay encompasses the benefits of a nonculture system, is simple to perform and easy to read, permits a same-day diagnosis, and requires less reagents than the routinely used SVA-IFA or TC-IPA. The CMV-Ag assay and TC-CPE including a blind passage are recommended assays for the rapid and then long-term identification, respectively, of CMV in the blood of AIDS patients.Key words: cytomegalovirus, antigenemia, blood, AIDS.

scholarly journals Maternal Deaths in NSW (2000–2006) from Nonmedical Causes (Suicide and Trauma) in the First Year following Birth

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Thornton ◽  
Virginia Schmied ◽  
Cindy-Lee Dennis ◽  
Bryanne Barnett ◽  
Hannah Grace Dahlen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
First Year ◽  
Accidental Injury ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
Term Identification ◽  
Health Diagnosis

Introduction. Trauma, including suicide, accidental injury, motor traffic accidents, and homicides, accounts for 73% of all maternal deaths (early and late) in NSW annually. Late maternal deaths are underreported and are not as well documented or acknowledged as early deaths.Methods. Linked population datasets from births, hospital admissions, and death registrations were analysed for the period from 1 July 2000 to 31 December 2007.Results. There were 552 901 births and a total of 129 maternal deaths. Of these deaths, 37 were early deaths (early MMR of 6.7/100 000) and 92 occurred late (late MMR of 16.6/100 000). Sixty-seven percent of deceased women had a mental health diagnosis and/or a mental health issue related to substance abuse noted. A notable peak in deaths appeared to occur from 9 to 12 months following birth with the odds ratio of a woman dying of nonmedical causes within 9–12 months of birth being 3.8 (95% CI 1.55–9.01) when compared to dying within the first 3 months following birth.Conclusion. Perinatal services are often constructed to provide short-term support. Long-term identification and support of women at particular risk of maternal death due to suicide and trauma in the first year following birth may help lower the incidence of late maternal deaths.

scholarly journals A49 Emerging rodent-borne viral pathogens in Italy: Overview of seroprevalence and genomic investigations

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Alfano ◽  
V Tagliapietra ◽  
D Arnoldi ◽  
F Rosso ◽  
C Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Northeastern Italy

Abstract Rodents play a key role as reservoirs of many zoonotic pathogens which represent an emerging public health threat worldwide. Among these, Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV) is the most pathogenic hantavirus in Europe with a case-fatality rate of up to 12 per cent, while Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) has a mortality rate below 1 per cent. Both viruses are predominantly transmitted to humans through the inhalation of infected particles in aerosolized urine, feces, or saliva that are shed in the environment by chronically infected hosts, such as the yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis. Although no human cases of DOBV or LCMV have been reported in the Province of Trento (northeastern Italy) thus far, in order to evaluate the human hazard for these viruses, the prevalence of antibodies to DOBV and LCMV has been monitored using a specific immunofluorescence assay test in a wild population of A. flavicollis since 2000. These investigations have shown that the two RNA viruses circulate silently in this species in the study area. In particular, a sudden increase (up to 12.5%) in DOBV seroprevalence was observed in this rodent species between 2010 and 2012. Several efforts have been undertaken to isolate these viruses and characterize their genomes, but it has not yet been possible to detect viral RNA from seropositive mice using traditional methods such as RT-PCR. Since RNA viruses are very diverse and often difficult to isolate, innovative molecular methods based on viral targeted enrichment and high-throughput sequencing have been applied. We intend to report on this long-term seroprevalence study and provide an overview of the molecular approaches adopted in the attempt to confirm the presence of these viruses, and identify which variants are circulating in the region, as well as their pathogenicity.

Long-Term Nonclinical Pulmonary Safety Assessment of Afrezza, a Novel Insulin Inhalation Powder

2020 ◽  
pp. 019262332096042
Author(s):  
Stephanie F. Greene ◽  
Kristen J. Nikula ◽  
Dominic Poulin ◽  
Kevin McInally ◽  
Jack A. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Mucus Cell ◽  
Carcinogenicity Study ◽  
Inhaled Insulin ◽  
Carcinogenic Potential ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Proliferating Cell ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Afrezza delivers inhaled insulin using the Gen2 inhaler for the treatment of patients with type 1 and type 2 Diabetes. Afrezza was evaluated in long-term nonclinical pulmonary safety studies in 2 toxicology species. Chronic inhalation toxicology studies in rat (26 weeks) and dog (39 weeks) and an inhalation carcinogenicity study in rats were conducted with Technosphere insulin (Afrezza) and with Technosphere alone as a vehicle control. Respiratory tract tissues were evaluated by histopathology and cells expressing proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were quantified in lungs of rats. Microscopic findings in rats exposed to Afrezza were attributed to the Technosphere particle component, were confined to nasal epithelia, and consisted of eosinophilic globules and nasal epithelial degeneration. There were no Afrezza-related changes in pulmonary PCNA labeling indices in alveoli, large bronchioles, or terminal bronchioles. Microscopic findings in rats exposed to Technosphere particles included eosinophilic globules, mucus cell hyperplasia, and epithelial degeneration in the nasal cavities. PCNA labeling indices were increased in large bronchioles and terminal bronchioles but not in alveoli. There were no Technosphere particle-related findings in the dog study. Afrezza did not exhibit carcinogenic potential in the 2-year study in rats. These nonclinical inhalation studies support the use of Afrezza in humans over extended periods.

scholarly journals Detection of 793/B serotype of infectious bronchitis virus in tissue sample by indirect immunoperoxidase assay

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-352
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Shamsaddini-Bafti ◽  
M. Vasfi-Marandi ◽  
R. Momayez ◽  
R. Toroghi ◽  
S. A. Pourbakhsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Assay ◽  
Indirect Immunoperoxidase

Long-Term Enhanced Expression of Heat Shock Proteins and Decelerated Apoptosis in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes from Major Burn Patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ogura ◽  
Naoyuki Hashiguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Tanaka ◽  
Taichin Koh ◽  
Mitsuhiro Noborio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Major Burn ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Shock Proteins

scholarly journals A Cytopathic Effect-Based Tissue Culture Method for HCoV-OC43 Titration Using TMPRSS2-Expressing VeroE6 Cells

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Hirose ◽  
Naoto Watanabe ◽  
Risa Bandou ◽  
Takuma Yoshida ◽  
Tomo Daidoji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Viral Kinetics ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Assay ◽  
Indirect Immunoperoxidase

ABSTRACT Human coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43 rarely shows a cytopathic effect (CPE) after infection of various cell lines, and the indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IPA), a relatively complex procedure, has long been used as an alternative assay. Because HCoV-OC43 uses cell-surface transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) for cell entry, VeroE6 cells expressing TMPRSS2 may show a clear CPE after HCoV-OC43 infection. The aim of this study was to construct a 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay for HCoV-OC43 based on CPE evaluation using VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells. VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells showed clear CPEs 3 to 4 days after low-titer HCoV-OC43 infection. Evaluation of viral kinetics indicated that the viral titer in the culture supernatant of VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells in the early stages of infection was higher than that of other cells. In comparison, between the CPE-based and the IPA-based (i.e., the reference titer) methods, the titer measured with CPE evaluation 4 to 5 days after infection using VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells showed a much smaller difference from the reference titer than that measured using other cells. Thus, the TCID50 assay using CPE evaluation with VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells provides the correct titer value and will greatly contribute to future research on HCoV-OC43. IMPORTANCE HCoV-OC43 rarely shows a cytopathic effect (CPE) in infected cell lines, and thus the plaque and TCID50 assays by CPE observation are not applicable for titration; the indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) is used instead. However, the IPA is relatively complex, time-consuming, costly, and not suitable for simultaneous titration of many samples. We developed a TCID50 assay using CPE evaluation with TMPRSS2-expressing VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells that provides the same accuracy as the conventional IPA-based viral titration and does not require any staining procedures using antibodies or substrates. This titration method will greatly contribute to future research on HCoV-OC43 by allowing simple, low-cost, and accurate titration of this virus.

scholarly journals Longevity of Radiofrequency Identification Device Microchips in Citrus Trees

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim D. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Radiofrequency Identification ◽  
Term Identification ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Citrus Trees

Long-term identification of individual plants in the field is an important part of many types of research. In a previous report, we described methods for using implanted radiofrequency identification device (RFID) microchips to tag citrus trees for field research. This report provides an update on the RFID technology for use in plants, the effect of implanted chips on long-term plant growth, and survival of the microchips over time. The microchips were found to have no significant effect on plant health and growth, and most microchips continued to work well through the first 6 years after implantation. Implanted RFID microchips appear useful for long-term tagging of citrus and other woody plant species.

scholarly journals Deep learning solution for children long-term identification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolajs Bumanis ◽  
◽  
Gatis Vitols ◽  
Irina Arhipova ◽  
Inga Meirane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Object Tracking ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Feature Analysis ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Popular Method ◽  
Automated Learning ◽  
Identification Analysis ◽  
Term Identification

Deep learning algorithms are becoming default solution for application in business processes where recognition, identification and automated learning are involved. For human identification, analysis of various features can be applied. Face feature analysis is most popular method for identification of person in various stages of life, including children and infants. The aim of this research was to propose deep learning solution for long-term identification of children in educational institutions. Previously proposed conceptual model for long-term re-identification was enhanced. The enhancements include processing of unexpected persons’ scenarios, knowledge base improvements based on results of supervised and unsupervised learning, implementation of video surveillance zones within educational institutions and object tracking results’ data chaining between multiple logical processes. Object tracking results are the solution we found for long-term identification realization.

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