Characterization of the cell wall of Butyrivibrio species

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 912-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Hespell ◽  
K. Kato ◽  
J. W. Costerton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Positive Type ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Dna Relatedness ◽  
Molar Ratios

Most Butyrivibrio strains have been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of animals and have been classified as Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. A few strains isolated from human feces are designated as Butyrivibrio crossatus, the other species in this genus. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens strains are anaerobic, curved rods that produce butyrate, but numerous studies have shown that these strains display considerable variations in phenotypic properties and heterogeneity in DNA relatedness. Although over 60 strains have been characterized in these respects, the cell wall structure of only a few strains has been studied. In this study, cell wall related properties of 12 strains representative of five DNA relatedness groups were examined. All strains were very sensitive to penicillin and other antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis. Although an occasional resistant strain was found, most strains were sensitive to a variety of protein synthesis antibiotics that included aminoglycosides and tetracycline. In contrast, all strains were highly resistant to nalidixic acid. Peptidoglycans were isolated from seven B. fibrisolvens strains and Lachnospira multiparus. Compositional analyses indicated molar ratios of 0.7:2:2:1:0.8 for muramic acid, glucosamine, alanine, glutamic acid, and diaminopimelic acid, respectively, in all peptidoglycans, which also showed a low degree of cross-linking. A trichloroacetic acid extractable galactosamine-containing polysaccharide copurified with the Butyrivibrio peptidoglycans. Electron microscopy of thin sections showed all strains to possess a Gram-positive type of cell wall that was atypically thin (12–18 nm). Most strains also displayed external (surface) polysaccharide layers. Cytoplasmic inclusions and granules were evident in many strains and were composed of polysaccharides, on the basis of cell composition analyses. The findings that Butyrivibrio strains have overall similarities in cell wall properties, but differences in DNA relatedness, suggest that these organisms should be classified as several more species in the same genus or family.Key words: Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Butyrivibrio crossatus, cell wall, peptidoglycan, ruminal bacteria.

scholarly journals Virgibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from a Korean island, Dokdo, located at the edge of the East Sea in Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1833-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hoon Yoon ◽  
So-Jung Kang ◽  
Soo-Young Lee ◽  
Mi-Hwa Lee ◽  
Tae-Kwang Oh
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
East Sea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Dna Relatedness ◽  
Type Strains

A Gram-variable, motile, endospore-forming, slightly halophilic bacterial strain, DSW-10T, was isolated from Dokdo, an island located at the edge of the East Sea, Korea, and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. This isolate grew optimally at 37 °C and in the presence of 4–5 % NaCl. Strain DSW-10T had cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as major fatty acids. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 36·7 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DSW-10T is phylogenetically affiliated to the genus Virgibacillus, and exhibited sequence similarity of 95·3–98·7 % to the type strains of Virgibacillus species. DNA–DNA relatedness levels between strain DSW-10T and the type strains of some phylogenetically related Virgibacillus species were in the range 8·4–17·5 %. On the basis of phenotypic properties and phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, strain DSW-10T (=KCTC 3933T=DSM 16826T) was classified as the type strain of a novel Virgibacillus species, for which the name Virgibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Die gemeinsame Wurzel der Lyse von Escherichia coli durch Penicillin oder durch Phagen

1957 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Weidel ◽  
J. Primosigh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Growing Cell ◽  
Cell Wall Disruption ◽  
Entire Cell

One of the two layers of the E. coli B cell wall is shown to possess the chemical composition typical of a gram-positive microorganism. It is this layer which lends support and strength to the entire cell wall structure, its rigidity depending up on the incorporation of building blocks made up from alanine, glutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid, muramic acid and glucosamine.Phage enzyme is an agent capable of removing these stabilizing units from the „gram-positive “ layer, thereby causing it to collapse. Penicillin appears to prevent the biosynthetic incorporation of the same stabilizing units into growing cell walls, thus producing eventually the effect of cell wall disruption in a basically similar way.The rather manifold aspects of these findings are discussed at some length.

Quantitative Bausteinanalyse der Stützmembran in der Zellwand von Escherichia coli B

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Martin ◽  
H. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Rigid Layer ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Escherichia Coli B

The three concentric layers of the cell wall of E. coli B (the outer lipoprotein layer, the intermediate lipopolysaccharide layer and the inner protein- and mucopolymer containing rigid layer) contribute 60%, 12% and 21%, respectively, to the total weight of the cell wall. — Treatment of the rigid layer with proteolytic enzymes removes the bulk of its protein components but leaves it otherwise intact: still rigid and cell-shaped, it is found to contain glucose, lipid and the mucopeptide constituents muramic acid, glucosamine, diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine in molar ratios corresponding to the chemical compositions of known enzymatic mucopolymer split-products from E. coli-walls. Quantitative balance sheets of these components are made up and their implications on the structural concept of the rigid layer are discussed.

scholarly journals THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF BACTERIAL SPORES

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Warth ◽  
D. F. Ohye ◽  
W. G. Murrell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Soluble Fractions

The composition of the insoluble "integuments" and soluble "contents" fractions of spores of four Bacillus species of widely differing heat resistance were compared. Electron microscopy of thin sections was also used to determine and compare the morphological structures in the integument preparations. The soluble fractions of the thermophiles, B. coagulans and B. stearothermophilus, had a higher content of hexose and dipicolinic acid. The hexose content of both fractions of the four species was related to heat resistance. Integument fractions consisted chiefly of protein together with variable amounts of the mucopeptide constituents, α, ϵ-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) and hexosamine. In the thermophiles the DAP and hexosamine were found chiefly in the insoluble integuments fractions, while in B. cereus and B. subtilis most of this material was soluble. Integument preparations, containing mainly protein with little mucopeptide, consisted chiefly of outer and inner spore coats, while preparations having more mucopeptide contained also residual cortical material and a cortical membrane (possibly the germ cell wall). The results suggest that spore integuments consist of mainly proteinaceous outer and inner coats together with variable amounts of residual cortex and cortical membrane which contain the mucopeptide material.

scholarly journals Bacillus hisashii sp. nov., isolated from the caeca of gnotobiotic mice fed with thermophile-fermented compost

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_11) ◽  
pp. 3944-3949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaka Nishida ◽  
Hirokuni Miyamoto ◽  
Sankichi Horiuchi ◽  
Ryo Watanabe ◽  
Hidetoshi Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tween 80 ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Dna Relatedness ◽  
Diamino Acid ◽  
Gnotobiotic Mice ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Hydrolysis Activity ◽  
Produce Acid

A taxonomic study was performed on 15 bacterial isolates from the caeca of gnotobiotic mice that had been fed with thermophile-fermented compost. The 15 isolates were thermophilic, Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria, and were most closely related to Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain N-11T, selected as representative of this new group, showed a similarity of 99.4 % with Bacillus thermoamylovorans CNCM I-1378T, 94.7 % with Bacillus thermolactis R-6488T, and 94.4 % with Bacillus kokeshiiformis MO-04T. The isolates were then classified into two distinct groups based on a (GTG)5-fingerprint analysis. Two isolates, N-11T and N-21, were the representatives of these two groups, respectively.` The N-11T and N-21 isolates showed 66–71 % DNA–DNA relatedness with one other, but had less than 37 % DNA–DNA relatedness with B. thermoamylovorans LMG 18084T. The other 13 isolates showed DNA–DNA relatedness values above 74 % with the N-11T isolate. All 15 isolates grew at 25–60 °C (optimum 50 °C), pH 6–8 (optimum pH 7) and were capable of growing on a medium containing 6 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5 %). The 15 isolates could be distinguished from B. thermoamylovorans LMG 18084T because they showed Tween 80 hydrolysis activity and did not produce acid from melibiose. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and several unidentified phospholipids. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The menaquinone was MK-7. The DNA G+C content was 37.9 mol%. Based on the phenotypic properties, the 15 strains represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus hisashii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N-11T ( = NRBC 110226T = LMG 28201T).

scholarly journals Bacillus solimangrovi sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1622-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geun-Hye Lee ◽  
Moon-Soo Rhee ◽  
Dong-Ho Chang ◽  
Kae Kyoung Kwon ◽  
Kyung Sook Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dna Relatedness ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Mangrove Soil

Two novel bacterial strains, GH2-4T and GH2-5, were isolated from mangrove soil near the seashore of Weno island in Chuuk state, Micronesia, and were characterized by a polyphasic approach. The two strains were strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, motile, endospore-forming rods that were catalase- and oxidase-positive. Colonies were circular, convex, stringy and transparent yellowish (GH2-4T) or opaque whitish (GH2-5). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two isolates were identical. The most closely related strains in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were Bacillus kochii WCC 4582T, B. horneckiae DSM 23495T, B. azotoformans LMG 9581T, B. cohnii DSM 6307T and B. halmapalus DSM 8723T (95.6, 95.4, 95.4, 95.2 and 95.2 % similarity, respectively). The partial groEL sequence of strain GH2-4T was identical to that of strain GH2-5 and showed <85 % similarity to those of the most closely related strains. The isolates grew at pH 5–12 (optimal growth at pH 9), at 10–40 °C (optimum 30–35 °C) and at 0–9 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1–3 % NaCl). The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and cell-wall hydrolysates contained ribose as a major sugar. The DNA G+C content was 36 mol%, and DNA–DNA relatedness between the isolates and five related reference strains was 20–24 %. Strain GH2-4T exhibited 81 % DNA–DNA relatedness with strain GH2-5. The major cellular fatty acids of both strains were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0 and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strains GH2-4T and GH2-5 ( = KCTC 33143 = JCM 18995 = DSM 27084) represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus solimangrovi sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is GH2-4T ( = KCTC 33142T = JCM 18994T = DSM 27083T).

Ultrastructural studies on the bacterium associated with the ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Weaver ◽  
DS Teakle ◽  
AC Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Positive Type ◽  
Ratoon Stunting Disease ◽  
Coryneform Bacteria ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Xylem Cell

The bacterium associated with ratoon stunting disease of sugar-cane was studied in thin sections of agar-embedded pellets of fibrovascular extracts, and in situ in the xylem of sugar-cane. The bacterium often possessed a single large lamellar mesosome, and the cell wall was smooth in outline and of the Gram-positive type. It lacked the acidic mucopolysaccharide capsule which was observed in several species of plant pathogenic coryneform bacteria. The bacterium was seen in the lumen and the pits of the xylem vessels and sometimes appeared to be in the xylem cell wall.

scholarly journals S-Layered Aneurinibacillus andBacillus spp. Are Susceptible to the Lytic Action ofPseudomonas aeruginosa Membrane Vesicles

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (9) ◽  
pp. 2306-2311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Kadurugamuwa ◽  
A. Mayer ◽  
P. Messner ◽  
M. Sára ◽  
U. B. Sleytr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Protein Chemistry ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Lytic Action

ABSTRACT When S-layered strains of Bacillus stearothermophilusand Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus, possessing S-layers of different lattice type and lattice constant as well as S-(glyco)protein chemistry, and isogenic S-layerless variants were subjected to membrane vesicles (MVs) from P. aeruginosaduring plaque assays on plates or CFU measurements on cell suspensions, all bacterial types lysed. Electron microscopy of negative stains, thin sections, and immunogold-labelled MV preparations revealed that the vesicles adhered to all bacterial surfaces, broke open, and digested the underlying peptidoglycan-containing cell wall of all cell types. Reassembled S-layer did not appear to be affected by MVs, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the S-(glyco)proteins remained intact. meso-Diaminopimelic acid, as a peptidoglycan breakdown product, was found in all culture supernatants after MV attack. These results suggest that even though MVs are much larger than the channels which penetrate these proteinaceous arrays, S-layers on gram-positive bacteria do not form a defensive barrier against the lytic action of MVs. The primary mode of attack is by the liberation from the MVs of a peptidoglycan hydrolase, which penetrates through the S-layer to digest the underlying peptidoglycan-containing cell wall. The S-layer is not affected by MV protease.

scholarly journals Halobacillus campisalis sp. nov., containing meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and emended description of the genus Halobacillus

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 2021-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hoon Yoon ◽  
So-Jung Kang ◽  
Yong-Taek Jung ◽  
Tae-Kwang Oh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Cell Wall Peptidoglycan ◽  
Type Strains

A Gram-positive or variable, motile and coccoid or oval-shaped bacterial strain, ASL-17T, was isolated from a marine solar saltern of the Yellow Sea in Korea and its exact taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Strain ASL-17T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0 and 37 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ASL-17T is most closely affiliated phylogenetically to the genus Halobacillus. Strain ASL-17T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.7–98.6 % to the type strains of recognized Halobacillus species. Interestingly, strain ASL-17T had cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid, unlike other Halobacillus species. It contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 42.1 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness data and differential phenotypic properties demonstrated that strain ASL-17T can be differentiated from recognized Halobacillus species. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genetic data, strain ASL-17T represents a novel species of the genus Halobacillus, for which the name Halobacillus campisalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ASL-17T (=KCTC 13144T =CCUG 54360T).

scholarly journals An Electron Microscopic Investigation into the Effect of EDTA on Plant Cell Wall

1960 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimon Klein ◽  
B. Ginzburg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Thin Sections

To study the effect of EDTA on cell wall structure and the reversal of this effect by uranyl ion, thin sections of pea root tips were examined in the electron microscope. EDTA is known to facilitate separation of the cells in root tips. When sections of fixed and embedded EDTA-treated roots are floated on a uranyl-acetate solution, a loose network is revealed that would seem to be cellulose. Incorporation of uranyl into the roots, if it occurs prior to fixation, brings about recementation of the cells. After such treatment, a marginal darker area and a median brighter one can be observed in the wall, and the whole structure appears more compact again. Comparison of the results of the various treatments suggests that cellulose-cementing material is dispersed throughout the entire wall, and that its distribution parallels that of cellulose.

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