Fate of human enteric viruses, coliphages, and Clostridium perfringens during drinking-water treatment

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses

The elimination of human enteric viruses, coliphages, and Clostridium perfringens was studied during a conventional complete drinking-water treatment process. The respective concentrations (geometric mean) of these microorganisms in 100-L samples of river water were, respectively, as follows: viruses, 79 mpniu (most probable number of infectious units) per 100 L, coliphages, 6565 pfu (plaque-forming units) per 100 L, and clostridia, 11 349 cfu (colony-forming units) per 100 L. After pre-disinfection, flocculation with alum, and settling, human enteric viruses were not detected in any of the 100-L samples (<4 mpniu/100 L), but coliphages were detected in 7 of 14 samples and clostridia in 15 of 16 samples. In filtered water samples, human enteric viruses were detected in 2 of 31 samples, coliphages in 10 of 33, and clostridia in 17 of 33. Finished water was free of human enteric viruses (0/162 samples), but coliphages were detected in one sample (1.5 pfu/100 L) and clostridia in three, at 1.0, 4.1, and 7.0 cfu/100 L. It thus appears that coliphages and clostridia, which are present in larger numbers than viruses in river water and which may have similar resistance to drinking-water treatments, may be useful for estimating the level of treatment attained when large volumes of water (1000 L or greater) are sampled. Key words: drinking water, removal, bacterial viruses, coliphages, Clostridium, enteric viruses.

Elimination of Coliphages, Clostridium perfringens and Human Enteric Viruses during Drinking Water Treatment: Results of Large Volume Samplings

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Method ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses

Using a single filtration method of 100 L (raw and settled water) or 1000 L (filtered and tap water) volumes, the elimination of human enteric viruses, coliphages and Clostridium perfringens was studied during drinking water treatment. The VIRADEL method was used for the concentration of these microorganisms on electronegative filters. Concentrates were assayed for human enteric viruses on MA-104 cells using two blind passages and our HISG-immunoperoxidase method. Coliphages were assayed by plaque assay using a nalidixic-acid resistant (selected in our laboratory) ATCC 13706 E. coli host strain by thé doulle layer agar method. Clostridium perfringens were enumerated by membrane filtration on m-CP agar (Difco). The water filtration plant studied uses full conventional treatment including ozonation and post-chlorination. The results obtained suggest that, using similar volumes of waters for the detection of these indicators, coliphages and C. perfringens are slightly more resistant than cultivable human enteric viruses and that they could thus serve as rapid indicators for the elimination of human enteric viruses in treated waters.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Treatment by Inductively Coupled Plasma System to Remove of Microorganisms in River Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reni Desmiarti ◽  
Ariadi Hazmi ◽  
Primas Emeraldi ◽  
Munas Martynis ◽  
Yenni Trianda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Plasma System ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Inductively coupled plasma system was used in drinking water treatment system to kill the microorganisms in water such as total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) and other coliforms (OC) from river water. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flowrate on removal efficiency (RE), death rate, and death yield and energy consumption of bacteria's. The frequency of the system was set at 4.6 MHz. The results show that the removal efficiencies and death rate of TC, FC and OC decreased with increasing flowrate. Compared to FC, the first-order reactions of TC and OC were lower in the following order: FC > OC > TC. The death yield of TC and OC significantly increased when the removal efficiency increased. The electromagnetic flux varied from 19.44 to 20.55 W/cm2 and the energy consumption was 0.26, 0.32, and 0.67 with flow rate at 20, 10 and 5 mL/minute, respectively. These results are very necessary to improve drinking water treatment.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KUALITAS AIR BAKU DENGAN PROSES BIOFILTER TERCELUP MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA STRUKTUR SARANG TAWON

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said ◽  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
High Organic Matter

Contamination of rivers has reached an alarming level, especially in the rivers passing through major cities, agricultural areas and industrial areas. Among the contaminants that often appear dominant and very disturbing is the organic substance. The existence of high organic matter within the river water is often expressed in permanganate number that has passed the quality standard. River that contain high organic matter usually the water smell and the color is black, besides it can also cause disturbances in the water treatment process, which is an increasing use of coagulants, chlorine, activated carbon, and the emergence of substances that are not desired, and the quality of treatment results are unsatisfactory. Many ways to reduce the organic matter in river water, one of them is by using the biofilter honeycomb structure. The target of the reduction of organic substances is that the river water could be used as a raw drinking water quality standards or meet the category B, Regulation of Jakarta Governor Number 582, 1995. Raw water used for this study were taken from Krukut River which is the raw water for Regional Water Company PALYJA, Production Installation III Cilandak, South Jakarta and Cengkareng Drain river water, which is currently used as a source of raw water for PAM Taman Kota, West Jakarta using a biofilter reactor aerobic system, the capacity of 50 - 200 m3, Capasity of Blowers 300 l /min, Residence Time 6 hours up to 1 hour. Test results on the residence time of 1 hour, parameters pH, TSS, turbidity, organic substances, detergents, manganese, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, can meet the standard, except for iron which still exceeds the standard. To improve the removal  efficiency of organic matter and iron, at the beginning of processing before entering into the drinking water treatment unit need to be added powder active carbon and an oxidizing agent with a sufficient dose. Keywords: Organic substances, biofilter, aerobic, honeycomb plastic media.

Ceramic membranes for direct river water treatment applying coagulation and microfiltration

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loi-Brügger ◽  
S. Panglisch ◽  
P. Buchta ◽  
K. Hattori ◽  
H. Yonekawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
River Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operating

A new ceramic membrane has been designed by NGK Insulators Ltd., Japan, to compete in the drinking water treatment market. The IWW Water Centre, Germany, investigated the operational performance and economical feasibility of this ceramic membrane in a one year pilot study of direct river water treatment with the hybrid process of coagulation and microfiltration. The aim of this study was to investigate flux, recovery, and DOC retention performance and to determine optimum operating conditions of NGK's ceramic membrane filtration system with special regards to economical aspects. Temporarily, the performance of the ceramic membrane was challenged under adverse conditions. During pilot plant operation river water with turbidities between 3 and 100 FNU was treated. Membrane flux was increased stepwise from 80–300 l/m2h resulting in recoveries between 95.9 and 98.9%. A DOC removal between about 20–35% was achieved. The pilot study and the subsequent economical evaluation showed the potential to provide a reliable and cost competitive process option for water treatment. The robustness of the ceramic membrane filtration process makes it attractive for a broad range of water treatment applications and, due to low maintenance requirements, also suitable for drinking water treatment in developing countries.

scholarly journals Demonstrating the reduction of enteric viruses by drinking water treatment during snowmelt episodes in urban areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 100091
Author(s):  
Émile Sylvestre ◽  
Michèle Prévost ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Burnet ◽  
Xiaoli Pang ◽  
Yuanyuan Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment

scholarly journals Analisis Bakteri Coliform Pada Air Minum Isi Ulang Di Wilayah Poasia Kota Kendari

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Askrening Askrening ◽  
Reni Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Alternative Water

The existence of safe drinking water now begin to be limited in number, so that the existence of refill drinking water depotbecomes an alternative water treatment process, in principle, should be able to eliminate all kinds of pollutants, includingcoliform bacteria, which is a group of bacteria used as an indicator of pollution, waste and conditions which are not good forwater. This study aims to determine coliform bacteria contamination in refill drinking water depot in Poasia Kendari. The typeof research is descriptive analytic approach using MPN (Most Probable Number). These samples included 10 samples takenwith saturated total sampling method. Data were analyzed by using frequency distribution. The results showed that thesamples were positive in getting as much as 6 samples (60%) and over the limit contamination and negative samples ingetting as many as four samples (40%), so it can be concluded that from coliform bacteria identification of 10 samples of refilldrinking water in Poasia Kendari, 6 samples were identified contaminated with coliform bacteria and microbial contaminationwas over the limit of PERMENKES 492 / Menkes / Per / IV.2010.

scholarly journals Decentralized solar-powered drinking water ozonation in Western Kenya: an evaluation of disinfection efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Colin Hendrickson ◽  
Jared Oremo ◽  
Oscar Oluoch Akello ◽  
Simon Bunde ◽  
Isaac Rayola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Solar Powered

Background: Decentralized drinking water treatment methods generally apply membrane-based treatment approaches. Ozonation of drinking water, which previously has only been possible at large centralized facilities, can now be accomplished on a small-scale using microplasma technology. The efficacy of decentralized solar-powered ozonation for drinking water treatment is not known. Methods: We established a 1,000L decentralized solar-powered water treatment system located in Kisumu County, Kenya. Highly contaminated surface water is pumped to the treatment system, which includes flocculation and filtration steps prior to ozonation. Turbidity, total coliform bacteria, and E. coli were measured at various stages of water treatment, and bacterial log reduction values (LRVs) were calculated. Results: Nine trials were conducted treating 1000L of water in three hours. Baseline turbidity and E. coli concentrations were reduced from a median of 238 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) and 2,752 most probable number/100mL, respectively, in surface water to 1.0 NTU and undetectable E. coli per100mL in finished drinking water. The nine trials yielded a mean E. coli LRV of 3.36 (2.71-4.00, 95% CI). Conclusions: Based on the observed reduction of E. coli, the solar-powered system shows promise as a means for producing safe drinking water. Further research is needed to characterize limitations, scalability, economic viability, and community perspectives that could help determine the role for similar systems in other settings.

BEHAVIOUR OF OZONATION BY-PRODUCTS DURING ADVANCED DRINKING WATER TREATMENT WITH PEARL RIVER WATER

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
Chun-De Wu ◽  
Zhi-Lin Zhang ◽  
Fauzia Naluswata ◽  
Bo-Jie Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
By Products ◽  
Advanced Drinking Water Treatment

Two Year Survey of Indicator Bacteria and Enteroviruses during the Preparation of Drinking Water from Three Water Treatment Plants in Paris Suburbs

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 107-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Joret ◽  
T. Dupin ◽  
A. Hassen ◽  
F. Agbalika ◽  
P. Hartemann
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
Coxsackievirus B4 ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Three conventional drinking water treatment plants were sampled monthly during a two year period for the removal of indicator bacteria and enteroviruses. Most 20 ℓ samples of raw river water were positive for viruses (principally Coxsackievirus B4 and B6, and echoviruses) with average virus concentrations varying from 0-3.5 PFU/ℓ for the less polluted river water (103-104 fecal coliforms/100 mℓ) to 0.1-20 PFU/ℓ for the highly polluted source (104-105 fecal coliforms/100 mℓ). In spite of these high levels of bacterial contamination, no viruses were detected from the 72 samples of 1 000 ℓ finished water. These results are discussed in regard to the virus removal efficiency of each treatment step previously evaluated by both pilot plant and full-scale water treatment plant studies. The mean virus removal was found to be 0-85% for storage (3 day period) of river water, 64-98% for preozonation (0.8 mg/ℓ/2-3 minutes), 31-90% for clarification by coagulation, flocculation and decantation, and 77-99% for sand filtration (5m/h). Total coliform counts were found to be good indicators of treatment for the presence of viruses in postozonated (1.5 mg/ℓ/10 min) water.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document