Nitrate reduction to ammonia: a dissimilatory process in Enterobacter amnigenus

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fazzolari ◽  
A. Mariotti ◽  
J. C. Germon
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production ◽  
Enterobacter Amnigenus

Thirty-four bacterial isolates from an agricultural soil anaerobically preincubated in the presence of glucose were tested for their ability to reduce nitrate to ammonia or to denitrify in two different media: nitrate broth and a minimal medium enriched with glucose. Ten isolates were considered denitrifying bacteria and 7 were dissimilatory ammonia producers. Ammonia production by the isolate identified as Enterobacter amnigenus was quantified and attained 50% of 138 mg∙L−1 of added NO3− N. The dissimilatory character of this reduction was clearly confirmed by culturing this 15N-labeled bacterium in the presence of unlabeled nitrite. Nitrous oxide was produced at the same time as nitrite was reduced to ammonia. Increasing nitrate N levels from 48 to 553 mg∙L−1 in culture medium resulted in an increase in the level of nitrite produced and simultaneously a decrease in ammonia and nitrous oxide production. Key words: dissimilatory nitrate reduction, dissimilatory ammonia production, denitrification, Enterobacter amnigenus, 15N.

Dissimilatory ammonia production vs. denitrification in vitro and in inoculated agricultural soil samples

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 786-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Fazzolari ◽  
A. Mariotti ◽  
J. C. Germon
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Enterobacter Amnigenus

A dissimilatory ammonia-producing isolate identified as Enterobacter amnigenus and a denitrifier identified as Agrobacterium radiobacter isolated from the same soil were studied. The products of nitrate reduction in a minimal medium, enriched with glucose and containing nitrate N as the sole nitrogen source, were quantified when each of these isolates was cultured anaerobically, alone or mixed together in the presence or absence of C2H2. When they were cultured together, ammonia was the principal product of nitrate reduction. The distribution between denitrification and dissimilatory ammonia production (DAP) for nonsterilised soil samples inoculated with E. amnigenus or A. radiobacter, or a mixture of these two isolates, was also investigated. Production of NH4+ was increased under these conditions (strict anaerobiosis and much available fermentable carbon), but the inoculation of soil samples with 1.2 × 107 cells of E. amnigenus·g dried soil−1 was not sufficient to shift nitrate reduction from nitrous oxide (denitrification) to ammonia production, suggesting that inoculation with a greater number of DAP bacteria than introduced would probably be required to enable ammonia production to exceed nitrous oxide release. Key words: dissimilatory ammonia production, denitrification, Enterobacter amnigenus, Agrobacterium radiobacter.

scholarly journals Iron: The Forgotten Driver of Nitrous Oxide Production in Agricultural Soil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e60146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Zhu ◽  
Lucas C. R. Silva ◽  
Timothy A. Doane ◽  
William R. Horwath
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production

Nitrous oxide production kinetics during nitrate reduction in river sediments

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1753-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anniet M. Laverman ◽  
Josette A. Garnier ◽  
Emmanuelle M. Mounier ◽  
Céline L. Roose-Amsaleg
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Production Kinetics ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production

Potential of denitrification and nitrous oxide production from agricultural soil profiles (Seine Basin, France)

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Vilain ◽  
Josette Garnier ◽  
Céline Roose-Amsaleg ◽  
Patricia Laville
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production

Identification of regulatory genes to reduce N2O production

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
Sequential Reduction

Siciliano, S. D. 2014. Identification of regulatory genes to reduce N2O production. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1033–1036. The production of nitrous oxide occurs predominantly by microbial activity. This microbial activity can be broadly sub-divided into denitrification, the sequential reduction of nitrate to nitrous oxide or dinitrogen gas, or into nitrification, the sequential oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. The consumption of nitrous oxide occurs by microbial activity as well, but only by a single pathway, i.e., the activity of nitrous oxide reductase (nos). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the dominant producer of nitrous oxide in our agricultural ecosystems, and then explore how these producers interacted with other biological and edaphic factors to regulate overall nitrous oxide production. Finally, we also investigated what controlled nitrous oxide consumption in these agricultural ecosystems. Much to our surprise, the dominant production of nitrous oxide in these upland agricultural soils occurred by nitrification, likely the nitrification-denitrification pathway. In addition, a root exudate, formate, was a large driver of nitrous oxide release via its interaction with the fungal biomass under micro-aerophilic conditions. Despite these unusual sources of production, what became apparent was that the net flux of nitrous oxide in an agricultural soil was linked to denitrifier consumption of nitrous oxide. In conclusion, this project found that there was a wide variety of non-bacterial denitrifier producers of nitrous oxide in an agricultural soil and that they interact not only between themselves but with the plant community. However, the net production of nitrous oxide in agricultural fields was still tightly linked to bacterial denitrification, but through the consumption of nitrous oxide by bacterial denitrifiers.

Nitrous oxide production in two forested watersheds exhibiting symptoms of nitrogen saturation

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1723-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T Peterjohn ◽  
Richard J McGervey ◽  
Alan J Sexstone ◽  
Martin J Christ ◽  
Cassie J Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Saturation ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
N Saturation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Forested Watersheds ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils

A major concern about N saturation is that it may increase the production of a strong greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O). We measured N2O production in two forested watersheds, a young, fertilized forest (WS 3) and an older, unfertilized forest (WS 4), to (i) assess the importance of N2O production in forests showing symptoms of N saturation; (ii) estimate the contribution of chemoautrophic nitrification to total N2O production; and (iii) examine the relative importance of factors that may control N2O production. During the study period, mean monthly rates of N2O production (3.41-11.42 µ N ·m-2·h-1) were consistent with measurements from other well-drained forest soils but were much lower than measurements from N-rich sites with poorly drained soils. Chemoautotrophic nitrification was important in both watersheds, accounting for 60% (WS 3) and 40% (WS 4) of total N2O production. In WS 3, N2O production was enhanced by additions of CaCO3 and may be constrained by low soil pH. In WS 4, N2O production on south-facing slopes was exceptionally low, constrained by low NO3 availability, and associated with a distinct assemblage of woody vegetation. From this observation, we hypothesize that differences in vegetation can influence N cycling rates and susceptibility to N saturation.

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