Second-step reconcentration of environmental samples by ammonium sulfate flocculation of beef extract

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment ◽  
Michel Trudel
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
Coxsackievirus B ◽  
Acid Environment

Some enteric viruses are sensitive to the acid environment utilized during the concentration of viruses from water. The use of a neutral flocculant, neutralized ammonium sulfate at 50% saturation, permitted the recovery of 97% of the simian rotavirus SA-11, 87% of Coxsackievirus B-4, and 88% of poliovirus type 1. This method should permit a better recovery of enteric viruses from the environment.

Survie de virus entériques adsorbés sur microfibre de verre au cours d'un transport postal

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. -C. Joret ◽  
J. -C. Block
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Extract Solution ◽  
Beef Extract

The survival of enteric viruses (poliovirus type 1, Mahoney strain, and indigenous viruses of waste waters) has been studied after adsorption of the viruses (pH 3.5) on glass microfiber filters.After postal transport, the presence of the viruses was checked on the filters being soaked in a 3% beef extract solution (pH 7.5) either frozen or without protection against heat. Viruses were recovered at a rate of 59 to 65%.For qualitative studies, postal shipment of samples adsorbed on fiberglass may allow extension of a control system for enteroviruses in water. [Journal translation]

Modified Procedure for Extraction of Poliovirus from Naturally-Infected Oysters Using Cat-Floc and Beef Extract

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD F. LANDRY ◽  
JAMES M. VAUGHN ◽  
THOMAS J. VICALE
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Extraction Procedures ◽  
Precipitation Technique ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
Virus Recovery

Methods for recovery of poliovirus type 1 (LSc2ab) from naturally-infected oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were examined. Extraction procedures analyzed included glycine-saline and polyelectrolyte (Cat-Floc) methods followed by concentration using modifications of an acid precipitation technique, Direct viral assay of shellfish homogenates, when compared to virus recovery following extraction, indicated that substantially fewer viruses were detected in initial homogenates. These data appeared to support the contention that input values based on homogenate assay were inappropriate in determining recovery efficiencies with naturally-infected shellfish. Since absolute efficiencies could not be determined, relative efficiencies using samples from pooled homogenates were used to determine the recovery efficiencies of various extraction procedures. Cat-Floc extraction followed by a beef extract-modified acid precipitation technique resulted in higher virus recoveries than a glycine-saline extraction procedure.

Inactivation of coliphage MS-2 and poliovirus by copper, silver, and chlorine

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moyasar T. Yahya ◽  
Timothy M. Straub ◽  
Charles P. Gerba
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Inactivation Rate ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Test Systems

The efficacy of electrolytically generated copper and silver ions (400 and 40 μg/L, respectively) was evaluated separately and in combination with free chlorine (0.2 and 0.3 mg/L) for the inactivation of coliphage MS-2 and poliovirus type 1 in water at pH 7.3. The inactivation rate was calculated as log10 reduction/min: k = −(log10Ct/C0)/t. The inactivation of both viruses was at least 100 times slower in water containing 400 and 40 μg/L copper and silver, respectively (k = 0.023 and 0.0006 for MS-2 and poliovirus, respectively), compared with water containing 0.3 mg/L free chlorine (k = 4.88 and 0.036). Significant increases in the inactivation rates of both viruses were observed in test systems containing 400 and 40 μg/L copper and silver, respectively, with 0.3 mg/L free chlorine when compared with the water systems containing either metals or free chlorine alone. Poliovirus was approximately 10 times more resistant to the disinfectants than coliphage MS-2. This observation suggests either a synergistic or an additive effect between the metals and chlorine for inactivation of enteric viruses. Use of copper and silver ions in water systems currently used in swimming pools and spas may provide an alternative to high levels of chlorination. Key words: enteric viruses, poliovirus, coliphage MS-2, bacteriophage, disinfection, inactivation, copper, silver, chlorine.

A highly efficient second-step concentration technique for bacteriophages and enteric viruses using ammonium sulfate and Tween 80

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Armon ◽  
Max Arella ◽  
Pierre Payment
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
Potassium Tartrate ◽  
Coxsackievirus B ◽  
Virus Recovery ◽  
Nonionic Detergents ◽  
Floating Layer

Addition of Tween 80 to a 1.5% solution of beef extract was found to enhance the elution of bacteriophages adsorbed to electronegative filters. When reconcentration of the eluate was attempted by ammonium sulfate precipitation, a floating layer containing most of the viruses was formed. This floating layer can be obtained with several nonionic detergents including Tween 80 and under a salt saturation of 55% with ammonium sulfate, potassium tartrate, and sodium phosphate. Virus recovery ranged from 91 to 103% and was obtained with several bacteriophage strains. With poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus B-4, and rotavirus SA-11 the recoveries were 100, 20, and 80%, respectively, but toxicity to cell culture was encountered: after removal of the detergent by a second floating layer method the recovery was 32% for poliovirus. Compared with organic flocculation, this method also had both improved recovery for bacteriophages and protective properties for samples frozen at −70 °C.

Evaluation de l'efficacité de la technique d'adsorption-élution du poliovirus 1 sur filtres en fibres de verre: application à l'analyse virologique de 100 ml à 1000 ℓ d'eau

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1413-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment ◽  
Michel Trudel ◽  
Vytautas Pavilanis
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Water ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Elution Volume ◽  
Fiber Glass ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Overall Efficiency

The efficiency of the adsorption-elution technique using fiber glass filters to concentrate viruses from water was evaluated to detect poliovirus type 1 in drinking, river, and sewage water. At pH 3.5 and with 5 × 10−4 M aluminium chloride more than 99% were adsorbed to a 0.25-μm filter. Beef extract (3%), pH 9, eluted 85–95% of the adsorbed viruses and organic flocculation at pH 3.5 permitted to reconcentrate the viruses in 1/20of the elution volume with a 50–72% efficiency. The overall efficiency of the technique for 100 ml to 1000 ℓ of the different types of water using 102 to 106 PFU was 38 to 58%.

Comparative Resistance of Bacteriophages Active against Bacteroides fragilis to Inactivation by Chlorination or Ultraviolet Radiation

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bosch ◽  
C. Tartera ◽  
R. Gajardo ◽  
J. M. Diez ◽  
J. Jofre
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Resistant Microorganism

In order to assess the potential usefullness of bacteriophages active against Bacteroides fragilis for the monitoring of viral disinfection in environmental samples, the sensitivity to chlorination and to UV irradiation of bacteriophage B40-8 was evaluated in comparison to that of poliovirus type 1 (LSc2ab), simian rotavirus SA11, coliphage f2, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis. The inactivation of the different microorganisms by chlorine or UV treatment was monitored in tap water and sewage. The results indicated that viruses persisted significantly (p<0.05) longer than bacteria in the presence of both disinfectants. Phage B40-8 was the most resistant microorganism to chlorination (p<0.05) while coliphage f2 was the most resistant to UV irradiation. In the latter, phage B40-8 was nevertheless as resistant as poliovirus and rotavirus. As expected, all microorganisms were significantly (p<0.05) more resistant to both disinfection procedures in sewage than in tap water. These studies lead to the suggestion of the use of bacteriophage B40-8, instead of indicator bacteria, for the monitoring of viral disinfection in sewage-polluted water.

scholarly journals Public Health Response to Restore Polio Free Status in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Richard Avoi ◽  
SYED SHARIZMAN SYED ABDUL RAHIM ◽  
Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Polio Immunization ◽  
Free Status

Malaysia started the polio immunization programme since 1972 and achieved polio-free certification in 2000. After 27 years from the last reported polio case in 1992, on 8 December 2019, the Ministry of Health Malaysia announced the return of polio into the country when the first polio case detected in Sabah involving a 3-month-old male child (Abdullah, N.H., 2019). The child confirmed to be infected with vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (VDPV1) which later classified as a circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (cVDPV1). Further test confirmed that the virus is genetically linked to poliovirus (PHL-NCR-2) circulating in the southern Philippines (Alleman, M.M. et al., 2020). To date, a total of four polio cases were confirmed in Sabah of which due to vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1 (VDPV1). The vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (VDPV2) was also detected from environmental samples taken from various locations in Sabah.

Development of a Method for Recovery of Rotavirus from the Surface of Vegetables

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMIN S. BADAWY ◽  
CHARLES P. GERBA ◽  
LEE M. KELLEY
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Waterborne Disease ◽  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Virus Recovery

Rotaviruses cause waterborne disease outbreaks of gastroenteritis from sewage contaminated water, but methods have not been available to assess the potential for transmission of rotavirus by uncooked foods. A method was developed for recovery of rotavirus from the surface of vegetables. The simian rotavirus SA-11, used as a model for the human rotavirus, was adsorbed onto lettuce and the effects of various eluents tested for its recovery. The maximum recovery of rotavirus occurred with a solution of 3% beef extract at pH 8.0 after 5 min of exposure. Longer exposure times did not enhance virus recovery. Recovery of rotavirus and poliovirus type 1 (LSC) averaged 80 and 65%, respectively. Recovery of rotavirus from non-leafy vegetables was lower, averaging 44% for celery, carrot and radish. This method should prove useful for assessing the occurrence and survival of rotavirus on uncooked foods.

Removal of PCR inhibiting substances in sewage sludge amended soil

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Straub ◽  
Ian L. Pepper ◽  
Charles P. Gerba
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Chelex 100 ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Seminested Pcr ◽  
Soil Colloids ◽  
Amended Soil

Current methods for the detection of enteric viruses in soil involve elution of viruses from soil colloids using beef extract or other proteins. These eluates are then assayed in cell culture and observed daily for cytopathic effects (CPE). While this method is suitable for detection of enteric viruses by cell culture, these eluates contain humic acids and heavy metals that interfere with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Using beef extract eluates prepared from sludge amended soil, 10 different methods of eluate purification were evaluated for their ability to remove PCR inhibition and maximize sensitivity. The treatment method providing the greatest sensitivity of poliovirus detection by PCR was the combination of Sephadex G-50 and Chelex-100. Using this method 2 plaque forming units (PFU) could be detected after reverse transcription and 30 cycles of PCR. Thirty (30) cycles of seminested PCR were performed on these samples to verify nucleic acid sequences and increase sensitivity after the first 30 cycles of PCR. Using seminested PCR, sensitivity of detection using the Sephadex G-50 and Chelex-100 treatment method to 0.2 PFU. In addition to providing excellent sensitivity for viruses in sludge amended soils, this treatment method is relatively simple compared to other methods.

Correlation of virus polypeptide structure with attenuation of poliovirus type 1.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Milstien ◽  
J R Walker ◽  
L J Eron
Keyword(s):  
Poliovirus Type ◽  
Polypeptide Structure
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document