Nitrosospira, an important ammonium-oxidizing bacterium in fertilized coniferous forest soil

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pertti J. Martikainen ◽  
Eeva-Liisa Nurmiaho-Lassila
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Pure Cultures

Among ammonium-oxidizing autotrophic nitrifiers only Nitrosospira was found in two pine forest soils fertilized with urea or wood ash in southern Finland. A strain isolated from an ash-treated soil was partially characterized. The cells were spirals, mostly of one to three turns; they were either flagellated or not and pili were found. The strain grew best at 20–27 °C at Po2 of 0.21 (shortest doubling time, 29 h). Km(O2) at 27 °C was 0.20 mg/L. Activity per cell during exponential growth ranged from 0.0060 to 0.0085 pmol [Formula: see text] and growth yield from 2.53 × 106 to 3.60 × 106 cells/μmol [Formula: see text]. Pure cultures could not be isolated from urea-fertilized soils. Hyphomicrobium- and seliberia-like bacteria were frequent contaminants of enrichment cultures in these soils. Reasons for the persistence of Nitrosospira in forest soil were discussed.

Microfungi in coniferous forest soils treated with lime or wood ash

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B��th ◽  
K. Arnebrant
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Wood Ash

Evidence for the involvement of the soil microbiota in the exclusion of Fusarium from coniferous forest soils

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Schisler ◽  
R. G. Linderman
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Propylene Oxide ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Stimulation Of

Fusarium was recovered from only 1 of 14 Pacific Northwest coniferous forest soils but from all 7 nursery soils tested. Assays using high concentrations of Fusarium oxysporum macroconidia added to soil determined that forest soils stimulate macroconidial germination [Formula: see text] often followed by germ-tube lysis or the formation of stunted chlamydospores, while nursery soils support little macroconidial germination [Formula: see text]. Treatment of forest soils with aerated steam (minimum of 45 °C for 30 min), radiation, or propylene oxide reduced the amount of germination in forest soils, suggesting that the forest soil microbiota is involved in the stimulation of macroconidial germination. Bacteria isolated from F. oxysporum hyphae placed in forest, field, or nursery soils on nylon screens did not significantly influence germ-tube lysis when combined with macroconidia in a nutrient broth. Chemical, physical, and nutritional properties of forest soils likely affect the capacity of the forest soil microbiota to influence Fusarium macroconidial germination and germ-tube lysis.

scholarly journals Influence of Root Distribution on Preferential Flow in Deciduous and Coniferous Forest Soils

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziteng Luo ◽  
Jianzhi Niu ◽  
Baoyuan Xie ◽  
Linus Zhang ◽  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Rainfall Events

Root-induced channels are the primary controlling factors for rapid movement of water and solute in forest soils. To explore the effects of root distribution on preferential flow during rainfall events, deciduous (Quercus variabilis BI.) and coniferous forest (Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco) sites were selected to conduct dual-tracer experiments (Brilliant Blue FCF and Bromide [Br−]). Each plot (1.30 × 1.30 m) was divided into two subplots (0.65 × 1.30 m), and two rainfall simulations (40 mm, large rainfall and 70 mm, extreme rainfall) were conducted in these. Vertical soil profiles (1.00 m × 0.40 m) were excavated, and preferential flow path features were quantified based on digital image analysis. Root (fine and coarse) abundance and Br− concentration were investigated for each soil profile. In deciduous forest, accumulated roots in the upper soil layer induce larger lateral preferential flow as compared to the coniferous forest soil during large rainfall events. Compared with deciduous forest, coniferous forest soil, with higher (horizontal and vertical) spatial variability of preferential flow paths, promotes higher percolation and solute leaching to deeper soil layers during extreme rainfall events. Fine roots, accounting for a larger proportion of total roots (compared to coarse roots), facilitate preferential flow in the 0–40 cm forest soil layer. Overall, our results indicate that the root distribution pattern of different tree species can exert diverse effects on preferential flow in forest soils.

Wood ash as a forest soil amendment: The role of boiler and soil type on soil property response

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Pugliese ◽  
Trevor Jones ◽  
Michael D. Preston ◽  
Paul Hazlett ◽  
Honghi Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Wood Ash

Pugliese, S., Jones, T., Preston, M. D., Hazlett, P., Tran, H. and Basiliko, N. 2014. Wood ash as a forest soil amendment: The role of boiler and soil type on soil property response. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 621–634. Wood ash is produced in large quantities in Canada as a by-product of the pulp and paper, sawmill, and bioenergy industries and it is anticipated that its disposal in landfills will not be a viable option. An alternative option may be to use it to amend forest soils. Wood ash is a complex mixture and its composition depends on several variables, including the combustion parameters of the boiler in which it is generated. We present an analysis of the amendment of two Canadian forest soils (a Brunisol from the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence and a Luvisol from the Carolinian forest regions of Ontario) with six different wood ashes collected from different biomass boilers through short-term controlled incubations. We show that following an 8-wk incubation period, amendment of the soils with wood ash led to small to moderate increases in soil pH, but had little effect on soil microbial activity and biomass. The concentration of important base cations such as calcium, magnesium and potassium as well as phosphorus generally increased in both soil types following amendment with different ash. This practice can return nutrients lost from forest ecosystems during harvesting; however, effects were found to be boiler-specific. Lastly, we show that four ash types led to small increases in cadmium in either soil; the concentration of all other measured heavy metals was not significantly increased following amendment, and in certain cases decreased, particularly with lead. The only potentially negative aspect encountered was elevated sodium, particularly with ash from one boiler, but unacceptable Na-absorptivity ratios were not exceeded. These results demonstrate that with proper characterization and selection of wood ash type and application rates, amendment of Canadian forest soils with wood ash may benefit forest ecosystems and is unlikely to disrupt the chemical and biological processes in soil environments.

Dynamic and seasonal fluctuations of microarthropod complex in coniferous forest soil

Ekologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Eitminavičiūtė ◽  
Audronė Matusevičiūtė ◽  
Algirdas Augustaitis
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations

Nitrification in coniferous forest soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Killham
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Coniferous Forest
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