The toxicity of copper to the marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Schreiber ◽  
Andrew S. Gordon ◽  
Frank, J. Millero
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Toxic Concentration ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The toxicity of copper to the marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus was examined. Experiments were conducted with both aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Calorimetric and radiochemical techniques were used to examine the effect of copper on heat production, respiration, and carbon assimilation by the cultures. Plate counts were used to determine the number of viable cells present. Copper was more toxic to the bacterium in anaerobic culture (mean toxic concentration (TC50) = 2.1 μM)) than in aerobic culture (TC50 = 6.4 μM). Both cytotoxic and cytostatic effects were observed. The cytotoxic effect was not significantly different under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The cytostatic effect, observed only in anaerobic culture, resulted in a decrease in the rate of metabolism of the surviving cells. The magnitude of the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects were dependent on the copper concentration, exhibiting saturation at higher concentrations. Organic chelators EDTA and nitrilotriacetic acid protected the anaerobic cultures from the copper, indicating that Cu–organic complexes are not toxic to the organism.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the gastrointestinal microflora of germfree mice associated with cultured microfloras

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Koopman ◽  
Henriëtie M. Kennis ◽  
A. M. Stadhouders ◽  
H. De Boer
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Attempts are described to 'normalize' germfree mice by association with 3, 21 and 71 different intestinal bacterial cultures isolated from mice with an SPF flora. Germfree mice associated naturally with an SPF flora served as controls. Vital bacterial counts were determined by aerobic and anaerobic culture. Stomach and small intestine contained fewer bacteria per gram than caecum and large intestine. Aerobic vital counts from caecum and large intestine were higher in the experimental groups than in control mice. The aerobic and anaerobic flora in stomach and small intestine comprised mainly Gram-positive nonfusiform shaped rods. In the caecum and colon Gram-positive cocci predominated in the aerobic culture while in the anaerobic culture fusiform-shaped rods were prominent. Scanning electron microscopy of oesophagus, ileum, caecum and faeces demonstrated colonization of the oesophageal epithelium only after association with 71 bacterial strains; the filamentous bacteria present in the ileum of SPF mice were not found in the experimental groups and caecum and faeces contained mainly fusiform-shaped bacteria. Nonbacterial matter decreased in the caecum and faeces with increase in the complexity of the flora.

scholarly journals The mode of action of nanaomycins D and A on a gram-negative marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus.

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1078-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAKI HAYASHI ◽  
TSUTOMU UNEMOTO ◽  
SHIZUKO MINAMI-KAKINUMA ◽  
HARUO TANAKA ◽  
SATOSHI OMURA
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals Pumilacidin-Like Lipopeptides Derived from Marine Bacterium Bacillus sp. Strain 176 Suppress the Motility of Vibrio alginolyticus

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengyuan Xiu ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Dechao Zhang ◽  
Chaomin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Bacterial Motility ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cyclic Lipopeptides

ABSTRACT Bacterial motility is a crucial factor during the invasion and colonization processes of pathogens, which makes it an attractive therapeutic drug target. Here, we isolated a marine bacterium (Vibrio alginolyticus strain 178) from a seamount in the tropical West Pacific that exhibits vigorous motility on agar plates and severe pathogenicity to zebrafish. We found that V. alginolyticus 178 motility was significantly suppressed by another marine bacterium, Bacillus sp. strain 176, isolated from the same niche. We isolated, purified, and characterized two different cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) from Bacillus sp. 176 using high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The two related CLPs have a pumilacidin-like structure and were both effective inhibitors of V. alginolyticus 178 motility. The CLPs differ by only one methylene group in their fatty acid chains. In addition to motility suppression, the CLPs also induced cell aggregation in the medium and reduced adherence of V. alginolyticus 178 to glass substrates. Notably, upon CLP treatment, the expression levels of two V. alginolyticus flagellar assembly genes (flgA and flgP) dropped dramatically. Moreover, the CLPs inhibited biofilm formation in several other strains of pathogenic bacteria without inducing cell death. This study indicates that CLPs from Bacillus sp. 176 show promise as antimicrobial lead compounds targeting bacterial motility and biofilm formation with a low potential for eliciting antibiotic resistance. IMPORTANCE Pathogenic bacteria often require motility to establish infections and subsequently spread within host organisms. Thus, motility is an attractive therapeutic target for the development of novel antibiotics. We found that cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) produced by marine bacterium Bacillus sp. strain 176 dramatically suppress the motility of the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus strain 178, reduce biofilm formation, and promote cellular aggregation without inducing cell death. These findings suggest that CLPs hold great promise as potential drug candidates targeting bacterial motility and biofilm formation with a low overall potential for triggering antibiotic resistance.

Zinc coated urea enhanced the growth and quality of rice cultivated under aerobic and anaerobic culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid ◽  
Muhammad Farrukh Saleem ◽  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Sohail Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

scholarly journals Interaction of PomB with the Third Transmembrane Segment of PomA in the Na+-Driven Polar Flagellum of Vibrio alginolyticus

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (16) ◽  
pp. 5281-5291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiharu Yakushi ◽  
Shingo Maki ◽  
Michio Homma
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transmembrane Segment ◽  
Mutant Proteins ◽  
Transmembrane Segments ◽  
The Third ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Flagellar Rotation ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

ABSTRACT The marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus has four motor components, PomA, PomB, MotX, and MotY, responsible for its Na+-driven flagellar rotation. PomA and PomB are integral inner membrane proteins having four and one transmembrane segments (TMs), respectively, which are thought to form an ion channel complex. First, site-directed Cys mutagenesis was systematically performed from Asp-24 to Glu-41 of PomB, and the resulting mutant proteins were examined for susceptibility to a sulfhydryl reagent. Secondly, the Cys substitutions at the periplasmic boundaries of the PomB TM (Ser-38) and PomA TMs (Gly-23, Ser-34, Asp-170, and Ala-178) were combined. Cross-linked products were detected for the combination of PomB-S38C and PomA-D170C mutant proteins. The Cys substitutions in the periplasmic boundaries of PomA TM3 (from Met-169 to Asp-171) and the PomB TM (from Leu-37 to Ser-40) were combined to construct a series of double mutants. Most double mutations reduced the motility, whereas each single Cys substitution slightly affected it. Although the motility of the strain carrying PomA-D170C and PomB-S38C was significantly inhibited, it was recovered by reducing reagent. The strain with this combination showed a lower affinity for Na+ than the wild-type combination. PomA-D148C and PomB-P16C, which are located at the cytoplasmic boundaries of PomA TM3 and the PomB TM, also formed the cross-linked product. From these lines of evidence, we infer that TM3 of PomA and the TM of PomB are in close proximity over their entire length and that cooperation between these two TMs is required for coupling of Na+ conduction to flagellar rotation.

Chemotactic responses of Vibrio alginolyticus to algal extracellular products

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 964-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy D. Sjoblad ◽  
Ralph Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
Extracellular Products

A capillary assay was used to evaluate the chemotactic responses of Vibrio alginolyticus to three common algal extracellular products. Acrylate and glycolate attracted the motile marine bacterium. The peak response occurred with 10−2 M of each chemical. Acrylic and glycolic acid also attracted V. alginolyticus, with the peak response occurring at 5 × 10−4 M of each chemical. Higher concentrations of the organic acids resulted in a decreased response. The bacteria also displayed positive chemotaxis to dimethyl sulfide.

scholarly journals In vivo efficacy of combination therapy with albendazole and atovaquone against primary hydatid cysts in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
shigehiro enkai ◽  
Hirokazu Kouguchi ◽  
Daniel Ken Inaoka ◽  
Takao Irie ◽  
Kinpei Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Complex Iii ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Primary Cyst

Abstract Purpose Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus multilocularis. Chemotherapy for AE involves albendazole (ABZ), which has shown insufficient efficacy. More effective chemotherapy for AE is needed. Previously, we have demonstrated that atovaquone (ATV), an anti-malarial, inhibits mitochondrial complex III of E. multilocularis and restricts the development of larval cysts in in vivo experiments. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of ABZ and ATV combination therapy on E. multilocularis in culture and in vivo experiments. Methods Protoscoleces were treated with 50 µM ABZ and/or ATV in the medium; the duration of parasite elimination was determined under aerobic and anaerobic culture. In the in vivo experiment, the effects of ABZ and ATV combination treatment in BALB/c mice infected orally with eggs from the feces of an adult-stage E. multilocularis-infected dog were compared with those of standard oral ABZ therapy. Results In the culture assay, the duration of elimination associated with ABZ and ATV combination treatment was 1 day shorter than that associated with ATV alone under aerobic conditions. Protoscolex viability progressively reduced owing to the combination treatment under anaerobic conditions; however, either drug used singly did not exhibit antiparasitic effects under hypoxia. Furthermore, compared with ABZ alone, the combination treatment significantly reduced the growth of the primary cyst in the liver of mice infected orally with parasite eggs. Conclusion ATV enhanced the effect of ABZ in the treatment of AE in mice.

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