Methanogenesis in the absence of intracytoplasmic membranes

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Sprott ◽  
L. C. Sowden ◽  
J. R. Colvin ◽  
K. F. Jarrell ◽  
T. J. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Membrane System ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Methanobacterium Thermoautotrophicum ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Methanospirillum Hungatei ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Membranes

The frequency of intracytoplasmic membranes in several methanogens grown on H2–CO2 varied with the conditions of growth and varied from one strain to another. Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum often generated large numbers of intracytoplasmic membranes, while Methanospirillum hungatei produced these membranes only rarely. Conditions allowing for rapid growth, including optimal temperature and high agitation rates, increased the production of intracytoplasmic membranes. These membranes consisted mainly of vesicles composed of one or several membrane layers, often positioned in the central region of the cytoplasm. Several mesophilic methanogens could be grown such that intracytoplasmic membranes were rarely or never observed in thin section or in replicas of cross-fractures from frozen cells. Since high rates of methane synthesis still occurred in these cultures, it follows that the intracytoplasmic membrane system is not a necessary organelle for methane formation in these strains. Negative staining for electron microscopy is not an accurate method to visualize intracytoplasmic membranes in these bacterial cells.

scholarly journals THE FINE STRUCTURE OF DIPLOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE

1964 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Tomasz ◽  
James D. Jamieson ◽  
Elena Ottolenghi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Membranes

The fine structure of an unencapsulated strain of Diplococcus pneumoniae is described. A striking feature of these bacteria is an intracytoplasmic membrane system which appears to be an extension of septa of dividing bacteria. The possible function of these structures and their relationship to the plasma membrane and other types of intracytoplasmic membranes found in pneumococcus is discussed.

A Freeze-Etch Study of Acinetobacter SP. Grown on a Hydrocarbon Substrate

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
C. L. Scott ◽  
W. R. Finnerty
Keyword(s):  
Membrane System ◽  
Structural Distortion ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sectioned Material ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp

Acinetobacter sp. HO-1-N, a gram-negative hydrocarbon oxidizing bacterium previously designated Micrococcus cerificans, has been shown to sequester the hydrocarbon into intracytoplasmic pools as a result of growth on this substrate. In hydrocarbon grown cells, an intracytoplasmic membrane system was also observed along with a doubling of cellular phospholipids (Z). However, using conventional dehydration and embedding procedures in preparing thin sectioned material, the hydrocarbon is extracted from the cells. This may lead to structural distortion, consequently, the freeze-etch technique was applied to preserve the integrity of the cell.

An Accurate Method for Rapid Blood Grouping of Large Numbers of People

1951 ◽  
Vol 244 (25) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred H. Allen ◽  
Louis K. Diamond ◽  
Helen J. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Method ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Blood Grouping

scholarly journals Early Events of Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing) Disease Development at the Ultrastructural Level

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 949-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Y. Folimonova ◽  
Diann S. Achor
Keyword(s):  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Presymptomatic Stage ◽  
Candidatus Liberibacter ◽  
Advanced Stages

Citrus greening (Huanglongbing [HLB]) is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. The causal agent of HLB in Florida is thought to be ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’. Understanding of the early events in HLB infection is critical for the development of effective measures to control the disease. In this work, we conducted cytopathological studies by following the development of the disease in citrus trees graft inoculated with ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’-containing material under greenhouse conditions to examine the correlation between ultrastructural changes and symptom production, with the main objective of characterizing the early events of infection. Based on our observations, one of the first degenerative changes induced upon invasion of the pathogen appears to be swelling of middle lamella between cell walls surrounding sieve elements. This anatomical aberration was often observed in samples from newly growing flushes in inoculated sweet orange and grapefruit trees at the early “presymptomatic” stage of HLB infection. Development of symptoms and their progression correlated with an increasing degree of microscopic aberrations. Remarkably, the ability to observe the bacterium in the infected tissue also correlated with the degree of the disease progression. Large numbers of bacterial cells were found in phloem sieve tubes in tissue samples from presymptomatic young flushes. In contrast, we did not observe the bacteria in highly symptomatic leaf samples, suggesting a possibility that, at more advanced stages of the disease, a major proportion of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ is present in a nonviable state. We trust that observations reported here advance our understanding of how ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ causes disease. Furthermore, they may be an important aid in answering a question: when and where within an infected tree the tissue serves as a better inoculum source for acquisition and transmission of the bacterium by its psyllid vector.

scholarly journals Observing Growth and Division of Large Numbers of Individual Bacteria by Image Analysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elfwing ◽  
Y. LeMarc ◽  
J. Baranyi ◽  
A. Ballagi
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Flow Chamber ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Effect ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
Cell Growth And Proliferation

ABSTRACT We describe a method that enabled us to observe large numbers of individual bacterial cells during a long period of cell growth and proliferation. We designed a flow chamber in which the cells attached to a transparent solid surface. The flow chamber was mounted on a microscope equipped with a digital camera. The shear force of the flow removed the daughter cells, making it possible to monitor the consecutive divisions of a single cell. In this way, kinetic parameters and their distributions, as well as some physiological characteristics of the bacteria, could be analyzed based on more than 1,000 single-cell observations. The method which we developed enabled us to study the history effect on the distribution of the lag times of single cells.

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