Immunological techniques to identify Azospirillum associated with wetland rice

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Ladha ◽  
W. L. Barraquio ◽  
I. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
Azospirillum Lipoferum ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
Precipitation Band ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Respective Species

Azospirilla associated with wetland rice were isolated and characterized by employing immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence techniques. Antisera against two strains belonging to Azospirillum lipoferum produced at least one heat-labile precipitation band with most isolates of A. lipoferum and A. brasilense. Antisera against two strains belonging to A. lipoferum and one strain belonging to A. brasilense produced one band only with strains of their respective species. Fluorescent antibody reactions with Azospirillum were species specific. Specificity of these antisera and fluorescent antibodies was further demonstrated with bacteria other than Azospirillum.

Isolation and identification of N2-fixing Pseudomonas associated with wetland rice

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Barraquio ◽  
J. K. Ladha ◽  
I. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Wetland Rice ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Yeast Extract Medium ◽  
Extract Medium ◽  
A New Species

Semisolid yeast extract medium amended with glucose and tryptic soy agar were used to isolate aerobically N2-fixing (C2H2-reducing) heterotrophic bacteria from the root of wetland rice. The isolates were identified as Pseudomonas by gel immunodiffusion and fluorescent antibody techniques in combination with their morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. The N2-fixing H2-utilizing Pseudomonas described in this paper is a new species.

Cellular site for prothrombin synthesis

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion I. Barnhart
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Parenchymal Cell ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Natural Fluorescence ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

The cell type responsible for synthesis of any of the trace plasma proteins concerned in blood coagulation has not been identified before. In this study the fluorescent antibody technique was used to find out the cellular site for prothrombin synthesis. Fluorescent antiprothrombin precipitated out on bovine liver parenchymal cells containing adequate concentrations of prothrombin. The specificity of the reaction was established using various absorptive and blocking techniques. The antiprothrombins produced were species specific. Not all parenchymal cells reacted uniformly with fluorescent antiprothrombin so that groups of brilliantly fluorescing cells were seen among cells displaying dim natural fluorescence. This may mean that only a certain type of parenchymal cell produces prothrombin or that there is cyclic production of prothrombin.

scholarly journals Global evolutionary epidemiology, phylogeography and resistome dynamics of Citrobacter species, Enterobacter hormaechei, Klebsiella variicola, and Proteeae clones: A One Health analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Osei Sekyere ◽  
Melese Abate Reta
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Evolutionary Epidemiology ◽  
Enterobacter Hormaechei ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Respective Species

AbstractBackground.The global epidemiology and resistomes dynamics of multidrug-resistant Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter hormaechei, Klebsiella variicola, morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis and Providencia spp. have not been described, despite their importance as emerging opportunistic clinical pathogens.Methods.The genomes of the above-mentioned organisms were curated from PATRIC and NCBI and used for evolutionary epidemiology, phylogeography and resistome analyses. The phylogeny trees were drawn using RAXmL and edited with Figtree. The resistomes were curated from GenBank and the phylogeography was manually mapped.Results and conclusion.Mcr-9 and other mcr variants were highly prevalent in E. hormaechei subsp. and substantial in C. freundii whilst KPC, OXA-48, NDM, IMP, VIM, TEM, OXA and SHV were abundant in global E. hormaechei subsp., Citrobacter freundii, P. mirabilis, P. stuartii and P. rettgeri clones/clades. Species-specific ampCs were highly conserved in respective species whilst fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim resistance mechanisms were abundantly enriched in almost all clades of most of the species, making them extensively and pandrug resistant; K. variicola, C. amalonaticus and C, koseri had relatively few resistance genes. Vertical and horizontal resistome transmissions as well as local and international dissemination of strains evolving from common ancestors were observed, suggesting the anthroponotic, zoonotic, and food-/water-borne infectiousness of these pathogens. There is a global risk of pandrug resistant strains escalating local and international outbreaks of antibiotic-insensitive infections, initiating the dawn of a post-antibiotic era.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Conserved Immunoreactive Glycoproteins gp36 and gp19 Has Enhanced Sensitivity and Provides Species-Specific Immunodiagnosis of Ehrlichia canis Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Cárdenas ◽  
C. Kuyler Doyle ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhang ◽  
Kimberly Nethery ◽  
Richard E. Corstvet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Recombinant Glycoprotein ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACT Ehrlichia canis is the primary etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, a globally distributed and potentially fatal disease of dogs. We previously reported on the identification of two conserved major immunoreactive antigens, gp36 and gp19, which are the first proteins to elicit an E. canis-specific antibody response, and gp200 and p28, which elicit strong antibody responses later in the acute phase of the infection. In this report, the sensitivities and specificities of five recombinant E. canis proteins for the immunodiagnosis of E. canis infection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were evaluated. Recombinant polypeptides gp36, gp19, and gp200 (N and C termini) exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity for immunodiagnosis by the recombinant glycoprotein ELISA compared with the results obtained by an indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (IFA) for the detection of antibodies in dogs that were naturally infected with E. canis. Moreover, the enhanced sensitivities of gp36 and gp19 for immunodiagnosis by the recombinant glycoprotein ELISA compared to those obtained by IFA were demonstrated with dogs experimentally infected with E. canis, in which antibodies were detected as much as 2 weeks earlier, on day 14 postinoculation. gp36 and gp19 were not cross-reactive with antibodies in sera from E. chaffeensis-infected dogs and thus provided species-specific serologic discrimination between E. canis and E. chaffeensis infections. This is the first demonstration of the improved detection capability of the recombinant protein technology compared to the capability of the “gold standard” IFA and may eliminate the remaining obstacles associated with the immunodiagnosis of E. canis infections, including species-specific identification and the lack of sensitivity associated with low antibody titers early in the acute phase of the infection.

scholarly journals Development of Species-specific rDNA Probes for Giardia by Multiple Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Combined with Immunocytochemical Identification of Cyst Wall Antigens

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley L. Erlandsen ◽  
Edward Jarroll ◽  
Peter Wallis ◽  
Harry van Keulen
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Species Specific

In this study, we describe the development of fluorescent oligonucleotide probes to variable regions in the small subunit of 16S rRNA in three distinct Giardia species. Sense and antisense probes (17–22 mer) to variable regions 1, 3, and 8 were labeled with digoxygenin or selected fluorochomes (FluorX, Cy3, or Cy5). Optimal results were obtained with fluorochome-labeled oligonucleotides for detection of rRNA in Giardia cysts. Specificity of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was shown using RNase digestion and high stringency to diminish the hybridization signal, and oligonucleotide probes for rRNA in Giardia lamblia, Giardia muris, and Giardia ardeae were shown to specifically stain rRNA only within cysts or trophozoites of those species. The fluorescent oligonucleotide specific for rRNA in human isolates of Giardia was positive for ten different strains. A method for simultaneous FISH detection of cysts using fluorescent antibody (genotype marker) and two oligonucleotide probes (species marker) permitted visualization of G. lamblia and G. muris cysts in the same preparation. Testing of an environmental water sample revealed the presence of FISH-positive G. lamblia cysts with a specific rDNA probe for rRNA, while negative cysts were presumed to be of animal or bird origin.

Mutual desmosome formation between all binary combinations of human, bovine, canine, avian and amphibian cells: desmosome formation is not tissue- or species-specific

1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Mattey ◽  
D.R. Garrod
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Recognition Mechanism ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
Darby Canine Kidney

Our previous work has suggested that the molecular components of desmosomes are highly conserved between different tissues and different vertebrate species. In order to determine whether the adhesion recognition mechanism of desmosomes is also conserved we have examined the specificity of desmosome formation between different epithelial cell types by co-culturing binary combinations of cells from different species and from epidermal and non-epidermal origin. The following cell types were used: human (HeLa, cervical carcinoma), bovine (Madin Darby bovine kidney, MDBK), canine (Madin Darby canine kidney, MDCK), avian (chick embryonic corneal epithelium) and amphibian (Rana pipiens, adult corneal epithelium). Different cells in co-culture were identified on the basis of at least one of the following criteria: (1) morphology by phase-contrast microscopy; (2) presence or absence of staining of cytokeratin with monoclonal antibody LE61; (3) morphology at the electron microscope level. Mutual desmosome formation between different cell types was assessed using fluorescent antibody staining with anti-desmoplakin antibodies and confirmed using electron microscopy. We have found that mutual desmosome formation occurred between all binary combinations of human, bovine, canine, avian and amphibian cells. Thus there is complete non-selectivity of desmosome formation between five different epithelial cell types from three vertebrate classes. Our results suggest that desmosome formation is not tissue- or species-specific and that the mechanism for intercellular binding involved in desmosomal adhesion is highly conserved.

The Fluorescent Antibody Test in the Serological Diagnosis of the Causative Organisms of Tropical Eosinophilia and Filariasis

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Jayewardene ◽  
Y. Wijayaratnam
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Serological Diagnosis ◽  
Human Parasite ◽  
Fluorescence Reaction ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Reactions ◽  
Active Disease

The results of the fluorescent antibody test with sera from tropical eosinophilia and filariasis cases tested against four species of microfilariae are reported. The majority of sera from both groups showed the presence of antibody to the human parasite W. bancrofti. In the filarial group only those with clinically active disease of short duration showed a positive fluorescence reaction. Some sera of both groups reacted positively with microfilariae of the animal parasites B. ceylonensis and Setaria sp. These were species specific reactions as seen by diminished or absence of fluorescence after absorption of specific antibody.

HEAT-LABILE, AVIDIN-UNCOMBINABLE, SPECIES-SPECIFIC AND OTHER VITAMERS OF BIOTIN

Science ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 97 (2507) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BURK ◽  
R. J. WINZLER
Keyword(s):  
Heat Labile ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Filovirus Species-Specific Antibodies

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1723-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Nakayama ◽  
Ayaka Yokoyama ◽  
Hiroko Miyamoto ◽  
Manabu Igarashi ◽  
Noriko Kishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Respective Species

ABSTRACT Several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of filovirus-specific antibodies have been developed. However, diagnostic methods to distinguish antibodies specific to the respective species of filoviruses, which provide the basis for serological classification, are not readily available. We established an ELISA using His-tagged secreted forms of the transmembrane glycoproteins (GPs) of five different Ebola virus (EBOV) species and one Marburg virus (MARV) strain as antigens for the detection of filovirus species-specific antibodies. The GP-based ELISA was evaluated by testing antisera collected from mice immunized with virus-like particles as well as from humans and nonhuman primates infected with EBOV or MARV. In our ELISA, little cross-reactivity of IgG antibodies was observed in most of the mouse antisera. Although sera and plasma from some patients and monkeys showed notable cross-reactivity with the GPs from multiple filovirus species, the highest reactions of IgG were uniformly detected against the GP antigen homologous to the virus species that infected individuals. We further confirmed that MARV-specific IgM antibodies were specifically detected in specimens collected from patients during the acute phase of infection. These results demonstrate the usefulness of our ELISA for diagnostics as well as ecological and serosurvey studies.

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