Cytotoxicity and suckling mouse reactivity of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from human sources

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1019-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Johnson ◽  
H. Lior
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Adrenal Tumor ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Suckling Mouse ◽  
Ileal Loop ◽  
Suckling Mice ◽  
Enterotoxin Production

Human isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides were tested for their ability to produce cytotoxins and (or) enterotoxins. The incidence of cytotoxin production by A. hydrophila was 81% for isolates from stool and 44% for extraintestinal isolates. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were more sensitive to A. hydrophila cytotoxin than either Vero or Y-1 mouse adrenal tumor cells (Y-1). There was no evidence of cytotonic enterotoxin production by any of the isolates tested. Cytotoxin-containing filtrates from A. hydrophila were found to provoke a positive reaction in suckling mice. The response in mice was heat labile, and data supporting correlation of this activity with the cytotoxin produced by these organisms are presented. Following concentration, cytotoxin and material reactive in suckling mice were found to coelute from Sephadex G-25 and dose–response was demonstrated in mice. Antitoxin prepared to this material effectively neutralized cytotoxin, mouse reactivity, and rabbit ileal loop response. No evidence was obtained for either cytotoxin or enterotoxin production by P. shigelloides strains tested in this study.

Purification and partial characterization of a cytotonic enterotoxin produced by Aeromonas hydrophila

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Chopra ◽  
C. W. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Partial Characterization ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Ileal Loop

This report describes the purification and partial characterization of a cytotonic enterotoxin produced by a human diarrheal isolate (SSU) of Aeromonas hydrophila. The extracellular enterotoxin was purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, hydrophobic column chromatography, and chromatofocusing. The highly purified enterotoxin exhibited a molecular mass of 44 kDa and an isoelectric point in the range of 4.3–5.5 as determined by chromatofocusing. Western blot analysis using Aeromonas anti-enterotoxin revealed a single band at 44 kDa; however, cholera antitoxin failed to detect the enterotoxin antigen. This non-cholera toxin cross-reactive (non-CTC) enterotoxin was biologically active in vivo as determined by rabbit ligated ileal loop and rabbit skin vascular permeability assays. Biological activity also was expressed in vitro by this toxin as measured by the elongation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The enterotoxic activity associated with this molecule was neutralized completely by homologous antibodies but not by cholera antitoxin. The purified toxin preparation was free of hemolytic and cytotoxic activities as determined by its inability to lyse rabbit red blood cells or damage CHO cells, respectively. Furthermore, this toxin induced the elevation of cAMP in CHO cells suggesting thereby that the mechanism of action of Aeromonas non-CTC enterotoxin may be similar to heat-labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae.Key words: Aeromonas hydrophila, cytotonic enterotoxin, cholera toxin, cAMP

scholarly journals Hyperosmolarity Triggers the Warburg Effect in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells and Reveals a Reduced Mitochondria Horsepower

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Jorgelindo da Veiga Moreira ◽  
Lenny De Staercke ◽  
Pablo César Martínez-Basilio ◽  
Sandrine Gauthier-Thibodeau ◽  
Léa Montégut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Warburg Effect ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
The Warburg Effect

Tumor cells are known to favor a glycolytic metabolism over oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), which takes place in mitochondria, to produce the energy and building blocks essential for cell maintenance and cell growth. This phenotypic property of tumor cells gives them several advantages over normal cells and is known as the Warburg effect. Tumors can be treated as a metabolic disease by targeting their bioenergetics capacity. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and calcium hydroxycitrate (HCA) are two drugs known to target the Warburg effect in tumor cells and hence induce the mitochondria for ATP production. However, tumor cells, known to have an increased flux through glycolysis, are not able to handle the activation of their mitochondria by drugs or any other condition, leading to decoupling of gene regulation. In this study, these drug effects were studied by mimicking an inflammatory condition through the imposition of a hyperosmotic condition in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which behave similarly to tumor cells. Indeed, CHO cells grown in high osmolarity conditions, using 200 mM mannitol, showed a pronounced Warburg effect phenotype. Our results show that hyperosmolar conditions triggered high-throughput glycolysis and enhanced glutaminolysis in CHO cells, such as during cancer cell proliferation in inflammatory tissue. Finally, we found that the hyperosmolar condition was correlated with increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) but mitochondrial horsepower seemed to vanish (h = Δp/ΔΨm), which may be explained by mitochondrial hyperfusion.

Review of the current methods of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells cultivation for production of therapeutic protein

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazid Md. Sharker ◽  
Md. Atiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Therapeutic Protein ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Ovary Cells ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Interesting Area

Most of clinical approved protein-based drugs or under in clinical trial have a profound impact in the treatment of critical diseases. The mammalian eukaryotic cells culture approaches, particularly the CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells are mainly used in the biopharmaceutical industry for the mass-production of therapeutic protein. Recent advances in CHO cell bioprocessing to yield recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies have enabled the expression of quality protein. The developments of cell lines are possible to upgrade specific productivity. As a result, it holds an interesting area for academic as well as industrial researchers around the world. This review will concentrate on the recent progress of the mammalian CHO cells culture technology and the future scope of further development for the mass-production of protein therapeutics.

Transient ammonia stress on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells yield alterations to alanine metabolism and IgG glycosylation profiles

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100098
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Synoground ◽  
Claire E. McGraw ◽  
Kathryn S. Elliott ◽  
Christina Leuze ◽  
Jada R. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Ammonia Stress ◽  
Igg Glycosylation

Endogenous TRPM4-like channel in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 369 (2) ◽  
pp. 712-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Yarishkin ◽  
Eun-Mi Hwang ◽  
Jae-Yong Park ◽  
Dawon Kang ◽  
Jaehee Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster

Engineering of coordinated up- and down-regulation of two glycosyltransferases of the O-glycosylation pathway in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta G. P. Prati ◽  
Mattia Matasci ◽  
Tobias B. Suter ◽  
Andre Dinter ◽  
Adriana R. Sburlati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster Ovary ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Glycosylation Pathway
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