Immunofluorescence of Aeromonas hydrophila as measured by fluorescence photometric microscopy

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Fliermans ◽  
T. C. Hazen
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aquatic Habitats

Strain-specific fluorescent antibodies were prepared for three isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila. These antisera were reacted with 255 other A. hydrophila isolates, and their immunofluorescence was measured quantitatively by photometric fluorescence microscopy. Only 27.5% of the isolates reacted with the prepared antisera which indicated that other undetected serogroups are present. Statistical analyses indicated that the A. hydrophila isolated from aquatic habitats were distinct from the other isolates as measured by immunofluorescence.

STUDIES ON THE BACTERIAL OXIDATION OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

1944 ◽  
Vol 22b (5) ◽  
pp. 140-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. Stanier ◽  
Sybil B. Fratkin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacterial Oxidation ◽  
Aerobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Related Compounds

Aerobacter aerogenes, Aerobacillus polymyxa, and Aeromonas hydrophila, representatives of the three genera characterized by a butanediol fermentation, can all oxidize 2,3-butanediol under aerobic conditions. The configuration of the 2,3-butanediol has considerable bearing on its decomposability: Aerobacter aerogenes is inactive on the l-isomer, but attacks both meso- and d-isomers; Aeromonas hydrophila attacks the meso-isomer but not the l- and probably not the d-isomer; Aerobacillus polymyxa can oxidize both l- and meso-2,3-butanediol, but the rate with the former is many times greater than with the latter. Aerobacter aerogenes oxidizes both 2,3-butanediol and acetoin to carbon dioxide and water, a large part of the substrate being simultaneously assimilated. The other two organisms oxidize 2,3-butanediol to acetoin, but can further oxidize the acetoin thus formed only very slowly, if at all. Both Aerobacter aerogenes and Aerobacillus polymyxa are unable to attack 1,3-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol and 1,2-ethancdiol. However they can oxidize 1,2-propanediol to acetol.

Identification of two species of alpha motoneurons in cat's plantaris pool

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Harris ◽  
E. Henneman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Repetitive Stimulation ◽  
Ventral Root ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Single units of the plantaris pool were isolated in ventral root filaments of decerebrate cats and their critical firing levels (CFLs) were determined. Motoneurons of similar size, as judged by their CFLs and other criteria, were compared in firing rate (FR) during repetitive stimulation of the plantaris nerve. 2. Such units either differed very little or quite widely, suggesting that they were sampled randomly from two populations, one firing rapidly, the other slowly. The relationship between the two rates remained approximately constant, regardless of the intensity or rate of input the units received, as long as both of them discharged rhythmically. 3. In single experiments 10-15 of the smallest units in the pool (all with CFLs in the 0-8% range) were isolated and compared. Statistical analyses and visual inspection of these small samples again suggested the existence of two species of motoneurons. 4. Statistical analyses also indicated that the FRs of units in single experiments were not sampled from any one of a variety of parametric, single-modal distributions. This suggests that the data were sampled from a distribution having more than one mode, indicating the existence of separate populations or species of motoneurons among the small units of the pool (0-8% range of CFL). 5. Pooling of the normalized data from different experiments revealed a bimodal histogram, reinforcing the conclusion that there are two species of small alpha motoneurons in the plantaris pool.

Karyotypic Studies in Artificial Hybrids of Solanum Sections Anarrhichomenum and Basarthrum (Solanaceae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Stiefkens ◽  
Gabriel Bernardello ◽  
Gregory J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genome Length ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Change ◽  
Centromere Position ◽  
Taxonomic Methods

Mitotic chromosomes of seven artificial hybrids fromSolanum L. sect.AnarrichomenumBitter &Basarthrum (Bitter) Bitter were studied(S. caripense Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal ×S. basendopogon Bitter,S. caripense × S. muricatumAiton, S. muricatum ×S. basendopogon, S. muricatum× S. caripense,S. muricatum× S. cochoae G.J. Anderson & Bernardello, S. sodiroi Bitter ×S. brevifolium Humb. & Bonpl., andS. sodiroi ×S. caripense).All are wild species except S. muricatum, which is knownonly as a domesticate (‘pepino dulce’). All hybrids were diploidwith 2n = 24. We compare the karyotypes ofparental species and their hybrids to understand chromosome change as acomponent of the evolution of these sections. Statistical analyses ofchromosomes, genome length and centromere position yielded estimates ofkaryotype composition and asymmetry. Comparisons were made by means of ANOVAsand numerical taxonomic methods. Statistical comparisons among the hybridspooled showed much karyotypic similarity among them. Karyotypes of theparental species revealed sharper differences among them. The karyotypes ofthe hybrids except for one combination were not intermediate. In general, thekaryotypes of the hybrids showed relatedness to the karyotype of one parentalspecies. The hybrids involving S. muricatum havechromosomal features closer to it than to the other parental species. Previousstudies showed S. caripense among the wild species to bemost similar to S. muricatum and, as expected, therewere the fewest differences between these species and the hybrids betweenthem. The karyotype of S. sodiroi×S. brevifolium is the most different from the karyotypeof either of its parental species.

scholarly journals Central Tokyo’s Low Response Rate to the 2015 Population Census and Its Related Factors

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402096308
Author(s):  
Tomoya Hanibuchi ◽  
Masakazu Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Data Reliability ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Nationwide Study

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of “unreported” cases in the Population Census of Japan caused by nonresponses to the survey. Subsequently, this has led to data reliability challenges. In light of this problem, the factors related to the low response rate of the 2015 Population Census in the central Tokyo area are examined in the present study. An online survey was conducted among individuals residing in the three Special Wards of Tokyo to inquire about their responses (submitted or not submitted) to the previous census. The statistical analyses demonstrated that particularly in central Tokyo, middle-aged (35–49 years) people and those who did not own a single-family residence were more likely to be nonrespondents, while most of the other characteristics were similar to the results reported in a previous nationwide study. However, further studies are required to fully understand the high rates of unreported cases in central Tokyo.

Progenèse et Gémellité

1952 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Turpin ◽  
M. P. Schützenberger
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hereditary Factors

SummaryUnder the name of “Progenesis” (from the prefix “pro “, in front, and of the Greek “genesis “, generation) a new conception and classification of the factors of development were proposed by R. Turpin, the progenesis grouping “the whole of the hereditary and non hereditary factors that preexist to the fecundation and that concur to the formation of the being and to its development”.This conception has the advantage of designating indifferently, to all progenitic factor, hereditary as well as non hereditary, a place marked in advance; it has the advantage of showing beside the paternal maternal factors, the characteristic progenetical factors of the couple; it has the advantage to draw the attention on factors which were before neglected (age of mother, age of father, rank of birth, sex of the preceding pregnancy, interval between pregnancies, number of pregnancies, etc.) and whose importance increases in proportion as the gathering of the facts is abundant enough to lend itself to the statistical analyses; it has lastly the advantage of leading to an etiological prevention of the congenital defects, trying to draw the most advantage from the surrounding factors, without discarding, when they are imposed by the circumstances, the possibilities brought to their right proportion of the eugenic selection.To illustrate this progenesic conception of the ontogenesis a simple example, the gemellity, deserves to be retained.If we consider the gemellity as a deviation in regard to the simple pregnancies, it constitutes at the same time the more frequent and the best registered of anomalies. It lends itself to the study of its relations with divers progenesic factors which the authors regard by turns with the complement of their personal researches : age of the progenitors, rank of the pregnancy, sex of the product of the anterior last conception.If on the other hand, we consider the gemellity itself as a progenesic factor, we can study on the development, and for instance, which the authors have done, on the rate of masculinity. This study has lead them to put in value the phenomenon of diminution of the masculinity in relation to the degree of the multiplicity of pregnancy.

Taxonomic status of the genus Spermophilus (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey and Iran with description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1529 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŞAKIR ÖNDER ÖZKURT ◽  
MUSTAFA SÖZEN ◽  
NURI YIĞIT ◽  
IRFAN KANDEMIR ◽  
REYHAN ÇOLAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Taurus Mountains ◽  
Spermophilus Citellus ◽  
Morphologic Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

We report a new species of Spermophilus ( Rodentia: Sciuridae), here designated as S. torosensis sp. nov., distributed in the Taurus Mountains in southern Anatolia, Turkey. A total of 161 specimens of the genus Spermophilus from Turkey and Iran were analyzed for their morphological, morphometric, and karyological characteristics. Uni- and multi-variate statistical analyses of morphologic data for 95 adult specimens yielded 4 distinct groups. Taxonomic evaluations classified the specimens into 4 species Spermophilus citellus, S. xanthopymnus, S. fulvus and S. torosensis sp. nov. Morphometrics, coat coloration, a brush-shaped tail, and a NFa value of 72 are diagnostic characters that distinguish S. torosensis sp. nov. from the other species. In Turkey, S. torosensis sp. nov. was found in 6 locations. The karyotype of S. fulvus also is described for the first time as 2n= 36, NFa= 70 and NFa= 66; new karyotypic data is reported for S. xanthoprymnus from Iran and Turkey.

scholarly journals Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from human stool samples in Switzerland

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FRETZ ◽  
P. SVOBODA ◽  
U. M. RYAN ◽  
R. C. A. THOMPSON ◽  
M. TANNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Human Stool ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

In a study to estimate the frequency of Cryptosporidium infections in Switzerland, stool samples from patients found to be positive for Cryptosporidium spp. by modified Ziehl–Neelson staining and fluorescence microscopy were used for genotyping experiments. With 9 of 12 samples, DNA extraction and subsequent genotyping was successful. All Cryptosporidium-isolates belonged to the bovine genotype. In one stool sample, two strains of Cryptosporidium were demonstrated, suggesting a mixed infection. In comparison with reference strains from calves, one of the isolates showed a full sequence identity and the other a similarity of 97·5%. The fact that only bovine genotypes were detected suggests, that cryptosporidiosis must primarily be considered as a zoonotic disease in Switzerland. This is in contrast to other countries, where the human genotype of C. parvum was shown to dominate the epidemiological situation. The results of our study are supported by the previous finding, that two of the analysed strains originated from patients who used to consume raw milk or raw cream, a known risk factor for cryptosporidiosis.

scholarly journals Shell bone histology indicates terrestrial palaeoecology of basal turtles

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1620) ◽  
pp. 1885-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten M Scheyer ◽  
P.Martin Sander
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Bone Histology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Terrestrial Habitat ◽  
Limb Bone ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats

The palaeoecology of basal turtles from the Late Triassic was classically viewed as being semi-aquatic, similar to the lifestyle of modern snapping turtles. Lately, this view was questioned based on limb bone proportions, and a terrestrial palaeoecology was suggested for the turtle stem. Here, we present independent shell bone microstructural evidence for a terrestrial habitat of the oldest and basal most well-known turtles, i.e. the Upper Triassic Proterochersis robusta and Proganochelys quenstedti . Comparison of their shell bone histology with that of extant turtles preferring either aquatic habitats or terrestrial habitats clearly reveals congruence with terrestrial turtle taxa. Similarities in the shell bones of these turtles are a diploe structure with well-developed external and internal cortices, weak vascularization of the compact bone layers and a dense nature of the interior cancellous bone with overall short trabeculae. On the other hand, ‘aquatic’ turtles tend to reduce cortical bone layers, while increasing overall vascularization of the bone tissue. In contrast to the study of limb bone proportions, the present study is independent from the uncommon preservation of appendicular skeletal elements in fossil turtles, enabling the palaeoecological study of a much broader range of incompletely known turtle taxa in the fossil record.

Genetic and temporal variation in wound healing after abscission of peach leaves in relation to peach canker disease

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
The Other ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Leaf Scar ◽  
Longitudinal Length ◽  
Tissue Changes

Leaf scars from 13 peach cultivars and clones with varying susceptibility to peach canker disease were collected during the period November 1986 through May 1987 and were examined histologically. Leaf scar sections were examined with light and fluorescence microscopy for tissue changes related to wound healing, including depth and width of the polysaccharide-impregnated zone, the timing and tissue depth at which the ligno-suberized layer occurred, the thickness and numbers of cells in the ligno-suberized layer, the longitudinal length of the ligno-suberized layer and whether or not the tissue was complete in longitudinal section through the leaf scar, and the presence and numbers of phellem cells in the wound periderm and whether or not the periderm was complete across the longitudinal section of the leaf scar. The percentage of leaf scars with a complete polysaccharide-impregnated zone varied by date with 94–96% of the leaf scars exhibiting the zone in January and April. The thickness of the polysaccharide-impregnated zone also varied by date, reaching its thickest in January and April. Percentages of lignified leaf scars were mostly similar among cultivars on four of the five dates; however on 1 May, there was considerable variation among cultivars with percent lignification ranging from 0 to 100%. The proportion of leaf scars with lignification was not significantly correlated with the field susceptibility rankings for peach canker disease at any of the five dates. The proportion of leaf scars with complete ligno-suberized layers varied by date only, with the highest values observed on 12 January and 14 May. The lowest values was observed on 1 May, and this was significantly less than that observed on 7 November and 10 April. The highest percentage of leaf scars possessing periderm occurred on 12 January (74%), with all the other dates not significantly different from each other (ranging from 29 to 40%). Analysis of cultivar across all dates combined indicated that Candor generally showed the highest percentages of leaf scars with periderm (64%), and this was significantly higher than Sunhaven (24%), Earlired (14%), and V68101 (13%), which were not different from each other. The proportion of leaf scars with periderm was not significantly correlated with the field susceptibility rankings for peach canker disease at any of the five dates. Key words: Prunus, wounding, Leucostoma.

Fracture Toughness in the Transition Temperature Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 1146 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Emina Džindo ◽  
Zoran Radaković ◽  
Blagoj Petrovski ◽  
Srdjan Tadić ◽  
Sanja Petronić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Temperature Region ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fracture Behaviour ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fracture Assessment

The steels fracture toughness was measured at two different temperature T= - 60°C and T = -90°C, at v=0.02 mm/min and v=0.5mm/min. The following steels: CrMoV, 20MnMoNi55, A533B and A508 were tested with three different sizes of CT specimens 50 and 100 and 200. Those steels are weldable, although the authors investigated the fracture behaviour of base material. In order to satisfy statistical analyses, a large number of specimens were tested. Fracture behaviour has turned out to be typical, S-shaped curve for transitional fracture at low temperatures. Apart from the other variables, specimen’s width significantly affects measured toughness. Smaller specimens, CT50, might be considered of upper bound reliability while the CT200 specimens were shown to be the most conservative. In this way it has been shown that wider specimens are more reliable in a fracture assessment of the examined steels. In this paper, the fracture probabilities of specimens in function of fracture toughness were determined as well, and it could be concluded that the widest specimens are the most likely to be broken for the same values of the fracture toughness.

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