Influence of soil texture on survival and saprophytic activity of Rhizoctonia solani in soils

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1310-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
High K ◽  
Chemical Factors

Survival of Rhizoctonia solani in precolonized tablebeet seed was greater in a light-textured sandy loam (SL 1) than in a heavy-textured silty clay loam (SiCL). Reduction in survival as well as competitive saprophytic activity of the pathogen resulted when clays (kaolinite and montmorillonite) were added to SL to prepare soils of heavier texture. Survival and activity R. solani, however, were not increased when sand was added to SiCL (suppressive to R. solani survival) to make this soil lighter in texture. In natural soils of different textures, activity of R. solani was maintained longer in two light-textured sandy loam soils than in a light-textured loamy sand or loam. During investigation of soil chemical and biological influences on R. solani survival, high K2O content in soil was significantly correlated with low saprophytic activity of the pathogen. In all instances where soil microbial activity as determined by a dehydrogenase assay was high, low saprophytic activity was found. Since high microbial activity or K2O content in soil were not associated with any particular soil type, biological or chemical factors may be more important than soil texture in influencing survival and activity of R. solani in soil.

scholarly journals Study on abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in relation to soil texture types of sediment in three ponds

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
BR Irin ◽  
MA Mansur ◽  
MS Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Bottom Soil ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Macro Benthos

The present research was conducted to evaluate the monthly variations of macrozoobenthos of three ponds (pond 1, bottom soil is loam; pond 2, bottom soil is sandy loam; pond 3, bottom soil is silty clay loam) in relation to soil texture types of sediment. The major groups of macro-zoobenthos recorded were Chironomidae, Oligochaeta, Mollusca and Ceratopogonidae. The values of all water quality parameters such as temperature, water depth, rainfall, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, free CO2, NO3-N and PO4-P were found to have positive correlations in most cases, in some cases negative correlations and in few cases significant correlations. The abundance of Chironomidae was to be dominant in the pond no. 3 during the whole study period. The highest number of Oligochaeta (400 per m2) was found in pond no. 3 at depth of 150 cm and the lowest number of Oligochaeta (0 per m2) was found in pond nos. 1, 2 and 3 at both depths. The highest number of Chironomidae (1332 per m2) was found in pond no. 3 at depth of 150 cm and the lowest number of Chironomidae (444 per m2) was found in pond no. 2 at depth of 100 cm. The highest number of Ceratopogonidae (977 per m2) was found in pond no. 3 at the depth of 150 cm and the lowest number of Ceratopogonidae (178 per m2) was found in pond no. 2 at both depths. The highest number of Mollusca (1288 per m2) was found in pond no. 3 at the depth of 150 cm and the lowest number of Mollusca (222 per m2) was found in pond no. 2 at the depth of 100 cm. Satisfactory quantity of macrobenthos in the pond no. 3 at the depth of 150 cm than those of other two ponds. Between 2 depths (100 and 150 cm), the depth of 150 cm was to have highest quantity of macro-zoobenthos in all the three ponds because this depth was most favourable for macro-zoobenthos production. In pond no. 1, 2 and 3 relation of macro-benthos (no. per m2) with chemical parameters of pond bottom-soil conditions vary pond to pond which influence primary production and also influence macro-zoobenthos production (secondary production). The highest macro-zoobenthos population density was found in pond no. 3 followed by pond no. 1 and the lowest production in pond no. 2 but macro-zoobenthos production in pond no. 2 and pond no. 1 are more or less similar and macro-zoobenthos production in pond no. 3 is different and higher than those of pond nos. 1 and 2 which indicates that silty clay loam of bottom-soil is more suitable for macrozoobenthos than other soil textural classes of bottom-soil loam and sandy loam.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (2): 27-35, December, 2017

scholarly journals Conventional and organic cropping systems at Suitia III: Microbial activity in soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Helvi Heinonen-Tanski
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Soil Microbial

From 1983 to 1988 the microbial activity of soil was measured by determining its nitrification potential, dehydrogenase activity, cellulolytic activity and respiration. The samples were Suitia silty clay soils under various types of conventional and organic cropping systems. The soil microbial activity was the highest in both organic cattle farm plots in the ley phase and conventional cattle farm plots in the ley phase. The difference between these two ley soils was not clear, partly because of the considerable statistical variance, but the microbial activity of organic cattle farm plots in clover leys tended to be higher than in conventionally cultivated grass leys. This favourable effect on dehydrogenase activity was not detected after poor overwintering in organic cattle farm plots in annual clover in 1984 and Persian clover in 1985, but some effect on nitrification was found in 1984. In many cases, soil microbial activity was still increased two to three years after the leys. The soil nitrification activities were often higher in organic plant production plots than in conventional plant production plots, but the dehydrogenase activities and cellulose decompositions of organic plant production plots were similar to those in conventional diverse plant production or barley monoculture plots.

Influence of soil texture on snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Litong Zhao ◽  
D. M. Gray ◽  
B. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Frozen Soils

This paper describes the influence of soil texture on snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils. Field data collected on frozen, unsaturated agricultural soils of the Canadian Prairies during snow ablation demonstrate: (a) poor association between the amount of infiltration of meltwater released by the seasonal snowcover and soil texture, and (b) small differences in cumulative amounts among soils of widely different textures. A physics-based numerical simulation of heat and mass transfers with phase changes in frozen soils is used to study the mechanics of the infiltration process in representative clay, silty clay loam, silt loam and sandy loam soils. The results of the simulations show that the differences among cumulative snowmelt infiltration into clay, silty clay loam and silt loam soils after 24 h of continuous infiltration are small. Infiltration into a lighter-textured sandy loam after 24 h was on average 23% higher than in the other three soils with most of the increase occurring in the first 5 h of the simulation. Key Words: Soil texture, snowmelt, infiltration, frozen soils

Effects of three fertility amendments on soil dehydrogenase activity, organic C and pH

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Cooper ◽  
P. R. Warman
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Organic C ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

An Acadia silty clay and a Pugwash sandy loam were each fertilized with three rates of either composted chicken manure, fresh chicken manure, or synthetic fertilizer. The effects of these amendments on soil microbial activity (dehydrogenase enzyme activity, DHA), organic C and pH were monitored. The sandy loam soil, which was relatively high in organic C, did not experience increases in DHA due to organic amendments while compost produced higher DHA than manure or fertilizer treatments to the silty clay soil. There was no treatment effect on soil organic C in the sandy loam, while organic treatments increased organic C in the silty clay soil. Soil pH was affected by treatments to both soils with compost amendments producing the greatest increases in this parameter. The results emphasize the importance of considering initial soil organic C and soil texture when planning studies of the effect of organic amendments on soil microbial activity. Key words: Dehydrogenase, compost, chicken manure, pH, soil organic carbon

Effect of Soil and Climate on Herbicide Dissipation

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Burnside ◽  
C. R. Fenster ◽  
G. A. Wicks ◽  
J. V. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Herbicide Residue

The persistence of five herbicides in six soils across Nebraska can be ranked from greatest to least as follows: 5-bromo-3-isopropyl-6-methyluracil (isocil) at 5 and 25 1b/A, 2-chloro-4,6-bis-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (propazine) at 3 and 9 1b/A, 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) at 3 and 9 1b/A, trichlorobenzyl chloride (hereinafter referred to as TCBC) at 7 and 49 1b/A, and 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxyl-1-methylurea (linuron) at 3 and 9 1b/A. Soil texture differences (sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, silt loam, and silty clay loam) had a greater influence on herbicide residue carryover than did climatic differences across Nebraska during 1962 to 1968. Soil carryover of herbicide residues was greater in coarse rather than fine-textured soils and in the drier regions of western than in eastern Nebraska. Leaching of herbicides into the soil profile was an avenue of herbicide dissipation.

scholarly journals Soil Texture Alters the Impact of Salinity on Carbon Mineralization

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Ruihuan She ◽  
Yongxiang Yu ◽  
Chaorong Ge ◽  
Huaiying Yao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Texture ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Soil salinization typically inhibits the ability of decomposer organisms to utilize soil organic matter, and an increase in soil clay content can mediate the negative effect of salinity on carbon (C) mineralization. However, the interactive effects of soil salt concentrations and properties on C mineralization remain uncertain. In this study, a laboratory experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of soil salt content (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.0%) and texture (sandy loam, sandy clay loam and silty clay soil with 6.0%, 23.9% and 40.6% clay content, respectively) on C mineralization and microbial community composition after cotton straw addition. With increasing soil salinity, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the three soils decreased, but the effect of soil salinity on the decomposition of soil organic carbon varied with soil texture. Cumulative CO2 emissions in the coarse-textured (sandy loam and sandy clay loam) soils were more affected by salinity than those in the fine-textured (silty clay) soil. This difference was probably due to the differing responses of labile and resistant organic compounds to salinity across different soil texture. Increased salinity decreased the decomposition of the stable C pool in the coarse-textured soil, by reducing the proportion of fungi to bacteria, whereas it decreased the mineralization of the active C pool in the fine-textured soil through decreasing the Gram-positive bacterial population. Overall, our results suggest that soil texture controlled the negative effect of salinity on C mineralization through regulating the soil microbial community composition.

scholarly journals Influence of xenobiotic contaminants on landfill soil microbial activity and diversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. S285-S290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Pérez-Leblic ◽  
A. Turmero ◽  
M. Hernández ◽  
A.J. Hernández ◽  
J. Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial

Radiorespirometry measurement of the soil microbial activity of trial fields treated with organic fertilizers

1994 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Jean Rouchaud ◽  
Fabrice Gustin ◽  
Dany Callens ◽  
Robert Bulcke ◽  
Joel Gillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Microbial
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