Use of antisera against bovine (NCDV) and simian (SA11) rotaviruses in ELISA to detect different types of human rotavirus

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1118-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Bishai ◽  
L. Spence ◽  
D. Goodwin ◽  
R. Petro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Elisa System ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Enzyme Conjugate

Two ELISA systems for the detection of human rotaviruses were developed. In the first system antibodies to Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) were used for coating the solid matrix and for the preparation of the enzyme conjugate. In the second system antibodies to human rotavirus and antibodies to simian rotavirus (SA11) were used for coating the solid matrix and for the preparation of the enzyme conjugate respectively. The second ELISA system proved to have a broader spectrum for the detection of human rotaviruses. By using the two ELISA systems, the different types of human rotavirus could be distinguished. The ELISA tests developed were 8 to 64 times as sensitive as electron microscopy (EM) and (or) counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). The antigen detected by ELISA was shown to be different from that detected by the hemagglutination test.

scholarly journals Enhancement of antigen incorporation and infectivity of cell cultures by human rotavirus

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-492
Author(s):  
B D Schoub ◽  
A R Kalica ◽  
H B Greenberg ◽  
D M Bertran ◽  
M M Sereno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Viral Protein ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Human Viruses ◽  
Virus Strains

Infection of cell cultures with human rotavirus preparations was attempted and the effects of trypsin and low-speed centrifugation on antigen incorporation, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay, were determined. In addition, the effect of viral aggregation on antigen incorporation was investigated by filtering viral preparations. Four strains of human rotavirus were employed, and the results were compared to those obtained with two tissue culture-adapted animal rotaviruses. Centrifugation and trypsin appeared to have little or no effect on infectivity of the tissue culture-adapted (simian rotavirus) or -adaptable (Nebraska calf diarrhea virus) strains, whereas centrifugation and viral aggregation appeared to be essential for the human viruses. In addition, trypsin enhanced antigen incorporation of the human strains to some extent. Infectivity for cell cultures and in vitro human rotavirus protein formation was demonstrated by [35S]methionine incorporation, and the specificity of this human viral protein was established by radio-immunoprecipitation.

Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
P. Rew ◽  
T.-T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

Scanning electron microscopy of asbestos-containing material where the asbestos fibers are considered locked in a binder

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
J. R. Millette ◽  
R. S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Asbestos Fibers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Binder Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has labeled as “friable” those building materials that are likely to readily release fibers. Friable materials when dry, can easily be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder using hand pressure. Other asbestos containing building materials (ACBM) where the asbestos fibers are in a matrix of cement or bituminous or resinous binders are considered non-friable. However, when subjected to sanding, grinding, cutting or other forms of abrasion, these non-friable materials are to be treated as friable asbestos material. There has been a hypothesis that all raw asbestos fibers are encapsulated in solvents and binders and are not released as individual fibers if the material is cut or abraded. Examination of a number of different types of non-friable materials under the SEM show that after cutting or abrasion, tuffs or bundles of fibers are evident on the surfaces of the materials. When these tuffs or bundles are examined, they are shown to contain asbestos fibers which are free from binder material. These free fibers may be released into the air upon further cutting or abrasion.

scholarly journals Unraveling the fine-tuned lemon coloration of a pierid butterfly Catopsilia pomona

Microscopy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
Monalisa Mishra ◽  
Ashutosh Choudhury ◽  
P Sagar Achary ◽  
Harekrushna Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Pierid Butterfly ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Butterflies wings possess different types of scales to perform diverse functions. Each scale has many nano and microstructures, which interferes with light, resulting in unique coloration for each butterfly. Besides coloration, the arrangement of scales further helps in giving better survivability. Thus, analysis of wing pattern provides an overall idea about adaptation and activity of the animal. The current study deciphers the structure and composition of a wing of a pierid butterfly Catopsilia pomona, which remains active at 42°C at which temperature all other butterflies face a tougher task for existence. In order to know the relation between survivability and adaptation in the wing, we have investigated the structural and physical composition of the wing of C. pomona under optical spectroscopy (absorption, reflectance and transmittance) along with microscopy techniques (optical and scanning electron microscopy), which are not described in earlier studies. The current findings reveal unique structural arrangement within scales to provide the best fit to the animal in variable temperature.

Pathology of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Induced by a Reo-Like Virus

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 490-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Mebus ◽  
E. L. Stair ◽  
N. R. Underdahl ◽  
M. J. Twiehaus
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Gross, immunofluorescent, and light microscopic findings in seven gnotobiotic calves inoculated orally with a Reo-like neonatal calf diarrhea virus were compared to findings in three control gnotobiotic calves. Neonatal calf diarrhea virus infected primarily the villous epithelium of the small intestine. Calves examined within 1.5 h after onset of diarrhea had tall columnar immunofluorescent villous epithelial cells in the middle and lower small intestine. Calves examined 2–4.5 h after onset of diarrhea had cuboidal to squamous villous epithelial cells and an increase in reticulum-like cells in the villous lamina propria of the middle and lower small intestine. Viral tilers were 106 and 108 in colonic contents from two calves inoculated with cell-culture-adapted virus and necropsied, respectively, 2 and 6 h after onset of diarrhea.

Hierarchical Design and Nanomechanics of the Calcified Byssus of Anomia simplex

2009 ◽  
Vol 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob R Eltzholtz ◽  
Marie Krogsgaard ◽  
Henrik Birkedal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Hierarchical Design ◽  
Reduced Modulus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractBiology has evolved several strategies for attachment of sedentary animals. In the bivalves, byssi abound and the best known example being the protein-based byssus of the blue mussel and other Mytilidae. In contrast the bivalve Anomia sp. has a single calcified thread. The byssus is hierarchical in design and contains several different types of structures as revealed by scanning electron microscopy images. The mechanical properties of the byssus are probed by nanoindentation. It is found that the mineralized part of the byssus is very stiff with a reduced modulus of about 67 GPa and a hardness of ˜3.7 GPa. This corresponds to a modulus roughly 20% smaller than that of pure calcite and a hardness that is about 20% larger than pure calcite. The results reveal the importance of microstructure on mechanical performance.

Decagonal random tilings and their quasi-unit cell cluster coverings

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150171
Author(s):  
Juan García Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Unit ◽  
Cell Cluster ◽  
Penrose Tiling ◽  
Decagonal Quasicrystals ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Random Tilings ◽  
Microscopy Images ◽  
Bow Tie

Electron microscopy images of decagonal quasicrystals obtained recently have been shown to be related to cluster coverings with a Hexagon–Bow–Tie decagon as single structural unit. Most decagonal phases show more complex structural orderings than models based on deterministic tilings like the Penrose tiling. We analyze different types of decagonal random tilings and their coverings by a Hexagon–Bow–Tie decagon.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastrospirillum-like organisms in pigs, cattle, and dogs: a comparison of diagnostic methods between species

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kolodzieyski ◽  
B. Kim ◽  
H. Park ◽  
H.S. Yoon ◽  
C.W. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Brush Cytology ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Typical Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of spiral-shaped bacteria in animals as a possible source of pathogens causing chronic changes in the human and animal stomach as well as in other parts of the digestive tract. This study was carried out in three different groups of animals, pigs, cattle and dogs. Swabs from the oral cavity of dogs (<I>n</I> = 198) were stained using Gram’s method to evaluate gastrospirillum-like organisms (GLOs) and revealed two different types of GLOs with an incidence of 23.2% (46/198). The stomachs of the pigs (<I>n</I> = 104), cattle (<I>n</I> = 102), and dogs (<I>n</I> = 7) were collected for the urease test, brush cytology, light and electron microscopy, and PCR. A positive urease test was observed in 31.7% (33/104) of pigs, 90.2% (92/102) of cattle, and 85.7% (6/7) of dog samples. GLOs were detected in 37.5% (39/104) of pigs, 62.7% (64/102) of cattle, and 85.7% (6/7) of dog samples by brush cytology. Furthermore, positive PCR results were obtained in the stomach samples of dogs that had tested positive by both the urease test and brush cytology. The morphological study using brush cytology and scanning electron microscopy of a pig stomach revealed bacteria with the typical morphology of GLOs, which appeared to be similar to <I>Helicobacter heilmanii</I>. This study indicates that the urease test and brush cytology are useful tools for diagnosing GLOs in different animals. Moreover, the location of specimen collection can influence the diagnostic sensitivity of the examination.

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