A liquid medium for the production of Kabatiella zeae conidia

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. B. Reifschneider ◽  
Deane C. Arny
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Conidial Production ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Short Time

A liquid medium, designated as Kabatiella zeae medium (KZM), containing 10.0 g of carboxymethylcellulose, 5.0 g of maltose, 1.5 g of peptone, 1.0 g of monobasic potassium phosphate, 1 L of distilled water, is described. Peptone was found to be the component most influential in stimulating sporulation. The optimum temperature for conidial production was 25 °C. In shake culture about 107 conidia/mL were produced in 5 days at room temperature (about 21 °C) when KZM was seeded with 4-day-old colony plugs. The optimum for conidial production was pH 5 with only a slight gradual reduction to pH 9. However, fungal development was abnormal at pH values of 4 and 5. Of the 29 isolates tested, only two did not sporulate in KZM or in any other medium. Because of the high yield of conidia in a short time, the ease of preparation and use, and its low cost, KZM is especially useful where large amounts of inoculum are needed.

scholarly journals Enhanced Oil Removal by a Non-Toxic Biosurfactant Formulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Emília Mendes da Silva Santos ◽  
Isabela Regina Alvares da Silva Lira ◽  
Hugo Moraes Meira ◽  
Jaciana dos Santos Aguiar ◽  
Raquel Diniz Rufino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Central Composite Rotatable Design ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Central Composite

In this study, a new formulation of low-cost, biodegradable, and non-toxic biosurfactant by Candida sphaerica UCP 0995 was investigated. The study was conducted in a bioreactor on an industrial waste-based medium, and a central composite rotatable design was used for optimization. The best results, namely a 25.22 mN/m reduction in surface tension, a biosurfactant yield of 10.0 g/L, and a critical micelle concentration of 0.2 g/L, were achieved in 132 h at an agitation speed of 175 rpm and an aeration rate of 1.5 vvm. Compositional and spectroscopic analyses of the purified biosurfactant by chemical methods, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance suggested that it is a glycolipid-type biosurfactant, and it showed no cytotoxicity in the MTT assay. The biosurfactant, submitted to different formulation methods as a commercial additive, remained stable for 120 days at room temperature. Tensioactive properties and stability were evaluated at different pH values, temperatures, and salt concentrations. The biosurfactant obtained with all formulation methods demonstrated good stability, with tolerance to wide ranges of pH, temperature and salinity, enabling application under extreme environmental conditions. Bioremediation tests were performed to check the efficacy of the isolated biosurfactant and the selected microbial species in removing oil from soil. The results demonstrated that the biosurfactant produced has promising properties as an agent for the bioremediation of contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Ca2+ removal from water by the use of Na-palygorskite for potential water softening

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Eleni ◽  
Panagopoulos Georgios ◽  
Katsanou Konstantina ◽  
Biniaris Alexandros
Keyword(s):  
Linear Form ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Water Softening ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract Sodium-treated palygorskite (Na-Pal) sample was investigated for the sorption of Ca2+ ions with the aim of treating water hardness. The effective modification of the mineral with Na+ was verified by XRD and FT-IR techniques. Batch kinetic experiments in standard solutions were performed proving that 30 g/L of Na-Pal were highly satisfactory as the Ca2+ removal reached the 85% for 100 mg/L Ca2+ initial concentration, which is very promising for the softening of moderate or hard waters. The Ca2+ removal found to be pH and temperature independent, with high removal rates at room temperature and common pH values of water samples (pH 4–12), rendering these circumstances ideal for the low-cost maintenance of the procedure that took place within the first 5 min. The linear form of the Langmuir isotherm model expressed better (R2 = 1) the Ca2+ sorption, which means that takes place at specific homogeneous sites of Na-Pal. Thermodynamic analysis proved the non-spontaneous (positive ΔG0), physical, and exothermic nature (ΔH0 = −10.8197 kJ/mol) of the reaction, while the kinetic models proved the chemisorption of Ca2+ by Na-Pal.

scholarly journals High-Yield Grafting of Carboxylated Polymers to Wood Pulp Fibers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfeng Zhang ◽  
Paul Bicho ◽  
Erin A.S. Doherty ◽  
Richard J. Riehle ◽  
Jose Moran Mirabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Abstract Poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid), PEMAc, is a linear polymer that, along with its isomer polyacrylic acid, has the highest carboxylic acid content of any polymer. The goal of this work was to elucidate the mechanisms that control the amount of PEMAc that is permanently fixed on pulp fibers after the impregnation of dry pulp with a dilute PEMAc solution followed by drying/heating (curing). Two mechanisms by which PEMAc is fixed to cellulose fibers were discovered, chemical, and physical fixation. With room temperature drying only physical fixation is operative. Evidence supports the explanation that physical fixation is a consequence of the slow swelling and dissolution of thick dried PEMAc deposits on fiber surfaces. Chemical fixation includes grafting to cellulose plus enhanced cohesion within thick PEMAc layers, possibly due to interchain crosslinking. The pH of the PEMAc impregnation solution determines the fixation mechanism for curing temperatures above 100 o C. Physical fixation dominates when pH > 8 whereas chemical fixation dominates for impregnation pH values < 7, suggesting the curing reactions require partial or complete protonation of the succinic acid moieties. The yield of impregnated polymer fixed to the fibers after washing depends upon the fixation mechanism. When chemical fixation dominates, the yields for low and high molecular weight PEMAc doses less than 0.1 meq/g (6.3 kg PEMA/tonne dry pulp) were close to or equaled 100%. By contrast, when the primary mechanism is physical fixation, yields are ~50% for high molecular weight PEMAc and 0-20% for low MW PEMAc. These results show that high PEMAc fixation yields can be achieved under curing conditions that could be implemented in pulp drying machines producing dry market pulp.

Infrared Switching of Self-Heating VO2/ITO Films for Smart Window

2021 ◽  
Vol 1034 ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Zheng Jing Zhao ◽  
Dong Lai Li ◽  
Jing Bo Li ◽  
Yong Jie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Hysteresis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Rutile Phase ◽  
Smart Window ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Ito Glass ◽  
Short Time

The unique metal to insulator transition (MIT) of vanadium dioxide (VO2) makes it receiving extensive attention in the application of smart window. As for VO2-based smart window, the critical transition temperature (Tc) is required to be reduced to near room temperature for practical applications. In this paper, we fabricated VO2 films on ITO glass by hydrothermal method and applied voltage to ITO, therefore, the joule heat generated by ITO triggered the complete MIT of VO2 at room temperature in very short time ~3 s with applied voltage of 12 V. The VO2 film on ITO substrate shows obviously widened hysteresis behavior in the reversible transition process with a thermal hysteresis width of ~33 °C. The widened hysteresis loop makes it possible to stabilize the rutile phase (R) of VO2 at room temperature via applying a low holding voltage of 6 V. The proposed VO2/ITO film exhibits promising application in active smart window, and possesses advantages of simple structure, easy-fabricated and low-cost.

Practical Method to Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles for Electro-Conductive Inkjet Inks in Aqueous Medium

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 356-359
Author(s):  
Jun Natsuki ◽  
Takao Abe
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Uniform Particles ◽  
Short Time

This paper describes a new method to prepare silver nanoparticles useful for printing electronic circuits. We have tried to develop a silver nitrate reduction method, with which a certain reducing agent has played an important role in the reduction of silver ions in an aqueous solution. The reduction has occurred rapidly at room temperature and the silver particles have been separated very easily from the solution in a short time. In this process, any organic solvent has not been used and separation of silver nanoparticles has not been complicated. All chemicals used in this study have been water-soluble. Small and relatively uniform particles of a diameter lower than 10 nm can be obtained with high purity and high yield. These can result in low cost, safe treatment and good for environment protection. This method of producing colloidal silver nanoparticles will find practical use in electronics applications.

Preparation of Genipin by Hydrolysis of Geniposide with Co-Immobilized Enzyme

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1793-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zheng Liang ◽  
He Chen ◽  
Jian Feng Wang ◽  
Yu Lan He
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Immobilized Enzyme ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Enzymatic Properties ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Co-immobilize enzyme by cross-linking and embedding, optimize conditions for immobilizing, determinate the enzymatic properties of co-immobilized enzyme and study the methods for preparation of genipin using co-immobilized enzyme to hydrolyze geniposide. Optimized immobilizing conditions include glutaraldehyde concentration being 0.15%, cross-linking temperature being 20°C, cross-linking time being 2 hours, the activity of co-immobilized β-glucosidase and cell reaches to 65.33U/mg and the enzyme activity recovery being 52.63%. Enzymatic properties of co-immobilized enzyme are following: optimum temperature is 55°C and optimum pH is 5.0. The transformation experiments are carried out with co-immobilized enzyme. The results show that half-life of co-immobilized enzyme reaches around 40 days, higher than the normal immobilized enzyme. The conversion rate of geniposide is above 95% after 8 hours. The genipin is isolated, purified and recrystallized to reach more than 98% of purity by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Advantages to prepare genipin using co-immobilized enzyme include low cost, high yield, environmental friendly and easy to manufacturing.

scholarly journals KxWO Is a Novel Ferroelectric Nanomaterial for Application as a Room Temperature Acetone Sensor

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Johnson ◽  
Qifeng Zhang ◽  
Danling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ferroelectric Property ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
High Yield ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acetone Sensor ◽  
Sensing Performance

A newly synthesized nanomaterial known as KxW7O22 (KxWO) exhibits a stable room-temperature ferroelectric property. This unique ferroelectric property has revealed that KxWO is a promising material for application in a breath sensor, which can be used for patients to monitor their daily health condition and diagnose disease at every early stage with low cost, convenience, and non-invasion. In this study, we successfully synthesized nano-structured KxWO through a low cost but high yield hydrothermal method. The sensing response of KxWO to acetone is examined based on a chemiresistive effect. For the first time, we systematically studied how material structures and the component, potassium (K), can affect KxWO-based sensing performance. The results indicate that the low temperature ferroelectric property of KxWO causes an excellent response to acetone, which is the biomarker for diabetes. The lowest detection limit can be down to 0.1 ppm and the KxWO-based sensor can operate at room temperature. In addition, the Kx component KxWO and its crystal structure also play an important role in improving its sensing performance. Our results provide advanced research in (1) exploring the study of KxWO material properties by tailoring the concentration of the potassium in KxWO and introducing the surfactant Pluronic L-121 in the growing process, and (2) optimizing KxWO sensing performance by controlling its material properties.

Thick Copper and Aluminum Wire Bonding Technology for High Power Laser Devices

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 000336-000340
Author(s):  
Kong Weng Lee ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Jay Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Wire Bonding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Aluminum Wire ◽  
Power Laser ◽  
Laser Devices

The trends of increasing demand of higher power laser devices with increased current capacity and total package cost reduction to improve dollars per watt of laser output power have resulted in the need for alternatives to traditional gold wirebonds on gold-plated substrates. Copper and aluminum wires are considered to be the leading candidates due to their vast reliability database in the semiconductor industry and cost advantages. Room temperature (25°C) wirebonding with a robust process window and high yield is required for high-volume, low-cost applications. The wirebonds must also meet or exceed the stringent reliability requirements of 1000 hours at 85°C/85%RH damp heat (DH) and 1000 hrs at 175°C high temperature storage (HTS) testing. In this study, 10 mils round thick copper and aluminum wire bonding has been successfully developed at room temperature with no intermetallic failure or void formation at the Al/Au and Cu/Au interfaces after 1000 hours of DH and HTS testing. Further investigation with corrosion-resistant Al wire shows excellent pull strength and wire shear per Mil-Std 883 after 2000 hours of DH and HTS testing with no evidence of void formation at the Al/Au interface. The thickness of the Au-Al intermetallic is found to be minimal at ∼4um after 1000 hours of HTS testing. This study has demonstrated that both thick copper and aluminum wire are capable of wire bonding at room temperature to function as a reliable interconnect with improved product performance and low cost.

scholarly journals Liquid-phase catalytic growth of graphene

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin Tian ◽  
Libin Tang ◽  
Jinzhong Xiang ◽  
Shu Ping Lau ◽  
Shouzhang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Graphene Film ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Catalytic Growth ◽  
Graphene Films ◽  
Post Annealing

Abstract Ability to mass produce graphene at low cost is of paramount importance in bringing graphene based technologies into market. Here we report a facile liquid-phase catalytic growth of graphene suitable for mass production. Iodine tincture is used to catalyze graphene quantum dots to form graphene films at room temperature. Such method has many advantages, such as environment friendly, high yield, low cost and wide choice of substrates. Furthermore, bandgap of the graphene films is tunable by post-annealing. A photodetector based on the graphene films was developed and could response to a broad wavelength between 365 and 1200 nm. It exhibited detectivity and responsivity of up to 1.1x1013 cmHz1/2W-1 and 81.3 mAW-1 respectively. Hence, the graphene films demonstrated significant applications in the field of optoelectronics. Interestingly, surface of the graphene film prepared by this method has wrinkles that can also be explored for energy storage applications.

scholarly journals Molybdatophosphoric acid as an efficient catalyst for the catalytic and chemoselective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using urea hydrogen peroxide as a commercially available oxidant

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Hasaninejad ◽  
Mohammad Zolfigol ◽  
Gholamabbas Chehardoli ◽  
Mohammad Mokhlesi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Alkyl Aryl ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Efficient Procedure ◽  
Urea Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Aryl Sulfides

An efficient procedure for the chemoselective oxidation of alkyl (aryl) sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides using urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP) in the presence of a catalytic amount of molybdatophosphoric acid at room temperature is described. The advantages of described method are: generality, high yield and chemoselectivity, short reaction time, low cost and compliment with green chemistry protocols.

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