The effects of temperature, incubation atmosphere, and medium composition on arthrospore formation in the fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth G. Emyanitoff ◽  
Tadayo Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Germ Tube ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Stimulation Of

Several growth conditions were found to allow abundant arthrospore formation in T. mentagrophytes. These included growth at 32–37 °C on Sabouraud's medium (1% neopeptone, 4% glucose) and growth at temperatures below 32 °C solely on neopeptone or other complex peptide sources without the addition of glucose, a supplementary carbon source. Sabouraud's medium did not allow arthropsore formation at 30 °C under normal atmospheric conditions. However, if oxygen tension were reduced by partial replacement of air with either N2 orCO2 arthrosporulation did occur on Sabouraud's medium at 30 °C. The rate of germ tube elongation was lower under those conditions which supported arthrospore formation, suggesting a correlation between decreased rate of hyphal extension and arthrospore formation. Stimulation of arthrospore formation by sublethal concentrations of several antifungal agents tends to support this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Antifungal Agents: Design, Synthesis, Antifungal Activity and Molecular Docking of Phloroglucinol Derivatives

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxing Teng ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Jinhua Gu ◽  
Peiqi Shi ◽  
Zhibin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Protein Binding Site ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives

Pseudoaspidinol is a phloroglucinol derivative with Antifungal activity and is a major active component of Dryopteris fragrans. In our previous work, we studied the total synthesis of pseudoaspidinol belonging to a phloroglucinol derivative and investigated its antifungal activity as well as its intermediates. However, the results showed these compounds have low antifungal activity. In this study, in order to increase antifungal activities of phloroglucinol derivatives, we introduced antifungal pharmacophore allylamine into the methylphloroglucinol. Meanwhile, we remained C1–C4 acyl group in C-6 position of methylphloroglucinol using pseudoaspidinol as the lead compound to obtain novel phloroglucinol derivatives, synthesized 17 compounds, and evaluated antifungal activities on Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in vitro. Molecular docking verified their ability to combine the protein binding site. The results indicated that most of the compounds had strong antifungal activity, in which compound 17 were found to be the most active on Trichophyton rubrum with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 3.05 μg/mL and of Trichophyton mentagrophytes with MIC of 5.13 μg/mL. Docking results showed that compounds had a nice combination with the protein binding site. These researches could lay the foundation for developing antifungal agents of clinical value.

scholarly journals Kinetic Patterns of Candida albicans Germ Tube Antibody in Critically Ill Patients: Influence on Mortality

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1527-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Zaragoza ◽  
Javier Pemán ◽  
Guillermo Quindós ◽  
Jose R. Iruretagoyena ◽  
María S. Cuétara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Antifungal Treatment ◽  
Lower Mortality

ABSTRACT The influence of kinetic patterns of Candida albicans germ tube antibodies (CAGTA) on mortality was analyzed in six intensive care units. Statistically significant lower mortality rates were found in patients with patterns of increasing CAGTA titers who had been treated with antifungal agents. Thus, antifungal treatment should be considered when CAGTA titers are increasing in critically ill patients.

Effects of temperature on ADP-ribosylation factor stimulation of cholera toxin activity

Biochemistry ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Murayama ◽  
Su Chen Tsai ◽  
Ronald Adamik ◽  
Joel Moss ◽  
Martha Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Adp Ribosylation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Adp Ribosylation Factor ◽  
Stimulation Of

Factors influencing infection, colonization and symptom expression in barley by Rhynchosporium secalis

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Ali
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
West China ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Germ Tube Growth

Germ tube growth and mycelium establishment of Rhynchosporium secalis, the causal agent of scald in barley, were studied in seven resistant and four susceptible barley hosts of known genotype. Although no visible symptoms were apparent, none of the resistant hosts were free from mycelium establishment in leaf tissue. The resistant hosts could be divided into two categories according to the rate of germ tube growth. The effect of host age, duration of incubation period, temperature, spore concentration, and pathogen age on symptom expression in the 11 genotypes was examined. Excluding the effects of temperature, the resistant genotypes could be grouped into (a) those expressing their resistance consistently, e.g. Psaknon, Atlas 46, Atlas 57, Hudson and Turk, and (b) those expressing their resistance inconsistently, e.g. West China and La Mesita. High temperature caused breakdown of resistance in Psaknon, Turk, Hudson and West China. The pathogenicity of one isolate (UWA307) was found to be impaired by high temperature. Implications of the above findings are discussed in relation to the disease situation in Western Australia.

Production of Novel Exopolysaccharide with Emulsifying Ability from Marine Microorganism, Alteromonas sp. Strain 00SS11568

2005 ◽  
Vol 277-279 ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joung Han Yim ◽  
Se Hun Ahn ◽  
Sung Jin Kim ◽  
Yoo Kyung Lee ◽  
Kyu Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Average Molecular Mass ◽  
Emulsifying Ability

To find a novel exopolysaccharide, marine bacterial strains were isolated from coastal regions of Korea. Strain 00SS11568 was then selected as it produced a mucous exopolysaccharide during the stationary phase in a batch culture. The isolate was identified as Alteromonas sp. based on its 16S rDNA sequence, morphological, and biochemical properties. The exopolysaccharide, designated as p-11568, exhibited an emulsifying ability. The Emulsification Index (E24) of 0.1% p- 11568 was 77.4% with an emulsified kerosene content, and was higher than those of commercial polysaccharides, such as xanthan gum (26.1%), gellan gum (1.3%), and sodium alginate (2.0%). p- 11568 was found to be composed of glucose and galactose as the main natural sugars in a molar ratio of 1.3:1, along with uronic acid (18.9%, w/w) and sulfate groups (1.2% w/w). The average molecular mass was 4.4 x 105 daltons by gel filtration chromatography. The effects of pH, temperature, inorganic compounds, and C and N sources were tested to obtain the optimal medium composition for the production of p-11568. Under optimal growth conditions with the M-11568 medium, 14.9 g of crude p-11568 per liter was obtained.

scholarly journals A drug-compatible and temperature-controlled microfluidic device for live-cell imaging

Open Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 160156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Blanca Gomez-Escoda ◽  
Javier Munoz-Garcia ◽  
Julien Babic ◽  
Laurent Griscom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Live Cell Imaging ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Live Cell ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Cellular Environment

Monitoring cellular responses to changes in growth conditions and perturbation of targeted pathways is integral to the investigation of biological processes. However, manipulating cells and their environment during live-cell-imaging experiments still represents a major challenge. While the coupling of microfluidics with microscopy has emerged as a powerful solution to this problem, this approach remains severely underexploited. Indeed, most microdevices rely on the polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which strongly absorbs a variety of molecules commonly used in cell biology. This effect of the microsystems on the cellular environment hampers our capacity to accurately modulate the composition of the medium and the concentration of specific compounds within the microchips, with implications for the reliability of these experiments. To overcome this critical issue, we developed new PDMS-free microdevices dedicated to live-cell imaging that show no interference with small molecules. They also integrate a module for maintaining precise sample temperature both above and below ambient as well as for rapid temperature shifts. Importantly, changes in medium composition and temperature can be efficiently achieved within the chips while recording cell behaviour by microscopy. Compatible with different model systems, our platforms provide a versatile solution for the dynamic regulation of the cellular environment during live-cell imaging.

scholarly journals Anti-TrichophytonActivity of Protocatechuates and Their Synergism with Fluconazole

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Arantes Soares ◽  
Fernanda Patrícia Gullo ◽  
Janaina de Cássia Orlandi Sardi ◽  
Nayla de Souza Pitangui ◽  
Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Limited Spectrum ◽  
Promising Source

Dermatophytosis and superficial mycosis are a major global public health problem that affects 20–25% of the world’s population. The increase in fungal resistance to the commercially available antifungal agents, in conjunction with the limited spectrum of action of such drugs, emphasises the need to develop new antifungal agents. Natural products are attractive prototypes for antifungal agents due to their broad spectrum of biological activities. This study aimed to verify the antifungal activity of protocatechuic acid, 3,4-diacetoxybenzoic, and fourteen alkyl protocatechuates (3,4-dihydroxybenzoates) againstTrichophyton rubrumandTrichophyton mentagrophytesand to further assess their activities when combined with fluconazole. Susceptibility and synergism assays were conducted as described in M38-A2 (CLSI), with modifications. Three strains ofTrichophyton rubrumand three strains ofTrichophyton mentagrophyteswere used in this work. The pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl protocatechuates showed great fungicidal effects, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.97 to 7.8 mg/L. Heptyl showed a synergistic activity (FIC index= 0.49), reducing the MIC of fluconazole by fourfold. All substances tested were safe, especially the hexyl, heptyl, octyl, and nonyl compounds, all of which showed a high selectivity index, particularly in combination with fluconazole. These ester associations with fluconazole may represent a promising source of prototypes in the search for anti-Trichophytontherapeutic agents.

Effects of Temperature on Responses of the Gonads of Green Sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) to Treatment with Carp Pituitaries and Testosterone Propionate

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin M. Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Lepomis Cyanellus ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Gonadal Recrudescence ◽  
Green Sunfish ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Previous investigations have demonstrated that stimulation of gonadal recrudescence in the green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) depends on the concurrent presence of long photoperiods (15 hr) and elevated temperatures (> 15 C). The present investigation indicates that recrudescence can be stimulated in seasonally regressed ovaries and testes by injections of a crude extract of fish pituitary glands, and in testes by testosterone propionate, but only under elevated temperature. The low temperatures that block gonadal responses to long photoperiods also effectively prevent gonadal responses to administered hormones. These observations indicate that the responsiveness of the gonads of this species to stimulating hormones is markedly modified by temperature; however, the results do not obviate the possibility that secretion of gonadotropins by the brain–pituitary system may also be affected.

Effects of temperature and antibiotics on appressorium formation in spores of Colletotrichum lagenarium

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machiko Tani ◽  
Norio Ishida ◽  
Iwao Furusawa
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Colletotrichum Lagenarium ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Blasticidin S

Effects of temperature (32 °C), cycloheximide, and blasticidin-S on spore germination and appressorium formation of Colletotrichum lagenarium were investigated. Temperature treatment at 32 °C, given just before the emergence of the germ tube 4 h after incubation at 24 °C, significantly inhibited appressorium formation. Cycloheximide (1 ppm) or blasticidin-S (7 ppm) appeared to have reversed the effect of 32 °C treatment by producing appressoria in 30% of the germinated spores.

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