The relationship between conidiation and alkaloid production in saprophytic strains of Claviceps purpurea

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1182-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pažoutová ◽  
V. Pokorný ◽  
Z. ↠eháček
Keyword(s):  
Parent Strain ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Dense Cytoplasm ◽  
Alkaloid Synthesis ◽  
Granular Cytoplasm ◽  
Clavine Alkaloids ◽  
Conidial Formation ◽  
The Relationship

A direct relationship between alkaloid synthesis and conidia formation was observed in a series of mutants of the saprophytic fungus Claviceps purpurea 129 which produces high quantities of clavine alkaloids (4500 μg∙ml−1). Sclerotia-like mutants forming mostly arthrospores and only a low number of conidiospores were exceptional in that they were characterized by an inverse relationship between alkaloid synthesis and conidial formation. Conidiospores of the parent strain 129 differed both in their size and ultrastructure. They included oval microconidia (2 × 3.5 μm) and prolonged macroconidia (2 × 10.5 μm). Both conidial types originated on short lateral sporophores terminated by phialids. Most conidia were characterized by electron-dense cytoplasm with a number of lipidic inclusions; a minority of conidia contained granular cytoplasm and vacuoles with membrane invaginations. Bicellular conidia were only rarely observed.

scholarly journals Deporte en edad escolar y agentes sociales: estudio preliminar sobre la relación entre familia, monitores y deportistas en la provinicia de León (School age sport and social agents: a preliminary study of the relationship between family, monitors and spor

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Concepción Tuero del Prado ◽  
Belén Zapico Robles ◽  
René González Boto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
School Age ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Doing School ◽  
The Relationship

Los objetivos del estudio fueron analizar los motivos de práctica, la percepción de los modelos y características del deporte en edad escolar, así como la influencia de tres agentes sociales en el contexto deportivo escolar de la provincia de León. Se administró el CDEECYL en un grupo de 33 deportistas, 21 padres y 12 monitores. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y correlacional de variables, así como un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) para la comparación de medias. Factores relacionados con la diversión, la salud y el aprendizaje fueron valorados de forma relevante por los tres grupos y en mayor medida que la competición, la cual tuvo mayor importancia para monitores y deportistas. Los valores educativos tuvieron especial interés para los padres, mientras que la amistad fue un motivo de práctica principal para los deportistas. El estilo del entrenador y el tipo de planteamiento deportivo influyeron sobre aspectos motivacionales de los deportistas, la percepción del deporte y del monitor. Los padres valoraron más los aspectos recreativos y educativos frente a los competivos. En los monitores se produjo una relación directa entre los aspectos condicionales y deportivos y el resultado en competición, e inversa respecto a planteamientos recreativos y actitudinales. Palabra clave: deporte en edad escolar, agentes sociales, evaluación, modelos.Abstract: the aims of this study were to analyze the reasons for doing school age sport, the perceptions of associated models and the characteristics of this type of sport, together with the influence of three social agents in the context of school age sport in the province of León. The CLQSAS (Castile and León Questionnaire on School Age Sport) was administered to a group of 33 sports men and women, 21 parents and 12 monitors. A descriptive and correlational analysis of the variables was performed, and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to compare means. Factors related to having fun, health and learning were assessed as important by the three groups, and more so than competition. In turn, this latter was considered more important by the monitors and sports men and women than by the parents. Educational value was of particular importance to the parents, whereas friendship was the principle motive for doing sport among the sports men and women. Trainer style and the kind of approach taken to sport influenced motivational aspects for sports men and women and perceptions of the sport and the monitor. Among the monitors, a direct relationship was observed between physical condition and sports aspects and competition results, and an inverse relationship was found between recreational approaches and attitude.Key words: school age sports, social agents, assessment, models.

Analysis of Relationship amongst Money Supply, Prices and Output in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushmita . ◽  
Varun Sahewala ◽  
Varun Jain ◽  
Varun Jain
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Private Consumption ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
The Relationship

The paper studies the relationship between Money Supply, Prices and Output by creating a robust VAR Model incorporating the changing trend of the macro-economic variables. The observations were that rate of change of Prices and Money Supply have a direct relationship (in short and long run), rate of change of Price and Private Consumption have an inverse relationship (more significant in long run), and rate of change of Investment and Money Supply have an inverse relationship (significant in long run). The study provides a foundation for understanding of stability and shocks amongst the macro-economic variables which have further scope of exploration in terms of magnitude of absolute change and implicit relationships which exist amongst the variables in the Quantity Theory of Money.

Stimulus Properties, Frequency of Exposure, and Affective Responding

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Reich ◽  
Carl A. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Stimulus Properties ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Familiar Stimuli ◽  
The Relationship

Several variables which might be useful in explaining the relationship between frequency of exposure and attitudinal liking are investigated. Complexity of the stimuli and their familiarity were the major variables of interest. Also involved were the sex of Ss and the individual stimuli. Four sets of stimuli were presented 20 times to independent groups of Ss, with scale ratings taken on the 1st and 20th presentations. The results showed that familiarity and complexity interacted in a complex fashion for liking. For highly familiar stimuli, an inverse relationship between complexity and affect held ( p = .10), but for novel stimuli a significant direct relationship held. Implications of the data for the hypothesized relationship of affect and complexity were discussed.

scholarly journals Visceral Leishmaniasis hospitalizations and seasonality in Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeast Brazil between 2003 – 2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Robério Dias Leite ◽  
Renata Leal Meneses ◽  
Thais Fontes De Magalhães ◽  
Maurício Yukio Ogawa ◽  
Hayssa De Oliveira Falcão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniosis ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The knowledge of the relationship between Visceral Leishmaniosis and climatic aspects is already well established in the literature of other countries, but lack data of this relationship in Brazil. Objective: This study aimed to describe the seasonal distribution of hospitalizations for Visceral Leishmaniosis (VL) in a referral hospital for infectious diseases located in an endemic area of the semiarid in the Northeast of Brazil. Methods: The number of monthly hospitalizations between 2003 and 2012 was recorded retrospectively and was correlated with climate variables. Results: During this period 1,302 patients were hospitalized. We observed an inverse relationship with the monthly amount of precipitation (r = - 0.725; p = 0.008), the number of days per month with precipitation (r = - 0.683; p = 0.0144) and relative humidity (r = - 0.746; p = 0.005) when compared with the monthly number of hospitalizations due to VL. Inversely, there was a direct relationship with the maximum monthly mean temperature and the number of hospitalizations due to VL (r = 0.643; p = 0.024). Conclusions: The rainy season, characterized by more rainfall and higher humidity, was correlated with fewer hospitalizations for VL. Conversely, in months with higher temperatures the number of hospitalizations for VL was higher.

scholarly journals Case Study: Effect of Handrim Diameter on Performance in a Paralympic Wheelchair Athlete

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Brizuela Costa ◽  
Miguel Polo Rubio ◽  
Salvador Llana Belloch ◽  
Pedro Pérez Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Stroke Frequency ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
World Records ◽  
Wheelchair Athlete

This study, with a top T-52 class athlete, determines the relationship between stroke frequency (SF) and push time (PT) and wheelchair velocity (Wv) using different handrim diameters (HD) and the effect of different HDs on the athlete’s heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (LACT) at competition speeds. Wv shows a linear-direct relationship with SF but a linear-inverse relationship with PT (p < .001 in both cases). Using bigger handrims (0.37 m instead of 0.36 m), SF increases 6%, while PT decreases 27% (at 24 Km·h–1). HR (p < .0001) increases with Wv and is also affected by HD with differences between the 0.34 m—0.36 m handrim group (lower values) and the 0.37 m handrim (higher values). Significant interaction (p < .0001) is identified between HD and Wv. LACT results seem to follow the same direction as HR. This methodology helped the athlete to choose the optimum HD, and his achievements (some world records) indicate that HD optimization could be highly profitable in sport terms.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL DEBT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN GHANA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Adubofour Isaac ◽  
Mangudhla Tinashe ◽  
Dadzie Benjamin Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The debt position of a country is crucial to the growth of its economy. We argue with empirical basis in this study that, external debt has impact on the growth of Ghana’s economy. A time- series data, spanning from 1991-2019 was analyzed. The findings of the study suggested a statistically significant and inverse relationship between external debt and economic growth. It is also argued in the study that, Ghana’s inflation regime has a significant impact on the growth of her economy. The study further verified the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth in Ghana. Results of the study revealed a significant and direct relationship between foreign direct investment in Ghana and the growth of the country’s economy. A test on granger causality found no causal linkage between external debt and economic growth in Ghana. The contribution of the study was finally discussed and limitations stated to serve as a guide for future study.

Designing a business unit and creating the first ever responsive kitchen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo FESTA ◽  
Tommaso CORA ◽  
Lucilla FAZIO
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Relationship

Is it possible to transform stone into a technological and innovative device? The meeting with one of the main stone transformers in Europe produced the intention of a disruptive operation that could affect the strategy of the whole company. A contagious singularity. By intertwining LEAN methodologies and the human-centric approach of design thinking, we mapped the value creation in the company activating a dialogue with the workers and the management, listening to people, asking for ambitions, discovering problems and the potential of production. This qualitative and quantitative analysis conducted with a multidisciplinary approach by designers, architects and marketing strategists allowed us to define a new method. We used it to design a platform that could let all the players express their potential to the maximum. This is how the group's research laboratory was born, with the aim of promoting the relationship between humans and stone through product innovation. With this goal, we coordinated the new team, developing technologies that would allow creating a more direct relationship between man and surface, making the stone reactive. The result was the first responsive kitchen ever.

A Meta Analytic Review of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Augusty P. A ◽  
Jain Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Leadership Effectiveness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Relationship

The study evaluates the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness through a Systematic Review of Literature. The relationship has been evaluated in two steps. First, a Systematic review of literature was done to provide a theoretical framework to link the dimensions of Emotional Intelligence to the elements of effective leadership. Meta-analysis was then used to consolidate empirical evidence of the relationship. The studies for the meta-analysis were sourced from Pro Quest and EBSCO and the correlation coefficients of the studies were analysed. Only articles that presented the direct relationship between the variables were included in the study. The results of the analysis revealed a strong, statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence and effective leadership. The findings of the study provide evidence for the proposition that Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness are interrelated.

A FORECAST OF PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS BY INDIRECT SIGNS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.С. САНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Group I ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

В статье представлены материалы о взаимосвязи продолжительности продуктивного использования коров с характеристикой устойчивости к деградации, с возрастом отела и удоем. В исследованной, разнородной по происхождению, группе животных для прогноза продуктивного периода коров, обусловленного устойчивостью к деградации и возрастом первого отела, пригодно уравнение регрессии, аргументами в котором являются индекс устойчивости, возраст первого отела в первой и второй степенях. Коэффициент корреляции межу предсказанными значениями продуктивного периода и его фактическими величинами в I группе составляет 0,502, во II - 0,604. При этом крайние варианты прогнозируются со статистическими ошибками 5 мес при оценке индекса устойчивости по 2 лактациям и 4,1 мес по 3, а средние варианты, соответственно, 1,6 и 1,51 мес. Индекс устойчивости к процессу старения является важной характеристикой биологических особенностей коров, определяющий их продуктивное долголетие. Его оценка по первым 2 и 3 лактациям имеет прямолинейную связь с продуктивным периодом (r=0,4109 и r=0,5270), соответственно. Зависимость продуктивного периода от возраста первого отела криволинейная — с увеличением возраста первого отела сокращается срок продуктивного использования, при возрасте первого отела более 1400 дней срок продуктивного использования колеблется от 1,33 до 1,41 лактации. Коэффициент корреляции между этими характеристиками коров составляет - 0,2164 в I и - 0,2620 во II группах. The article presents materials about the relationship of the duration of productive use of cows with the characteristic of resistance to degradation, with the age of calving and milk yield. In the studied group of animals, which is heterogeneous in origin, the regression equation is suitable for predicting the productive period of cows due to resistance to degradation and the age of the first calving, the arguments of which are the stability index, the age of the first calving in the first and second degrees. The correlation coefficient between the predicted values of the productive period and its actual values in group I is 0.502, in group II - 0.604. At the same time, the extreme variants are predicted with statistical errors of 5 months when evaluating the stability index for 2 lactations and 4.1 months for 3, and the average variants, respectively, are 1.6 and 1.51 months. The index of resistance to the aging process is an important characteristic of the biological characteristics of cows, which determines their productive longevity. Its estimate for the first 2 and 3 lactations has a direct relationship with the productive period (r=0.4109 and r=0.5270), respectively. The dependence of the productive period age at first calving curvilinear with increasing age at first calving reduces the time to productive use, while age at first calving of more than 1400 days, the period of productive use ranges from 1.33 to 1.41 lactation. The correlation coefficient between these characteristics of cows is-0.2164 in I and-0.2620 in II groups.

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