The effect on fungal growth of some 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brewer ◽  
W. S. G. Maass ◽  
A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Inhibit Spore Germination

It has been shown that 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones decrease vegetative growth and inhibit spore germination of 12 species of fungi belonging to six diverse genera. The nature of the substituents at the 3 and 6 positions of the quinone ring also affected their growth-inhibitory properties; generally those substituents of lower polarity inhibited growth at lower concentrations. As in the case of cochliodinol, chemical modification of the quinone group, or the hydroxyl groups of the quinone ring, in compounds of the polyporic acid series, also led to loss of biological activity.

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Embelin and its Derivatives: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaojun Sheng ◽  
Siyuan Ge ◽  
Min Gao ◽  
Rongchao Jian ◽  
Xiaole Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Embelia Ribes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Apoptosis Protein

Embelin is a naturally occurring para-benzoquinone isolated from Embelia ribes (Burm. f.) of the Myrsinaceae family, and contains two carbonyl groups, a methine group and two hydroxyl groups. With embelin as the lead compound, more than one hundred derivatives have been reported. Embelin is well known for its ability to antagonize the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) with an IC50 value of 4.1 μM. The potential of embelin and its derivatives in the treatment of various cancers has been extensively studied. In addition, these compounds display a variety of other biological effects: antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic and antifertility activity. This paper reviews the recent progress in the synthesis and biological activity of embelin and its derivatives. Their cellular mechanisms of action and prospects in the research and development of new drugs are also discussed.

Chemical modification of the reducing chain end in dextrans and trimethylsilylation of its hydroxyl groups

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Hashimoto ◽  
Shin-Ichiro Imanishi ◽  
Masahiko Okada ◽  
Hiroshi Sumitomo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups

scholarly journals Effect of kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) leaf extract on the growth and morphological structure of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-243
Author(s):  
M.M. Lisangan ◽  
R. Syarief ◽  
W.P. Rahayu ◽  
O.S. Dharmaputra
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Biophytum Petersianum ◽  
Observation Results

The objective of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) extract (KGE) on the mycelial growth, conidiation and morphological structure of two types of aflatoxigenic fungus, which are Aspergillus flavus BCCF 0219 and A. flavus BIO 2236. They were isolated in the three types of model media, namely carbohydrate-enriched medium, fat-enriched medium and protein-enriched medium with five concentrations of KGE (12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 mg/mL) on each media. The best extract concentration of that inhibits the growth of A. flavus BCCF 0219 was found in the carbohydrate-enriched medium (95.7%), which was 12 mg/mL, whereas at A. flavus BIO 2236 was found in the fat-enriched medium (100%), which was 16 mg/mL. Based on SEM observation results, it was found that the mechanisms involved in fungal growth inhibitory by the KGE were by morphological alterations of the hyphal development, and the collapse of the entire hyphae. These findings indicated that KGE as a potential natural antifungal agent, particularly against aflatoxigenic fungi.

Self-inhibition of arthrospore germination in Geotrichum candidum

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Inhibitor Concentration

An attempt to isolate a self-inhibitor of spore germination in Geotrichum candidum Link was unsuccessful because of the instability of the self-inhibitor. The ability of different carbon sources to stimulate germination and support somatic growth was tested in self-inhibitory conditions. Acetate, fructose, galactose, and glycerol supported both germination and somatic growth. All the fatty acids tested allowed germination but were unable to support vegetative growth; conversely mannitol could not induce germination but did support vegetative growth. Measurements of oxygen uptake by germinating arthrospores at various arthrospore concentrations showed a decrease in oxygen uptake per spore as the spore concentration (= self-inhibitor concentration) increased. Oxygen uptake per spore by dormant arthrospores also decreased with increasing spore concentration. Spore age was another factor influencing oxygen uptake by dormant spores; oxygen uptake per spore decreased with increasing spore age up to 7 days. Continued aging did not decrease the rate of oxygen uptake any further.

Recent Progress in Chemical Modification of the Natural Polysaccharide Guar Gum

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simran Kaur ◽  
Soumava Santra
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

: Guar gum (GG) is a natural heteropolysaccharide. Due to its non-toxic, eco-friendly, and biodegradable nature, GG has found wide applications in many areas, in particular food, paper, textile, petroleum, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, GG is often called “Black Gold” as well. Due to the presence of hydroxyl groups, GG can be modified by various methods. The physical and biological properties of GG can be modulated by chemical modifications. In this manuscript, various methods for the chemical modifications of GG have been discussed according to the type of modifications. Mechanistic insights have also been provided whenever possible. In addition, potential applications of new GG derivatives have also been briefly mentioned.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Activity of Phycobiliproteins against Botrytis cinerea

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Hillary Righini ◽  
Ornella Francioso ◽  
Michele Di Foggia ◽  
Antera Martel Quintana ◽  
Roberta Roberti
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Ft Raman

Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are proteins of cyanobacteria and some algae such as rhodophytes. They have antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activity at the human level, but there is a lack of knowledge on their antifungal activity against plant pathogens. We studied the activity of PBPs extracted from Arthrospiraplatensis and Hydropuntiacornea against Botrytiscinerea, one of the most important worldwide plant-pathogenic fungi. PBPs were characterized by using FT-IR and FT-Raman in order to investigate their structures. Their spectra differed in the relative composition in the amide bands, which were particularly strong in A. platensis. PBP activity was tested on tomato fruits against gray mold disease, fungal growth, and spore germination at different concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 mg/mL). Both PBPs reduced fruit gray mold disease. A linear dose–response relationship was observed for both PBPs against disease incidence and H. cornea against disease severity. Pathogen mycelial growth and spore germination were reduced significantly by both PBPs. In conclusion, PBPs have the potential for being also considered as natural compounds for the control of fungal plant pathogens in sustainable agriculture.

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Fullerenols with Various Contents of Hydroxyl Groups

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Eropkin ◽  
E. Yu. Melenevskaya ◽  
K. V. Nasonova ◽  
T. S. Bryazzhikova ◽  
E. M. Eropkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups
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