Pollution indicator bacteria associated with municipal raw and drinking water supplies

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Clark ◽  
Jane E. Pagel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Pollution Indicator

A total of 3819 bacterial cultures isolated from municipal water samples were identified using a combination of Enterotubes and confirmatory media. Frequency distributions for the different genera or groups of bacteria were similar for raw water and drinking water isolations, except for Escherichia organisms which doubled their frequency in raw water. Differences between the membrane filter (MF) and presence–absence (P–A) test with regard to types of organisms isolated were limited to Klebsiella organisms which were preferentially cultured from MF plates. Members of the genus Enterobacter were isolated more than twice as frequently as any of the other coliform genera dealt with in this study. Aeromonas organisms were detected almost as often as such individual genera as Escherichia, Citrobacter, or Klebsiella.Although non-lactose fermenting colonies (false-negatives) of the coliform genera would not be detected by the MF technique, their lack of detection would likely be offset by the Aeromonas colonies (false-positives). At least 25% of the coliform isolates were either anaerogenic or non-lactose fermenters and would therefore go undetected by the most probable number (MPN) technique.

Characterization of indicator bacteria in municipal raw water, drinking water, and new main water samples

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1002-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Clark ◽  
C. A. Burger ◽  
L. E. Sabatinos
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Pollution Indicator

Municipal water samples were analyzed by membrane filter (MF) and presence–absence (P-A) tests for pollution indicator bacteria. In four years, 11 514 bacterial cultures were isolated from either raw water, drinking water, or new main water samples submitted to three environmental laboratories. The bacterial species occurring most often in all types of water samples were Escherichia coli (11.6–39.7%), Enterobacter aerogenes (18.1–26.3%), Aeromonas hydrophila (8.8–17.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.7–10.3%), and Citrobacter freundii (5.09–22.7%). A lactose – lauryl tryptose – tryptone broth was examined as an alternative medium to modified MacConkey broth in the presumptive portion of the P-A test. The intensity of acid and gas production in presumptive positive P-A bottles was compared with the types and frequencies of indicator bacteria shown by confirmatory tests. The results of detecting indicator bacteria following the analysis of 53 130 samples over a 2-year period were arranged by water source (well, lake, river, mixed) and water type (raw or drinking) to determine the influence of these parameters on the recovery of indicator bacteria. A further subdivision of the sample types into raw surface, raw ground, in-plant, plant discharge, reservoir, and distribution samples demonstrated the effect of water treatment practices.

scholarly journals Water quality assessment based on microbiological parameter indicators for drinking water criteria on the Wadaslintang Reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 05019
Author(s):  
Diana R. U. S. Rahayu ◽  
Sutrisno Anggoro ◽  
Tri R. Soeprobowati
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Probable Number

Wadaslintang Reservoir has potential as a source of raw water for drinking water. One indicator to determine water quality is to use coliform bacteria. The purpose of this study is to determine the water quality of the Wadaslintang Reservoir as a source of drinking water based on microbiological parameters by referring to Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2001 concerning water quality management and water pollution control. The water sampling method is based on purposive sampling at ten research stations for eight months, microbiological analysis using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. The results showed that the status of the Wadaslintang Reservoir was polluted based on total coliform criteria. Utilization of reservoir water as raw water for drinking water needs to be done further processing to anticipate deterioration in health.

Virological examination of drinking water: a Canadian collaborative study

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment ◽  
Michel Trudel ◽  
S.A. Sattar ◽  
V. S. Springthorpe ◽  
T. P. Subrahmanyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Probable Number

A collaborative virological survey of drinking water was initiated in three major Canadian urban areas, Montreal, Ottawa, and Toronto. In each selected area, three water purification plants were sampled monthly for up to 18 months. The total population served by all nine plants was about 1 500 000. Samples of raw (100 L) and treated (1000 L) water were examined by virus concentration procedures based on adsorption–elution. Sample concentrates were assayed for cytopathic viruses on BS-C-1 cells and the results were expressed as the most probable number of cytopathic units (MPNCU). Viruses were detected in 57% (0–15.35 MPNCU/L) of the raw water samples from Montreal, 37% (0–46.0 MPNCU/L) in Ottawa, and 33% (0–4.91 MPNCU/L) in Toronto. The majority of isolates were reoviruses, but picornaviruses were also found. All finished waters (177 samples) met bacteriological, turbidity, and residual chlorine standards and were free of detectable viruses.

scholarly journals Analisis Escherichia coli dalam Air Minum Isi Ulang pada Depot Air Minum (DAM) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kuta Alam Banda Aceh

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Aris Winandar ◽  
Riski Muhammad ◽  
Irmansyah Irmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Facility Maintenance ◽  
Banda Aceh

Based on preliminary survey results, from 24 refill drinking water depots in the working area of Kuta Alam Health Center in Banda Aceh City that have been examined using the relatively simple H2S method by the Kuta Alam Health Center in 2020 in the May period there was no E. coli found. But in the next period the researchers continued the examination of refill drinking water using a different method, the Most Probable Number (MPN). Changes in weather related to rainfall that have an impact on the flow and concentration of ground water are also some of the factors that allow contamination of raw water used by DAMIU in the work area of the Kuta Alam Health Center in Banda Aceh City. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of drinking water in DAM in the work area of the Kuta Alam Health Center in Banda Aceh. The population in this study were all refill drinking water depots in the working area of Kuta Alam Puskesmas in the city of Banda Aceh, totaling 22 DAMIU. The sample in this study was 50% of the total refill drinking water depots in the work area of the Kuta Alam Health Center in Banda Aceh city of 11 DAMIU. Refillable drinking water that contains positive Escherichia coli from 11 samples studied there are 4 samples that are equal to 36%, and negative ones containing Escherichia coli are as many as 7 samples that are equal to 64%.Keyword: Raw water source, facility maintenance, Eschericia coli in drinking water

Analysis of Coliform and Colifecal Total Pollution Test on Various Types of Drinking Water Using the MPN (Most Probable Number) Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Aulya ◽  
Fadhliani Fadhliani ◽  
Vivi Mardina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fecal Coliform Bacteria

Water is the main source for life and also the most severe substance caused by pollution. The mandatory parameters for determining microbiological quality of drinking water are total non-fecal Coliform bacteria and Coliform fecal (Escherichia coli). Coliform bacteria are a group of microorganisms commonly used as indicators, where these bacteria can be a signal to determine whether a water source has been contaminated by bacteria or not, while fecal Coliform bacteria are indicator bacteria polluting pathogenic bacteria originating from human feces and warm-blooded animals (mammals) . The water inspection method in this study uses the MPN (Most Probable Number) method which consists of 3 tests, namely, the presumption test, the affirmation test, and the reinforcement test. The results showed that of 15 drinking water samples 8 samples were tested positive for Coliform bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1, 15 (210/100 ml), while 7 other samples were negative. From 8 positive Coliform samples only 1 sample was stated to be negative fecal Coliform bacteria and 7 other samples were positive for Coliform fecal bacteria with the highest total bacterial value of sample number 1 (210/100 ml).

The relationship between three potential pathogens and pollution indicator organisms in Nova Scotian coastal waters

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Robertson ◽  
R. S. Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
Nova Scotian

Fifteen stations, in two estuaries, along the Northumberland Strait of Nova Scotia were examined between June and September 1981 for a relationship between the concentrations of commonly monitored fecal indicator bacteria and the potential pathogens Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Increased densities of these three organisms were usually associated with high densities of indicator bacteria. Whereas C. albicans and P. aeruginosa occur in human fecal wastes, V. parahaemolyticus is indigenous to the marine environment and positively responds to elevated nutrient levels in sewage. There is also some evidence that these bacteria survive as long or longer in marine waters than the common indicator bacteria. While membrane-filtration techniques for the enumeration of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa proved satisfactory, a V. parahaemolyticus membrane-filtration method lacked specificity and was supplemented by a most-probable-number method. In marine recreational and shellfish waters, these three organisms could complement fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci as indicators of human fecal contamination.

scholarly journals Kilis İli İçme Sularının Koliform Bakteri Yönünden İncelenmesi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Ayşenur Özşavlı ◽  
Figen Şahin ◽  
Mehtap Sadak ◽  
Kıvılcım Çaktü Güler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Public Drinking Water ◽  
Public Drinking ◽  
Different Sources

In this study, fecal pollution was investigated in 6 different sources of public drinking water in Kilis. In the samples taken as seasonal (October, January, April and July) total coliform was tested with the Most Probable Number method. The total number of coliforms detected these source used as drinking water ranged from 3-1100

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