Interactions of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Trichoderma spp. in relation to propagule production in soil cultures at 26 °C

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter D. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Nonsterile Soil ◽  
Trichoderma Isolate ◽  
Inoculation Time ◽  
Simple Carbohydrates ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates ◽  
Amended Soil

Effects of Trichoderma harzianum and T. polysporum on chlamydospore production by two isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi were determined over a 21-day period in nonsterile, sterilized, and sterilized amended soil. Trichoderma was either coinoculated with P. cinnamomi or added to the cultures on day 3 of the incubation period. In nonsterile soil, conversion of mycelial fragments in the P. cinnamomi inoculum to chlamydospores resulted in an initial slight increase in chlamydospore numbers. In cultures where either of the Trichoderma isolates was added on day 3, a significant reduction in chlamydospore numbers was observed on day 4; however, neither of the Trichoderma isolates at either inoculation time significantly affected chlamydospore numbers by day 21. Results from studies with sterilized amended soil indicated that a reduction in P. cinnamomi chlamydospore numbers by either of the Trichoderma isolates was dependent upon availability of simple carbohydrates. In sterilized nonamended soil, the number of chlamydospores was increased in cultures containing either Trichoderma isolate; in sterilized amended soil chlamydospore numbers were initially reduced, followed by a general increase as the nutrients were depleted. Neither of the Trichoderma isolates exhibited significant antagonistic qualities toward P. cinnamomi.

Competition between Phytophthora cinnamomi and Trichoderma spp. in autoclaved soil

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1120-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Kelley ◽  
R. Rodriguez-Kabana
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Isolate

Results from analyses of β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) and phosphatase (EC3.1.3.1; EC 3.1.3.2) activities indicated that presence of a Trichoderma isolate reduced development of Phytophthora cinnamomi. It was also observed that P. cinnamomi was more competitive in coinoculated cultures than in cultures where Trichoderma was added on day 3. Analysis of trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) activity indicated that Trichoderma either utilized portions of the P. cinnamomi mycelium as substrate or the action of P. cinnamomi released additional nutrients not normally available to Trichoderma. The stronger Trichoderma isolate was T. harzianum.

scholarly journals Control of lettuce bottom rot by isolates of Trichoderma spp

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zayame Vegette Pinto ◽  
Matheus Aparecido Pereira Cipriano ◽  
Amaury da Silva dos Santos ◽  
Ludwig Heinrich Pfenning ◽  
Flávia Rodrigues Alves Patrício
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Bottom Rot ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

Bottom rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB, is an important disease affecting lettuce in Brazil, where its biological control with Trichoderma was not developed yet. The present study was carried out with the aim of selecting Trichoderma isolates to be used in the control of lettuce bottom rot. Forty-six Trichoderma isolates, obtained with baits containing mycelia of the pathogen, were evaluated in experiments carried out in vitro and in vivo in a greenhouse in two steps. In the laboratory, the isolates were evaluated for their capabilities of parasitizing and producing toxic metabolic substances that could inhibit the pathogen mycelial growth. In the first step of the in vivo experiments, the number and the dry weight of lettuce seedlings of the cultivar White Boston were evaluated. In the second step, 12 isolates that were efficient in the first step and showed rapid growth and abundant sporulation in the laboratory were tested for their capability of controlling bottom rot in two repeated experiments, and had their species identified. The majority of the isolates of Trichoderma spp. (76%) showed high capacity for parasitism and 50% of them produced toxic metabolites capable of inhibiting 60-100% of R. solani AG1-IB mycelial growth. Twenty-four isolates increased the number and 23 isolates increased the dry weight of lettuce seedlings inoculated with the pathogen in the first step of the in vivo experiments.In both experiments of the second step, two isolates of T. virens, IBLF 04 and IBLF 50, reduced the severity of bottom rot and increased the number and the dry weight of lettuce seedlings inoculated with R. solani AG1-IB. These isolates had shown a high capacity for parasitism and production of toxic metabolic substances, indicating that the in vitro and in vivo steps employed in the present study were efficient in selecting antagonists to be used for the control of lettuce bottom rot.

scholarly journals Trichoderma spp. NA EMERGÊNCIA E CRESCIMENTO DE MUDAS DE CAMBARÁ (Gochnatia polymorpha (Less.) Cabrera)1

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Franco Martins Machado ◽  
Antonio Padilha Tavares ◽  
Sidinei José Lopes ◽  
Antonio Carlos Ferreira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de isolados de Trichoderma spp. na emergência de plântulas e no crescimento de mudas de cambará (Gochnatia polymorpha). Utilizou-se, em casa de vegetação, substrato esterilizado e não esterilizado, sendo avaliados os efeitos de quatro isolados de trichoderma: TSM1 e TSM2 de Trichoderma viride, 2B2 e 2B22 de Trichoderma harzianum mais um mix preparado com a mistura desses quatro isolados, além de dois produtos comerciais à base de trichoderma. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que os isolados de trichoderma testados não interferem na emergência das plântulas, mas os isolados 2B2 e 2B22 de T. harzianum apresentam potenciais como promotores de crescimento de mudas de cambará.

scholarly journals Exploration and Characterization of Trichoderma sp. in Conventional and Organic Rice field in Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. S. P. R. Andriani ◽  
Idris Sharif ◽  
Bohari M Yamin ◽  
S. A. M. P. Suryani ◽  
Krisnawan Kalimutu
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
High Density ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Plastic Container ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Long Time

Abstract. Although Trichoderma spp has been widely used in the SRI technique of rice cultivation the sources of Trichoderma that can adapt well to the local environment have been an interesting issue for quite some time.  It is commonly agreed that the local Trichoderma is much more preferred to be used for rice cultivation. In the present study, the Trichoderma from the soil of a rice field in Sukawati District,  Bali where conventional fertilizer and pesticide has been applied for a very long time was isolated.  After macroscopic observations (green color and sweet coconut smell ) the single isolated fungi have very much resembled Trichoderma Harzianum. 2 mL of the Trichoderma Harzianum solution was introduced in a plastic container containing 200 g half-boiled rice. After seven days the rice in the plastic appeared green. This sample will be used to produce more T. Harzianum for rice cultivation. One of the T.Harzianum treated rice hosts was coated with gold and subjected to SEM observation. Very high populated T. Harzianum fungi were observed. It was  dominated by hyphae. No conidia and conidiophores were spotted. Instead, quite a high density of spherical and oval shape spores was observed. Such a high density of T.Harzianum will certainly meet the requirement for an efficient application in the cultivation field. It would also be interesting to see the interaction between such a highly populated T.Harzianum  with other fungi or pathogens in understanding the role of Trichoderma as an antipathogen

Biocontrol de Damping off y promoción del crecimiento vegetativo en plantas de Capsicum chinense (Jacq) con Trichoderma spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-483
Author(s):  
Edgar Javier Larios Larios ◽  
José de Jesús Wilmer Valdovinos Nava ◽  
Wilberth Chan Cupul ◽  
Felipe Alejandro García López ◽  
Gilberto Manzo Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Capsicum Chinense ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Chichen Itza

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la efectividad de Trichoderma spp. en la reducción de la incidencia del Damping off y promoción del crecimiento vegetativo de plantas de Capsicum chinense (Jacq.) var. “Chichen Itza”. Se evaluó la aplicación foliar, a través de un diseño completo al azar, de dos cepas nativas de Trichoderma sp. (SP6 y Clombta), la co-aplicación de ambas, un producto comercial (Tri-HB®: Trichoderma harzianum y Bacillus subtilis) y un fungicida químico (Captan®). Durante el periodo de estudio, las plantas tratadas con Trichoderma sp. Clombta y con la co-inoculación de Trichoderma sp. Clombta + Trichoderma sp. SP6 no mostraron síntomas de Damping off. Por el contrario, plantas tratadas con Captan® y Tri-HB® mostraron los porcentajes de incidencia acumulada más alta con 5 y 4.5%, respectivamente. Asimismo, a los 28 días después de la germinación, plantas tratadas con Trichoderma sp. Clombta presentaron una mayor altura (11 cm), diámetro de tallo (2.6 mm), biomasa aérea (fresca= 0.8 g planta-1 y seca= 0.13 g planta-1) y volumen radicular (fresca= 0.13 g planta-1 y seca= 0.04 g planta-1), en comparación al resto de los tratamientos evaluados. Para la formación de hojas (9.1 hojas planta-1), área foliar (10.2 cm2) e índice de clorofila (Clombta= 209.9) la aplicación de Trichoderma sp. Clombta destacó de nuevo con los valores más altos (p< 0.05), respecto a las aplicaciones de Captan® y Tri-HB®. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, se determinó que la cepa de Trichoderma sp. Clombta a concentración de 1x1013 conidios mL-1 resultó efectiva para el manejo del Damping off y promoción del crecimiento vegetativo de plantas de C. chinense var. “Chichen Itza”.

scholarly journals Trichoderma Contributes to the Germination and Seedling Development of Açaí Palm

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 456
Author(s):  
Bruno Fróes Campos ◽  
Anselmo Junior Corrêa Araújo ◽  
Cristina Aledi Felsemburgh ◽  
Thiago Almeida Vieira ◽  
Denise Castro Lustosa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichoderma Isolate ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Root Size ◽  
Trichoderma Isolates

The application of Trichoderma fungus can be used to obtain seedlings of higher quality for plantations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma isolates on the germination and initial growth of açaí seedlings. Two trials were set up. In the laboratory, the seeds were inoculated in suspensions prepared with each of the isolates for 24 h, and they were arranged in trays containing filter paper in a completely randomized design with five replicates containing 50 seeds each. For the control, the seeds were submerged only in water. Part of the seedlings resulting from seeds treated and not treated with Trichoderma were transferred to bags containing forest soil and were submitted to seven modes of application of Trichoderma and kept in a nursery. The speed of germination and hypocotyl were not influenced by the biological treatment. The application of the different Trichoderma isolates positively influenced the height, collar diameter, number of leaves, root size, leaf area and root, and aerial part dry mass of the açaí seedlings. The application of the Trichoderma isolate TAM01 on the preplanting substrate and biweekly applications on the postplanting substrate was the combination that most positively influenced the development of açai seedlings.

scholarly journals Effects of Gypsum on Zoospores and Sporangia of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Field Soil

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Messenger ◽  
J. A. Menge ◽  
E. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Zoospore Production ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Amended Soil

Sporangial production of Phytophthora cinnamomi buried in gypsum-amended avocado soil for 2 days was reduced by as much as 74% in greenhouse trials. P. cinnamomi sporangial volume was reduced an average of 64% in gypsum-amended soil. Soil extracts from gypsum-amended soil reduced in vitro sporangial production and volume. Irrigation with gypsum solutions of buried mycelium in unamended soil also reduced sporangial production and volume. Zoospore production and colony-forming units of P. cinnamomi were reduced in soil amended with calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, or calcium carbonate. Zoospore encystment or passive movement through soil was not significantly affected by gypsum soil amendments.

scholarly journals Trichoderma harzianum como herramienta en el manejo integrado de enfermedades de tomate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Román Müller
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías

En nuestro país como a nivel mundial, el tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. = Lycopersicun esculetum Mill.), es una de las hortalizas más consumida y de mayor valor económico. Durante su cultivo, se encuentra expuesto a distintas plagas, entre ellas a Sclerotium rolfsii. Para un control eficiente de las enfermedades es conveniente utilizar un manejo integrado de plagas, utilizando distintas técnicas de cultivo tanto clásicas como nuevas tecnologías como el control biológico, que contemplen paralelamente el cuidado del medio ambiente y la producción del cultivo. Trichoderma spp., es uno de los organismos más utilizados para el control biológico de las enfermedades de origen fúngico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficacia de la cepa de Trichoderma harzianum del IFSC como controlador biológico de Sclerotium rolfsii, ya sea sola o con fungicidas comerciales y analizar su capacidad como promotora de crecimiento del cultivo de tomate platense variedad Luna. Se evaluó el comportamiento de Th del IFSC para controlar a Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro, en cámara de crecimiento y a campo. Como resultado de los ensayos se comprobó que la cepa de Th del IFSC incrementó la germinación en condiciones in vitro e inhibió el desarrollo de S. rolfsii, poniéndose en evidencia el mecanismo de destrucción de los esclerocios. Indujo la promoción del crecimiento de la plántula obteniéndose plantas con mayor sanidad y porte. La cepa Th del IFSC tuvo mayor afinidad con el fungicida Captan incrementando la germinación y el desarrollo de las plántulas en el cultivo de tomate. Se comprobó la factibilidad del uso de Th del IFSC en un planteo de manejo integrado en el cultivo de tomate platense variedad Luna ya sea sola o con un fungicida como Captan.

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI TRICHODERMA ENDOFITIK PADA PISANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Johanna Taribuka ◽  
Christanti Sumardiyono ◽  
Siti Muslimah Widyastuti ◽  
Arif Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Its1 And Its2

Exploration and identification of endophytic Trichoderma in banana. Endophytic fungi Trichoderma is an organism that can used as biocontrol agent. This study aims to isolate and identify endophytic Trichoderma in roots of healthy banana plants from three districts in Yogyakarta, which will be used as biological control agent against the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Isolation was conducted using TSM (Trichoderma Selective Medium). We obtained six isolates of endophytic Trichoderma spp., i.e., Swn-1, Swn-2, Ksn, Psr-1, Psr-2, and Psr-3. Molecular identification was done by using ITS1 and ITS2 primer pain and sequenced. The sequence of DNA obtained was analysed and compared with NCBI database by using BLAST-N programe. The results showed that all isolates were amplified at 560-bp. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates Swn-1, Swn-2 and Psr-1 are homologous to Trichoderma harzianum, isolate Ksn homologous to Trichoderma asperrellum, isolate Psr-2 homologous to Trichoderma gamsii, and isolate Psr-3 homologous to Trichoderma koningiopsis, with the homologous value of 99%.

scholarly journals Biological inputs in promoting the growth of Bauhinia forficata Link. seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Aline Peccatti ◽  
Ana Paula Moreira Rovedder ◽  
Gerusa Pauli Kist Steffen ◽  
Joseila Maldaner ◽  
Betina Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Bauhinia Forficata

O cultivo de plantas medicinais exige cuidado na aplicação de agroquímicos a fim de evitar a alteração da composição de seus princípios ativos. Os insumos biológicos são mais recomendáveis para esse propósito. Foi testado o efeito de Trichoderma spp. e vermicomposto em mudas de Bauhinia forficata Link., uma das espécies florestais mais exploradas para fins medicinais, a partir de dois ensaios instalados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 40 repetições, em casa de vegetação. Testamos duas estirpes de Trichoderma asperelloides (T1 e T2) e duas estirpes de Trichoderma harzianum (T13 e T33) inoculadas em substrato e um tratamento controle (substrato sem inoculação). O ensaio com vermicomposto testou as proporções de 0, 20, 40, 50, 60 e 80 % de vermicomposto (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 e T6 respectivamente). As variáveis altura, diâmetro do coleto, teor de clorofila e número de folhas foram avaliadas aos 45, 90 e 135 dias após a semeadura. Analisamos também a sobrevivência, área foliar, biomassa seca total, da parte aérea e raízes e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson das mudas aos 135 dias após a semeadura. A área foliar foi submetida ao teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Outras variáveis não apresentaram normalidade e homogeneidade de variâncias e foram comparadas por Kruskal-Wallis (α = 0,05). Os insumos biológicos influenciaram positivamente no crescimento inicial de Bauhinia forficata. A altura, o diâmetro do coleto, a área foliar e a biomassa seca (total, aérea e radicular) foram superiores em relação aos tratamentos controle, para ambos os ensaios. Dentre as estirpes de Trichoderma spp., T13 apresentou melhores resultados para o crescimento das mudas em relação à T33. Mudas produzidas com proporções maiores de vermicomposto (50, 60 e 80 %) apresentaram desenvolvimento estatisticamente superior em altura e diâmetro do coleto, a partir dos 90 dias após semeadura, quando comparado ao tratamento controle. No entanto, não houve um padrão claro de diferenças entre as outras doses testadas, exigindo mais testes de dosagem. Trichoderma spp. e vermicomposto mostraram-se promissores para produção de Bauhinia forficata para fins medicinais.

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