Differences in physicochemical and antigenic properties of chlamydial strains

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sayed ◽  
K. Fung ◽  
J. C. Wilt
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Effective Period ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Isoelectric Points ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Cellular Components

Antigenic analysis of Chlamydia psittaci, C. trachomatis, and Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) revealed basic physicochemical differences among the three chlamydial strains. These were manifested in structural, isoelectric points, absorption spectra, and in the characteristics of the chromophobe-containing proteins. The effective period of sonication for C. psittaci and C. trachomatis is around 60 min during which the linkages most susceptible to external sonication forces were broken, releasing all attainable cellular components. Denaturation studies demonstrated that less than 50% of protein content of C. psittaci was denatured after 1 h of sonication, only 5% in the case of C. trachomatis. The protein and carbohydrate content of the most reactive fractions in macrophage-spreading inhibition test were different for LGV and C. trachomatis. The structural differences appear to determine the antigenic properties observed among the chlamydial strains as well as the specificity and probably the mechanisms (s) of cellular immune reactivity to Chlamydiae. This in turn may explain the failure of chlamydial vaccines, prepared from stock strains, to protect immunized children against 'wild' chlamydial strains.

CHEMISTRY OF GONADOTROPHINS IN RELATION TO THEIR ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S13-S30 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Neuraminic Acid ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Structural Differences

ABSTRACT Several chemical differences between FSH, LH and HCG have been reported: thus LH and HCG are richer in proline than FSH and FSH and HCG contain more N-acetyl neuraminic acid than LH. Sub-units of LH are formed by treatment with urea, guanidine or acid. HCG also may contain two sub-units. The sub-units from LH are biologically inert but retain their immunological activity: biological activity is restored when the sub-units are incubated together. There is much evidence from chemical and enzymic reactions that antigenic groups are distinct from those parts of the molecule essential for biological activity. N-acetyl neuraminic acid and probably other carbohydrates in FSH and HCG are not involved in immunological activity but are necessary for biological activity. Histidine, methionine and possibly cysteine appear to be essential for biological but not immunological activity of FSH, while tryptophan and possibly tyrosine are not essential for either. A few highly specific antisera to gonadotrophins have been prepared in rabbits and guinea pigs to crude antigens: there is no evidence that purified antigens are more likely to produce specific antisera. Differences in the immunological reactivities of urinary compared with pituitary gonadotrophins have been observed both by radioimmunoassay and by the complement fixation technique. The latter may be particularly useful for detecting structural differences in the hormones.

scholarly journals Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Bayonle Aminu ◽  
Olivia Roscow ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
E3 Ligases ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes ◽  
Cellular Components

Tumor microenvironments are composed of a myriad of elements, both cellular (immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) and non-cellular (extracellular matrix, cytokines, growth factors, etc.), which collectively provide a permissive environment enabling tumor progression. In this review, we focused on the regulation of tumor microenvironment through ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a reversible protein post-translational modification that regulates various key biological processes, whereby ubiquitin is attached to substrates through a catalytic cascade coordinated by multiple enzymes, including E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and E3 ubiquitin ligases. In contrast, ubiquitin can be removed by deubiquitinases in the process of deubiquitination. Here, we discuss the roles of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases as modulators of both cellular and non-cellular components in tumor microenvironment, providing potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Finally, we introduced several emerging technologies that can be utilized to develop effective therapeutic agents for targeting tumor microenvironment.

scholarly journals Antigenic Analysis of Plasminogen and Plasmin

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
UBALDO RIFÉ ◽  
FELIX MILGROM ◽  
SIDNEY SHULMAN
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Beta Globulin ◽  
Unidentified Component ◽  
Human Plasminogen

Abstract Human plasminogen and plasmin preparations have been analyzed and compared for their antigenic properties. For the evaluation of such preparations, antisera to Kline plasminogen, prepared in rabbits, were used. Kline plasminogen revealed the presence of three distinct components. One of these was identical to gamma globulin of serum by both chemical and immunological criteria while the other two were in the beta-globulin mobility category. One of these latter could be identified with the proenzyme, plasminogen, itself; the other remained an unidentified component which could not be related to the proenzyme. Plasmin showed a similar pattern except for the absence of the gamma-globulin constituent. The two components of plasmin were antigenically identical to the corresponding components of plasminogen.

scholarly journals Antigenic analysis of feline and bovine Chlamydia psittaci with monoclonal antibodies.

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi MATSUNO ◽  
Hideto FUKUSHI ◽  
Tsuyoshi YAMAGUCHI ◽  
Katsuya HIRAI
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Antigenic Analysis

Serum modulation ofin vitro cellular immune reactivity to Epstein-Barr virus-associated antigen

1976 ◽  
Vol 162 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G. Holt ◽  
Peter J. Fimmel ◽  
Lynette M. Roberts ◽  
David Keast
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Cellular Immune

BLOOD TRANSFUSIONS AND CHANGES IN HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNE REACTIVITY IN RHESUS MONKEYS1

1983 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. C. BORLEFFS ◽  
P. NEUHAUS ◽  
R. L. MARQUET ◽  
H. BALNER
Keyword(s):  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Cellular Immune

Posttransplant Cellular Immune Reactivity against Donor Antigen Correlates with Clinical Islet Transplantation Outcome: Towards a Better Posttransplant Monitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2339-2350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Lacotte ◽  
Sophie Borot ◽  
Sylvie Ferrari-Lacraz ◽  
Jean Villard ◽  
Sandrine Demuylder-Mischler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Islet Transplantation ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Islet Function ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Clinical Islet Transplantation ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficiency of cell-based immune assays in the detection of alloreactivity after islet transplantation and to correlate these results with clinical outcome. Mixed lymphocyte cultures were performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from recipients ( n = 14), donors, or third party. The immune reactivity was assessed by the release of IFN-γ (ELISpot), cell proliferation (FACS analysis for Ki67), and cytokine quantification (Bioplex). Islet function correlated with the number of IFN-γ-secreting cells following incubation with donor cells ( p = 0.007, r = –0.50), but not with third party cells ( p = 0.61). Similarly, a high number of donor-specific proliferating cells was associated with a low islet function ( p = 0.006, r = −0.51). Proliferating cells were mainly CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes and CD3-CD56+ natural killer cells (with low levels of CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes). Patients with low islet function had increased levels of CD4+Ki67+cells ( p ≤ 0.0001), while no difference was observed in CD8+Ki67+ and CD56+Ki67+ cells. IFN-γ, IL-5, and IL-17 levels were increased in patients with low islet function, but IL-10 levels tended to be lower. IFN-γ-ELISpot, proliferation, and cytokines were similarly accurate in predicting clinical outcome (AUC = 0.77 ± 0.088, 0.85 ± 0.084, and 0.88 ± 0.074, respectively). Cellular immune reactivity against donor cells correlates with posttransplant islet function. The tested assays have the potential to be of substantial help in the management of islet graft recipients and deserve prospective validation.

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