β-Glucanases in the yeast Cryptococcus albidus var. aerius. Production and separation of β-glucanases in asynchronous cultures

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Notario ◽  
T. G. Villa ◽  
T. Benítez ◽  
J. R. Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Cryptococcus Albidus ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Maximal Production

β-Glucanases were detected in cell-free extracts of the yeast Cryptococcus albidus var. aerius when grown on glucose as the sole carbon source. The production of β-glucanases was followed in log-phase cells and stationary-phase cells; the maximal production of β-(1 → 3) and β-(1 → 6) glucanases takes place respectively in log-phase and stationary-phase cells. The results show that there are marked differences in the elution profiles on Sephadex G-50 of fractions containing β-glucanase from cells grown for 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The possibility either of replacement changes in fractions containing β-glucanase activity or of a different synthesis of each β-glucanase during the growth of the yeast is discussed. The results suggest that all fractions containing β-glucanases hydrolyze both β-(1 → ) and β-(1 → 6) linkages.Evidence in support of the conclusion that a low molecular form of β-glucanase has a molecular weight of 2100 ± 100 is also shown.

scholarly journals Root Mucilage from Pea and Its Utilization by Rhizosphere Bacteria as a Sole Carbon Source

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma M. Knee ◽  
Fang-Chen Gong ◽  
Mensheng Gao ◽  
Max Teplitski ◽  
Angela R. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacteria ◽  
Arabinogalactan Protein ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Root Mucilage ◽  
Cell Densities

Plant roots secrete a complex polysaccharide mucilage that may provide a significant source of carbon for microbes that colonize the rhizosphere. High molecular weight mucilage was separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography gel filtration from low molecular weight components of pea root exudate. Purified pea root mucilage generally was similar in sugar and glycosidic linkage composition to mucilage from cowpea, wheat, rice, and maize, but appeared to contain an unusually high amount of material that was similar to arabinogalactan protein. Purified pea mucilage was used as the sole carbon source for growth of several pea rhizosphere bacteria, including Rhizobium leguminosarum 8401 and 4292, Burkholderia cepacia AMMD, and Pseudomonas fluorescens PRA25. These species grew on mucilage to cell densities of three- to 25-fold higher than controls with no added carbon source, with cell densities of 1 to 15% of those obtained on an equal weight of glucose. Micromolar concentrations of nod gene-inducing flavonoids specifically stimulated mucilage-dependent growth of R. leguminosarum 8401 to levels almost equaling the glucose controls. R. leguminosarum 8401 was able to hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl glycosides of various sugars and partially utilize a number of purified plant polysaccharides as sole carbon sources, indicating that R. leguminosarum 8401 can make an unexpected variety of carbohydrases, in accordance with its ability to extensively utilize pea root mucilage.

Gordonia (nocardia) amarae foaming due to biosurfactant production

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Pagilla ◽  
A. Sood ◽  
H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Biosurfactant Production

Gordonia amarae, a filamentous actinomycete, commonly found in foaming activated sludge wastewater treatment plants was investigated for its biosurfactant production capability. Soluble acetate and sparingly soluble hexadecane were used as carbon sources for G. amarae growth and biosurfactant production in laboratory scale batch reactors. The lowest surface tension (critical micelle concentration, CMC) of the cell-free culture broth was 55 dynes/cm when 1,900 mg/L acetate was used as the sole carbon source. The lowest surface tension was less than 40 dynes/cm when either 1% (v/v) hexadecane or a mixture of 1% (v/v) hexadecane and 0.5% (w/v) acetate was used as the carbon source. The maximum biomass concentration (the stationary phase) was achieved after 4 days when acetate was used along with hexadecane, whereas it took about 8 days to achieve the stationary phase with hexadecane alone. The maximum biosurfactant production was 3 × CMC with hexadecane as the sole carbon source, and it was 5 × CMC with the mixture of hexadecane and acetate. Longer term growth studies (∼ 35 days of culture growth) indicated that G. amarae produces biosurfactant in order to solubilize hexadecane, and that adding acetate improves its biosurfactant production by providing readily degradable substrate for initial biomass growth. This research confirms that the foaming problems in activated sludge containing G. amarae in the activated sludge are due to the biosurfactant production by G. amarae when hydrophobic substrates such as hexadecane are present.

The effect of volatile fatty acids as a sole carbon source on lipid accumulation by Cryptococcus albidus for biodiesel production

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 2695-2701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Fei ◽  
Ho Nam Chang ◽  
Longan Shang ◽  
Jin-dal-rae Choi ◽  
NagJong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cryptococcus Albidus

β-Xylosidases in the yeast Cryptococcus albidus var. aerius

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Notario ◽  
T. G. Villa ◽  
J. R. Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Periplasmic Space ◽  
Cryptococcus Albidus ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Mild Acid ◽  
Xylosidase Activity

β-Xylosidase activity has been detected in cell-free extracts and in culture fluids when Cryptococcus albidus var. aerius was grown on glucose as the sole carbon source. The enzyme appears to be constitutive. Mild acid treatment of whole cells suggested that the total activity is located in the periplasmic space and some experiments indicated that it is partially associated with the cell walls. DEAE-Sephadex A50 chromatography has shown that there are two different forms of β-xylosidase in the cell-free extracts, but only one form is present in the supernatants of culture.

scholarly journals Bioconversion of biphenyl to a polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer by Alcaligenes denitrificans A41

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taito Yajima ◽  
Mizuki Nagatomo ◽  
Aiko Wakabayashi ◽  
Michio Sato ◽  
Seiichi Taguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Copolymer Poly

Abstract A polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)], was biosynthesized from biphenyl as the sole carbon source using Alcaligenes (currently Achromobacter) denitrificans A41. This strain is capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and biphenyl. This proof-of-concept of the conversion of aromatic chemicals such as the environmental pollutant PCBs/biphenyl to eco-friendly products such as biodegradable polyester PHA was inspired by the uncovering of two genes encoding PHA synthases in the A. denitrificans A41 genome. When the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was set at 21, the cellular P(3HB-co-3HV) content in strain A41 reached its highest value of 10.1% of the cell dry weight (CDW). A two-step cultivation protocol improved the accumulation of P(3HB-co-3HV) by up to 26.2% of the CDW, consisting of 13.0 mol% 3HV when grown on minimum salt medium without nitrogen sources. The highest cellular content of P(3HB-co-3HV) (47.6% of the CDW) was obtained through the two-step cultivation of strain A41 on biphenyl as the sole carbon source. The purified copolymer had ultra-high molecular weight (weight-average molecular weight of 3.5 × 106), as revealed through gel-permeation chromatography. Based on the genomic information related to both polymer synthesis and biphenyl degradation, we finally proposed a metabolic pathway for the production of P(3HB-co-3HV) associated with the degradation of biphenyl by strain A41.

scholarly journals Bioconversion of Biphenyl to A Polyhydroxyalkanoate Copolymer by Alcaligenes Denitrificans A41

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taito Yajima ◽  
Mizuki Nagatomo ◽  
Aiko Wakabayashi ◽  
Michio Sato ◽  
Seiichi Taguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Biphenyl Degradation ◽  
Copolymer Poly

Abstract A polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)], was biosynthesized from biphenyl as the sole carbon source using Alcaligenes (currently Achromobacter) denitrificans A41. This strain is capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and biphenyl. This proof-of-concept of the conversion of aromatic chemicals such as the environmental pollutant PCBs/biphenyl to eco-friendly products such as biodegradable polyester PHA was inspired by the uncovering of two genes encoding PHA synthases in the A. denitrificans A41 genome. When the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio was set at 21, the cellular P(3HB-co-3HV) content in strain A41 reached its highest value of 10.1%. A two-step cultivation protocol improved the accumulation of P(3HB-co-3HV) by up to 26.2% of the dry cell weight, consisting of 13.0 mol% 3HV when grown on minimum salt medium without nitrogen sources. The highest cellular content (47.6%) was obtained through the two-step cultivation of strain A41 on biphenyl as the sole carbon source. The purified copolymer had ultra-high molecular weight (weight-average molecular weight of 3.5 × 106), as revealed through gel-permeation chromatography. Based on the genomic information related to both polymer synthesis and biphenyl degradation, we finally proposed a metabolic pathway for the production of P(3HB-co-3HV) associated with the degradation of biphenyl by strain A41. This is, as it were, a metabolic link between PHA synthesis and biphenyl degradation.

scholarly journals Role of Sinorhizobium meliloti and Escherichia coli Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase FadD in Long-Term Survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Ángel de la Cruz Pech-Canul ◽  
Geovanny Rivera-Hernández ◽  
Joaquina Nogales ◽  
Otto Geiger ◽  
María J. Soto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Chain

FadD is an acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase specific for long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). Strains mutated in fadD cannot produce acyl-CoA and thus cannot grow on exogenous LCFA as the sole carbon source. Mutants in the fadD (smc02162) of Sinorhizobium meliloti are unable to grow on oleate as the sole carbon source and present an increased surface motility and accumulation of free fatty acids at the entry of the stationary phase of growth. In this study, we found that constitutive expression of the closest FadD homologues of S. meliloti, encoded by sma0150 and smb20650, could not revert any of the mutant phenotypes. In contrast, the expression of Escherichia coli fadD could restore the same functions as S. meliloti fadD. Previously, we demonstrated that FadD is required for the degradation of endogenous fatty acids released from membrane lipids. Here, we show that absence of a functional fadD provokes a significant loss of viability in cultures of E. coli and of S. meliloti in the stationary phase, demonstrating a crucial role of fatty acid degradation in survival capacity.

Production of a Peptidoglycolipid Bioemulsifier by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Grown on Hydrocarbon

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew O. Ilori ◽  
Dan-Israel Amund
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Emulsifying Activity ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Ph Range

A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a polluted soil was found to produce an extracellular bioemulsifier when cultivated on hexadecane as sole carbon source. The emulsifier was precipitated with acetone and redissolved in sterile water. Dodecane, crude oil and kerosene were found to be good substrates for emulsification by the bioemulsifier. Growth and bioemulsifier production reached the optimal levels on the fourth and fifth day, respectively. Emulsifying activity was observed over a pH range of 3.5 to 10.0 with a maximum at pH 7.0. The activity of the bioemulsifier was heat stable up to 70 °C while about 50 percent of its activity was retained at 100 °C. The components of the bioemulsifier were determined, it was found to contain carbohydrate, protein and lipid. The protein complex was precipitated with ammonium sulphate and fractionated on a Sephadex G-100. Gel electrophoresis of the bioemulsifier showed a single band whose molecular weight was estimated as 14,322 Da. The bioemulsifier was classified as a peptidoglycolipid. Certain strains of P. aeruginosa produce peptidoglycolipid in place of rhamnolipid

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

scholarly journals Pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas sp. expresses New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 and consumes ampicillin as sole carbon source

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Ranjan ◽  
Shriparna Mukherjee ◽  
Subarna Thakur ◽  
Krutika Gupta ◽  
Ranadhir Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp
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