Differentiation of Arthrobacter soil isolates and named strains from other bacteria by reactions on dye-containing media

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hagedorn ◽  
John G. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Selective Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Dye Absorption ◽  
The Common

Twenty-five gram-negative and 62 gram-positive bacterial cultures, of which 37 were arthrobacters, were tested, using a multipoint inoculation device, for responses on varying concentrations of 35 dyes. Both selective (growth vs. no growth) and differential (dye absorption) responses were obtained. It was possible to differentiate the arthrobacters from the other gram-positive bacteria tested as well as to distinguish separately each Arthrobacter -named strain. The results indicated that dyes have a greater potential for use in selective and differential media than has been presently realized; and the possibility of using dye-reactions as features in taxonomic schemes to differentiate rapidly many of the common genera of soil bacteria is discussed.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of DW-224a, a New Fluoronaphthyridone

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 2261-2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Soo Park ◽  
Hyun-Joo Kim ◽  
Min-Jung Seol ◽  
Dong-Rack Choi ◽  
Eung-Chil Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

ABSTRACT DW-224a showed the most potent in vitro activity among the quinolone compounds tested against clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria. Against gram-negative bacteria, DW-224a was slightly less active than the other fluoroquinolones. The in vivo activities of DW-224a against gram-positive bacteria were more potent than those of other quinolones.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA ON MEDIA CONTAINING VARIOUS ANILIN DYES

1914 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Krumwiede ◽  
Josephine S. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Gentian Violet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Specific Difference ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
The Common ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Gentian violet and allied anilin dyes have a similar influence on bacterial growth, dividing bacteria into two groups corresponding in general to their reaction to the Gram stain. Among Gram-negative bacteria a strain is occasionally encountered which will not grow on violet agar, differentiating it from other members of the same species or variety. The reaction is quantitative, although the quantitative character is more marked with some species than with others. The streptococcus-pneumococcus group differ from other Gram-positive bacteria in their ability to grow in the presence of amounts of dye sufficient to inhibit the other species. The dysentery bacillus group shows marked variation in the presence of dyes. In the case of fuchsin the variation approaches closely a specific difference between the dysentery and paradysentery groups. The variations of the latter groups with other dyes show no correlation with the common differential characteristics. A closer study might reveal variations in other characteristics which would parallel the different reactions to dyes. Decolorization with sodium sulphite robs the dyes of some of their inhibitive powers.

scholarly journals Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern of Post-Operative Wound Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Western Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulochana Khatiwada ◽  
Susma Acharya ◽  
Rajesh Poudel ◽  
Shristi Raut ◽  
Rita Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
The Common ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity

Abstract Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) is one of the most common postoperative complications and cause significant postoperative morbidity, mortality, prolong hospital stay and increase in hospital cost. The condition is serious in developing countries like Nepal owing to irrational prescriptions of antimicrobial agent. SSIs in those countries rates from 2.5% to 41.9%. This study was performed to find the common organisms causing surgical site infections and their antibiotics sensitivity pattern in a tertiary care hospital, western Nepal.Materials and methods: Pus or swab samples collected from suspected post- operative wound infections and submitted for culture and sensitivity in the Department of Microbiology were included in this study. Isolation and identification of the organisms was done as recommended by American society of microbiology (ASM). Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guideline.Results: Out of 152 pus and swab samples processed for culture, (64.5%) showed culture positivity. In total isolates (65.7%) were Gram negative bacteria and (34.3%) Gram positive bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (23.9%) was the predominant Gram positive isolate and Escherichia coli (18%) was the major Gram negative isolate. S. aureus showed (100%) sensitivity towards Linezolid and (94.4%) towards Vancomycin. Among commonly used antibiotics for Gram positive bacteria Penicillin (94.4%), Erythromycin (80.5%) were highly resistant. Sixty percent of Staphylococcus aureus isolated showed methicillin resistant (MRSA). Gram negative bacteria showed (100%) sensitivity towards the Colistin sulphate and Polymyxin B and were highly resistant towards Ampicillin (98.2%), Cefexime (87.3%), Ceftriaxone (87.3%) and other commonly used antibiotics. Overall multi-drug resistance was found in (89.5%) isolates. Among Gram negative bacterial isolates (23.1%) were MBL producer and (21.7%) were ESBL producer.Conclusion: Culture positivity in suspected case of SSIs was high (65.1%). Staphylococcus aureus was the common causative agent of SSIs. Bacteria showed more than 50% resistance towards commonly used antibiotics. So for the selection of appropriate antibiotic for better treatment of patients, culture and sensitivity should be done in every suspected case of SSIs.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PURIFIED ENZYMES ON VIRUSES AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm H. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Other Hand

Evidence is presented that some viruses behave like proteins in that they are inactivated by proteolytic enzymes, whereas others prove more or less resistant. Ten strains of living Gram-negative bacteria resisted the action of purified trypsin and chymotrypsin, while the killed organisms were rapidly digested. Gram-positive bacteria, on the other hand, were resistant whether living or dead. The findings are discussed.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL GROUPS OF SOIL BACTERIA FROM THE ROOTS OF BARLEY AND OATS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DeL. King ◽  
R. H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Percentage Incidence

Morphological and physiological characteristics were studied of more than 2400 stock-cultures of bacteria isolated from rhizosphere soils of barley and oats, and from control soils. Gram-positive rods were proportionately more numerous in control soils than in rhizosphere soils; this difference was greater with oats than with barley. The proportion of Gram-negative rods was greater in rhizosphere soils than in controls but not more so for one crop than the other. Gram-positive rods replaced a significant portion of Gram-negative rods in soils of the mature barley plants. The only significant increase in percentage incidence of physiological groups in rhizosphere soils was in regard to nitrate-reducing bacteria of the young oats plants. On the other hand there were significantly smaller percentages for starch-hydrolyzing bacteria and gelatin liquefiers in oats rhizospheres than in the controls. There were not any significant differences between rhizospheres and controls with regard to physiological groups from the barley plants. It is concluded that the proportional incidences of some physiological groups of soil bacteria are not greatly increased, but in some instances are decreased, by the presence of barley or oat roots growing in Chicot sandy loam.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CARVACROL AGAINST SHRIMP PATHOGENS AND ITS USE AS FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. e645
Author(s):  
Jaqueline da Rosa COELHO ◽  
Karolina Victória ROSA ◽  
Jamilly Sousa ROCHA ◽  
Norha Constanza Bolívar RAMÍREZ ◽  
Marcelo MARASCHIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Vitro Effect

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of carvacrol on different microorganisms of importance in shrimp farming, as well as its in vivo effect on zootechnical, immunological and microbiological performance, as well as resistance, of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In particular, the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol was evaluated in vitro by analysis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and by agar diffusion disc with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The in vivo experiment was conducted using different concentrations of carvacrol (1, 3, 4 and 6 mg mL-1) added to shrimp feed, together with a control diet without carvacrol. After four weeks, zootechnical, immunological and microbiological parameters, as well as resistance, of animals challenged with V. parahaemolyticus were evaluated. The MIC of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi was 0.078 mg mL-1, while for the other bacteria, it was 0.156 mg mL-1 of carvacrol. The greatest halos of inhibition were observed in V. parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi with significant differences demonstrated for the other microorganisms, except Escherichia coli. The in vivo results showed no significant differences among treatments. In conclusion, the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol was confirmed with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and it is suggested that its antimicrobial potential is more effective against Vibrio spp. However, the concentrations of carvacrol used in vivo did not affect the parameters evaluated.

scholarly journals The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on gram positive and negative bacteria

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Intesar Hussien Ali
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

The antibacterial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract was evaluated by in vitrostudy testing the growth of various Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria.The bactericidal activity of this extract was analyzed by serial dilution in tubes.This study, found that Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive bacteria susceptible tovery low garlic concentrations. On the other hand, Gram-Negative bacteria weremore susceptible than Gram-Positive bacteria, the minimal bactericidalconcentration of Gram-Negative bacteria was 2 mg ml-1 but minimal bactericidalconcentration of Gram-Positive bacteria was 4 mg ml- that means doubleinhibition concentration of Gram-negative bacteria. This study suggest that garlichave inhibition effect about Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria and garlicwas natural material found in Iraq and world wide with little side effect.

scholarly journals Distribution of mef(A) in Gram-Positive Bacteria from Healthy Portuguese Children

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 2513-2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki A. Luna ◽  
Marc Heiken ◽  
Kathleen Judge ◽  
Catherine Ulep ◽  
Nicole Van Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Streptococcus Intermedius ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Junii ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT We screened 615 gram-positive isolates from 150 healthy children for the presence of the erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), and mef(A) genes. The mef(A) genes were found in 20 (9%) of the macrolide-resistant isolates, including Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. Sixteen of the 19 gram-positive isolates tested carried the other seven open reading frames (ORFs) described in Tn1207.1, a genetic element carrying mef(A) recently described in Streptococcus pneumoniae. The three Staphylococcus spp. did not carry orf1 to orf3. A gram-negative Acinetobacter junii isolate also carried the other seven ORFs described in Tn1207.1. A Staphylococcus aureus isolate, a Streptococcus intermedius isolate, a Streptococcus sp. isolate, and an Enterococcus sp. isolate had their mef(A) genes completely sequenced and showed 100% identity at the DNA and amino acid levels with the mef(A) gene from S. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals Phytochemical characterization, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from leaves of the common sage Salvia officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atef El Jery ◽  
Mudassir Hasan ◽  
Md Mamoon Rashid ◽  
Mohammed Khaloofah Al Mesfer ◽  
Mohd Danish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
The Common

AbstractBackgroundThe composition and activities of essential oil of common sage from Saudi Arabia have not yet been reported.ObjectivesTo analyze the composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oil from leaves of the common sage Salvia officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia.MethodsEssential oil was extracted from the leaves of S. officinalis by hydrodistillation, and its composition was analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Phenolics and flavonoids were determined using gallic acid and quercetin standards. Antioxidant activity was determined using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. Activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was determined by disk diffusion and microdilution.ResultsThe yield of essential oil was 3.24 ± 0.55% (w/dry weight). Major compounds identified were camphor (20.3%), 1,8-cineole (15.0%), α-thujone (14.9%), viridiflorol (9.9%), carvone (6.2%), and β-thujone (5.7%). Phenolic content was 134.3 ± 17.61 μg/mL and flavonoid content was 119.5 ± 18.75 μg/mL. Antioxidant IC50 was 970 ± 5.5 μg/mL. The highest gram-positive antibacterial activity was for Bacillus subtilis and the highest gram-negative activity was for Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 62.2 ± 3.9 to 1398.1 ± 50.7 μg/mL for gram-positive bacteria and from 323.4 ± 69.5 to 968.4 ± 120.6 μg/mL for gram-negative bacteria. Minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 120.3 ± 7.6 to 1387.4 ± 161.8 μg/mL for gram-positive bacteria and from 386 ± 8.3 to 1225.2 ± 100.9 μg/mL for gram-negative bacteria.ConclusionsEssential oil of S. officinalis L. from Abha, Saudi Arabia, showed compositional, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties generally consistent with essential oil of S. officinalis L. from other locations as reported in the literature.

scholarly journals High Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance among Bacteria Causing Pyogenic Wound Infections at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basista Prasad Rijal ◽  
Deepa Satyal ◽  
Narayan Prasad Parajuli
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
The Common

Pyogenic wound infections are one of the most common clinical entities caused and aggravated by the invasion of pathogenic organisms. Prompt and aggressive antimicrobial therapy is needed to reduce the burden and complications associated with these infections. In this study, we intended to investigate the common pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from the pyogenic wound infections at a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. A laboratory based cross-sectional study was carried out among the pyogenic clinical specimens of the patients visiting Manmohan Memorial Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Processing of clinical specimens and isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens were carried out using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistant profiles were determined by following the standard guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). About 65% of the clinical specimens were positive for the bacterial growth and Gram positive bacteria (57.4%) were the leading pathogens among pyogenic wound infections.Staphylococcus aureus(412, 49.28%),Escherichia coli(136, 16.27%),Klebsiellaspp. (88, 10.53%), andPseudomonasspp. (44, 5.26%) were the common pathogens isolated. High level of drug resistance was observed among both Gram positive bacteria (51.9%) and Gram negative bacteria (48.7%). Gram positive isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, and cloxacillin. Gram negative isolates were resistant to cephalosporins but were well susceptible to amikacin and imipenem. Pyogenic wound infections are common in our hospital and majority of them were associated with multidrug resistant bacteria. The detailed workup of the prevalent pathogens present in infected wounds and their resistance pattern is clearly pertinent to choosing the adequate treatment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document