Deep-sea bacteria: growth and utilization of n-hexadecane at in situ temperature and pressure

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Schwarz ◽  
J. D. Walker ◽  
R. R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Core Sample ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Deep Sea Bacteria ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

A mixed culture of bacteria was obtained from the sediment-water interface of a core sample taken off the coast of Florida at a depth of 4940 m. The mixed culture was found capable of utilizing n-hexadecane as a sole carbon source for growth at the in situ temperature (4C) and pressure (500 atm). The rate of utilization under deep-ocean conditions was found to be much slower than the rate observed at ambient pressure (1 atm) and low temperature (4C).

scholarly journals Deep-Sea Bacteria: Growth and Utilization of Hydrocarbons at Ambient and In Situ Pressure

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Schwarz ◽  
J. D. Walker ◽  
R. R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Deep Sea Bacteria

scholarly journals Deep-Sea Bacteria: Growth and Utilization of Hydrocarbons at Ambient and In Situ Pressure

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 982-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Schwarz ◽  
J. D. Walker ◽  
R. R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Deep Sea Bacteria

Engineering Properties of Carbonate Marine Sediments

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst G. Brandes
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Frictional Strength

Geotechnical properties of deep-sea sediments are examined in terms of their plasticity, compressibility and frictional strength characteristics, especially in terms of the relative abundance of carbonate and clay fractions. The effect of carbonate content in excess of 40% is to reduce Atterberg limits and compressibility, and to increase peak friction angles, compared to sediments from the deep ocean that have lower carbonate amounts. The presence of carbonate also tends to reduce flocculation and in situ water content.

In situ morphologies of deep-sea and sediment bacteria

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1667-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Carlucci ◽  
Susan L. Shimp ◽  
Peter A. Jumars ◽  
Hans W. Paerl
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Deep Sea Bacteria ◽  
Underwater Manipulator ◽  
Sediment Bacteria ◽  
Scanning Electron

Deep-sea and sediment bacteria at the bottom of an approximately 1200-m water column were sampled by means of pressure vessels attached to a remote underwater manipulator. Cells were immediately fixed in situ with glutaraldehyde, and after processing in the laboratory their morphologies were observed with the scanning electron microscope. Most bacteria were coccoid or rod-lide and less than 0.4 μm in diameter or width. Few filamentous bacteria were observed. Bacteria were in aggregates or free-living. It is concluded that morphologies of deep-sea bacteria collected and fixed at the hydrostatic pressure of their environment are, in general, similar to the observed morphologies of deep-sea bacteria determined at 1 atm pressure after collection and decompression during ascent through the water column.

scholarly journals Seafloor incubation experiment with deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluid reveals effect of pressure and lag time on autotrophic microbial communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Fortunato ◽  
David A. Butterfield ◽  
Benjamin Larson ◽  
Noah Lawrence-Slavas ◽  
Christopher K. Algar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Stable Isotope Probing ◽  
Sample Processing

Depressurization and sample processing delays may impact the outcome of shipboard microbial incubations of samples collected from the deep sea. To address this knowledge gap, we developed an ROV-powered incubator instrument to carry out and compare results from in situ and shipboard RNA Stable Isotope Probing (RNA-SIP) experiments to identify the key chemolithoautotrophic microbes and metabolisms in diffuse, low-temperature venting fluids from Axial Seamount. All the incubations showed microbial uptake of labeled bicarbonate primarily by thermophilic autotrophic Epsilonbacteraeota that oxidized hydrogen coupled with nitrate reduction. However, the in situ seafloor incubations showed higher abundances of transcripts annotated for aerobic processes suggesting that oxygen was lost from the hydrothermal fluid samples prior to shipboard analysis. Furthermore, transcripts for thermal stress proteins such as heat shock chaperones and proteases were significantly more abundant in the shipboard incubations suggesting that depressurization induced thermal stress in the metabolically active microbes in these incubations. Together, results indicate that while the autotrophic microbial communities in the shipboard and seafloor experiments behaved similarly, there were distinct differences that provide new insight into the activities of natural microbial assemblages under near-native conditions in the ocean. Importance: Diverse microbial communities drive biogeochemical cycles in Earth’s ocean, yet studying these organisms and processes is often limited by technological capabilities, especially in the deep ocean. In this study, we used a novel marine microbial incubator instrument capable of in situ experimentation to investigate microbial primary producers at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. We carried out identical stable isotope probing experiments coupled to RNA sequencing both on the seafloor and on the ship to examine thermophilic, microbial autotrophs in venting fluids from an active submarine volcano. Our results indicate that microbial communities were significantly impacted by the effects of depressurization and sample processing delay, with shipboard microbial communities more stressed compared to seafloor incubations. Differences in metabolism were also apparent and are likely linked to the chemistry of the fluid at the beginning of the experiment. Microbial experimentation in the natural habitat provides new insights into understanding microbial activities in the ocean.

scholarly journals A System for Retrieval and Incubation of Benthic Sediment Cores at In Situ Ambient Pressure and under Controlled or Manipulated Environmental Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Jackson ◽  
Ursula Witte ◽  
Stewart Chalmers ◽  
Erik Anders ◽  
John Parkes
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
The Core ◽  
In Situ Experiments

AbstractThe investigation of benthic biodiversity and biogeochemical processes in the deep sea is complicated by the need to conduct experiments at in situ pressures. Recovery of sediment samples to the surface without maintaining full-depth ambient pressure may damage the organisms that are of interest or cause physiological changes that could influence the processes being studied. It is possible to carry out in situ experiments using remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) or lander systems. However, the costs and complexity of ROV operations are significant and, for both ROVs and landers, the complexity and repeatability of the experiments are subject to the limitations imposed by these platforms. A system is described—the Multi-Autoclave Corer Experiment (MAC-EXP)—that has been developed with the aim of offering a new experimental approach to investigators. The MAC-EXP system is designed to retrieve sediment cores from depths down to 3500 m and to seal them into pressure chambers before being recovered so that they are maintained at their normal ambient pressure. After recovery the core chambers can be connected to a laboratory incubation system that allows for experimentation on the sediment without loss of pressure and under controlled conditions of temperature and oxygen concentration. The system is relatively low cost when compared to ROV systems and can be deployed using methods and equipment similar to those used for routine deployments of small unpressurized multicorers. The results of sea trials are detailed.

scholarly journals Characterization of the first cultured free-living representative of Candidatus Izimaplasma uncovers its unique biology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikuan Zheng ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Yeqi Shan ◽  
Ruining Cai ◽  
Ge Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Living Wall ◽  
First Time

AbstractCandidatus Izimaplasma, an intermediate in the reductive evolution from Firmicutes to Mollicutes, was proposed to represent a novel class of free-living wall-less bacteria within the phylum Tenericutes found in deep-sea methane seeps. Unfortunately, the paucity of marine isolates currently available has limited further insights into their physiological and metabolic features as well as ecological roles. Here, we present a detailed description of the phenotypic traits, genomic data and central metabolisms tested in both laboratorial and deep-sea environments of the novel strain zrk13, which allows for the first time the reconstruction of the metabolic potential and lifestyle of a member of the tentatively defined Candidatus Izimaplasma. On the basis of the description of strain zrk13, the novel species and genus Xianfuyuplasma coldseepsis is proposed. Notably, DNA degradation driven by X. coldseepsis zrk13 was detected in both laboratorial and in situ conditions, strongly indicating it is indeed a key DNA degrader. Moreover, the putative genes determining degradation broadly distribute in the genomes of other Izimaplasma members. Given extracellular DNA is a particularly crucial phosphorus as well as nitrogen and carbon source for microorganisms in the seafloor, Izimaplasma bacteria are thought to be important contributors to the biogeochemical cycling in the deep ocean.

scholarly journals Assessing microbial processes in deep-sea hydrothermal systems by incubation at in situ temperature and pressure

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse McNichol ◽  
Sean P. Sylva ◽  
François Thomas ◽  
Craig D. Taylor ◽  
Stefan M. Sievert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Microbial Processes ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

scholarly journals Simultaneous Direct Counting of Total and Specific Microbial Cells in Seawater, Using a Deep-Sea Microbe as Target

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2211-2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Maruyama ◽  
Michinari Sunamura
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Direct Counting ◽  
Direct Immobilization

ABSTRACT To rapidly and accurately enumerate total and specific microbes in aquatic samples, fluorescent in situ hybridization was combined with direct counting via direct immobilization of cells on a polymer-coated Nuclepore filter. The technique, named FISH-DC, achieved almost complete recovery of total cells and reproducibility ofPsychrobacter pacificensis cells of deep-sea origin (error, ≤3%) in a mixed culture and in natural seawater. Target cells immobilized on the filter were also successfully enumerated after stringent 3-cycle hybridization and even after a 16-month preservation at −30°C.

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