Effet du régime alimentaire sur l'équilibre entre 14 souches microbiennes ensemencées dans le tube digestif de souris axéniques adultes et sur l'établissement de ces souches chez leurs descendants entre la naissance et le sevrage

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1331-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chopin ◽  
R. Ducluzeau ◽  
P. Raibaud
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Régime Alimentaire ◽  
Tube Digestif ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Semisynthetic Diet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic ◽  
Kinetics Of

Ten strictly anaerobic bacterial strains belonging to the genera Inflabilis (I), Zymobacterium (Z), Acuformis (A), Streptococcus (S1, S2), Ristella (R), Clostridium (C), Eubacterium (E), Pasteurella (P), and Veillonella (V); three facultatively anaerobic strains belonging to the genera Actinobacillus (Ac), Lactobacillus (L), and Staphylococcus (St); and one yeast strain of the genus Torulopsis (T) were inoculated into adult male and female axenic mice fed either a commercial diet A or a semisynthetic diet B.Three strains (I, Z, St) did not establish in any "gnotoxenic" animals. One strain established only in animals fed diet B (S2). The average number of each of the other 10 strains is 10 to 100 times less in animals receiving diet B than in those given diet A. The microflora of the stomach and the small intestine is more variable and less abundant in mice fed diet B than in those receiving diet A. For strains A and C there is a net decrease in colon populations as related to those of the caecum or the feces, especially in mice receiving diet B.In the digestive tract of young "gnotoxenic" mice sacrificed before weaning, the facultatively anaerobic microflora is always established before the strictly anaerobic flora but does not change the establishment of the latter. Finally, the diet of the mother affects appreciably the establishment kinetics of strains L, St, and T in the young mice.

Items’ Cross-Category Associations as a Confounding Factor in the Implicit Association Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Inga Plewe
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Association Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reaction Time Difference ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Degree Of Association

Abstract. The introduction of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) has stimulated numerous research activities. The IAT is supposed to measure the degree of association between concepts. Instances have to be assigned to these concepts by pressing appropriate keys as quickly as possible. The reaction time difference between certain conditions, termed the IAT effect, is used as an indicator of the degree of the concepts’ association. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of association between one concept (or category) and the instances of the other presented concept also influences reaction times. In our experiment, the instances in the target categories, male and female names, were kept constant. The adjectives in the evaluative categories were manipulated: Either the pleasant adjectives were female-associated and the unpleasant adjectives were male-associated, or vice versa. These stereotypic associations were indeed found to exert a substantial influence on the size of the IAT effect. This finding casts doubt on the assumption that the IAT effect may be interpreted as a pure measure of the degree of association between concepts.

LANGUAGE USE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE HOST IN HITAM PUTIH TALK SHOW

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurmaliana Sari ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Busmin Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Domestic Activities ◽  
Female Host ◽  
Negative Connotation ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study discusses about language use occurred by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study are male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The data are the utterances produced by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. This research focuses on the show broadcasted on October 2016 by taking 4 videos randomly. The objective of this study is to describe kinds of the language use uttered by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The findings showed that the kinds of language use consist of 6 parts. The dominant language use uttered by male host is expletive, because male’s utterances are frequently stated in a negative connotation. On the other hand, female host utterances are found in specialized vocabulary as the most dominant because female host has more interest in talking family affairs, such as the education of children, clothes, cooking, and fashion, etc. Women also tended to talk about one thing related to the home and domestic activities. However, the representation of language use uttered by male and female are deficit, dominance and different. Keywords: Language Use, Gender, Talk Show

The Reactivity of Different Active Forms of Sodium Carbonate with Respect to Sulfur Dioxide

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2302-2308
Author(s):  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Erich Lippert ◽  
Emerich Erdös
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Active Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of the reaction of solid sodium carbonate with sulfur dioxide depends on the microstructure of the solid, which in turn is affected by the way and conditions of its preparation. The active form, analogous to that obtained by thermal decomposition of NaHCO3, emerges from the dehydration of Na2CO3 . 10 H2O in a vacuum or its weathering in air at room temperature. The two active forms are porous and have approximately the same specific surface area. Partial hydration of the active Na2CO3 in air at room temperature followed by thermal dehydration does not bring about a significant decrease in reactivity. On the other hand, if the preparation of anhydrous Na2CO3 involves, partly or completely, the liquid phase, the reactivity of the product is substantially lower.

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOCKEYE SALMON DURING SPAWNING MIGRATION: IV. THE NON-PROTEIN NITROGENOUS CONSTITUENTS OF THE MUSCLE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Biochemical Studies

The non-protein nitrogenous constituents of muscle of migrating sockeye salmon were investigated. These constituents were found to be the same in both male and female fish and were present in approximately the same amounts in both sexes. The histidine content of the muscle in all fish decreased to one fifth of the original value during the early stages of the migratory journey and remained at the low level thereafter. Some of the other constituents changed to a smaller extent, usually increasing in the later stages of the migration. This was especially noticeable in female fish. However, the increase in the concentration of these constituents in the muscle was due to a decrease in the amount of muscle in the fish rather than to an increase in the amounts of the compounds themselves.

On the kinetics of Hadamard-type fractional differential systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ma
Keyword(s):  
Differential Operator ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Type Inequality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Differential Systems ◽  
Fractional Differential Systems ◽  
Fractional Differential Operator ◽  
Fractional Differential ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Theoretical Results

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the investigation of the kinetics of Hadamard-type fractional differential systems (HTFDSs) in two aspects. On one hand, the nonexistence of non-trivial periodic solutions for general HTFDSs, which are considered in some functional spaces, is proved and the corresponding eigenfunction of Hadamard-type fractional differential operator is also discussed. On the other hand, by the generalized Gronwall-type inequality, we estimate the bound of the Lyapunov exponents for HTFDSs. In addition, numerical simulations are addressed to verify the obtained theoretical results.

The five‐factor personality model in applied settings

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Montag ◽  
Joseph Levin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

Two studies of the Revised NEO‐Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) conducted on two different applicant samples (one consisting of 539 female subjects and the other consisting of 396 male subjects) are reported. Factor analysis of the female sample yielded a five‐factor solution, highly congruent with the factors presented by Costa, McCrae and Dye (1991). Results of the male data were less clear‐cut, yielding four to five factors which were moderately congruent with the American data. The combined male and female sample showed again high congruence coefficients. Various minor deviations in the location of the facet variables are discussed.

Toward Understanding the Contributions of Sex and Situation to Behavior in a College Setting

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-883
Author(s):  
Nancy Lipsitt ◽  
Rose R. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
College Setting ◽  
Female Subjects

The relative contribution of sex and situation has become a contested issue in the understanding of sex differences in behavior. In the present study, 20 male and 20 female undergraduates were asked to describe their behavior and thoughts in six everyday college situations. Three of the situations were constructed to be typically male and three typically female in content. The results indicate that men and women demonstrate sex-specific characteristics in their responses regardless of the type of situation presented. Men exhibited concern with separateness from others, while women exhibited concern with sustaining connection to others, even when faced with situations described to present demand properties that might be expected specifically to elicit the concern characteristic of the other sex. However, for these students the situation also made a difference: female-defined situations elicited the most masculine responses for both male and female subjects.

Social experience influences preferences in black ducks and mallards

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1434-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Brodsky ◽  
C. Davison Ankney ◽  
Darrell G. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Social Preferences ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Potential Mate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females

The influence of social experience on the preferences for a potential mate in a captive population of black ducks, Anas rubripes, and mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, was examined. Birds were reared from hatching with conspecifics (i.e., female black ducks with male black ducks, female mallards with male mallards), or were cross-fostered with the other species (i.e., female black ducks with male mallards, female mallards with male black ducks). Preferences of individuals were tested in a chamber containing caged black ducks and mallards of the opposite sex. In over 90% (100/109) of the trials, males and females preferred the species that they were raised with since hatching, whether they were of the same species or not. These results demonstrate that social experience influences the social preferences of male and female black ducks and mallards.

The Perceived Legitimacy of Rule Violating Behavior in Sport

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Polynomial Regressions

Some sport scientists have suggested that various rule violating behaviors (including aggressive player behavior) are normative behaviors perceived to be “legitimate violations” by participants (e.g., Silva, 1981; Vaz, 1979). In an attempt to determine if sport socialization influences the degree of perceived legitimacy of rule violating sport behavior, 203 male and female athletes and nonathletes were shown a series of eight slides. Seven of these slides clearly depicted rule violating behavior. The subjects rated the unacceptability-acceptability of the behavior shown on each slide on a scale of 1 to 4 (totally unacceptable-totally acceptable). Subjects were categorized according to: (a) gender, (b) amount of physical contact, (c) highest level of organized sport participation, and (d) years of participation. Regression and polynomial regressions indicated that male respondents rated rule violating behavior significantly more acceptable than females. Trend analyses on the other categorical variables indicated support for an in-sport socialization process that legitimizes rule violating behavior. This perceived legitimacy was considerably more pronounced for males than for females at all levels of analysis.

scholarly journals Variations de la structure trophique du lac-réservoir oligotrophe Bin El Ouidane (Maroc)

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Cherifi ◽  
M. Loudiki
Keyword(s):  
Ceriodaphnia Dubia ◽  
Régime Alimentaire ◽  
Tube Digestif ◽  
Tinca Tinca ◽  
Daphnia Longispina ◽  
Tractus Digestif ◽  
Diaphanosoma Brachyurum ◽  
Bin El Ouidane ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Reticulata ◽  
Spectre Alimentaire

L'étude combinée des apports par les crues, du plancton, des contenus algaux du tractus digestif des Cladocères et du régime alimentaire de quelques espèces de poissons dans le lac de barrage oligotrophe Bin El Ouidane a permis de dégager les conclusions suivantes : - les apports particulaires et dissous par les crues durant la période d'étude 1995-1997 ont une influence marquée sur la dynamique saisonnière du zooplancton via les changements dans la dynamique du peuplement phytoplanctonique ; - durant les trois années d'étude, le maximum de biomasse zooplanctonique se situe généralement juste après les pics printanier et estival du phytoplancton mettant ainsi en évidence l'importance du zooplancton herbivore dans la chaîne alimentaire pélagique du lac ; - l'étude des contenus algaux du tractus digestif des Cladocères Daphnia longispina, Daphnia lumholtzi, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Ceriodaphnia reticulata et Bosmina longirostris a montré que l'essentiel des espèces sont des filtreuses herbivores qui adoptent un comportement nutritionnel variable en fonction du temps lié à la disponibilité en phytoplancton, à leur âge et aux caractéristiques biotiques et abiotiques de l'écosystème lacustre ; - l'étude préliminaire du régime alimentaire de trois espèces de poissons Tinca tinca, Eupomotis gibbosus et Cyprinus carpio montre que leur spectre alimentaire est nettement dominé par le plancton. La fraction faunistique au niveau de leur tube digestif est représentée essentiellement par les Cladocères de grande taille et les Chironomes. Ceci met en évidence l'importance de ces poissons, à régime essentiellement planctonophage, dans la régulation des peuplements planctoniques de la retenue Bin El Ouidane.

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