Soil fungistasis: fungus spore germination in soil at spore densities corresponding to natural population levels

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Griffin ◽  
Robert H. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Test Fungus ◽  
Germ Tube Length ◽  
Fungus Spore ◽  
Soil Fungistasis ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Spore Densities

An autoradiographic spore-location technique is described that allows for the first time observation of spore germination in soil at low natural population levels (103 to 104 spores/g soil). When Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli was used as a test fungus, percentage macroconidial germination was greatest in nonsterile soil at 3 × 103 and 3 × 104 conidia/g soil, and percentage germination decreased sharply with increasing conidial density. Mean germ tube length was greater at 3 × 103 than at 3 × 104 conidia/g soil. The results indicate that inhibition of spore germination (apparent soil fungistasis) of a fungus in soil environments at conventionally used high spore densities (105 to 106 spores/g soil) may not mean that spores of the fungus will be equally inhibited in the same environments at lower natural population levels.

Effect of the triazine herbicides Goltix and Igran on germination and growth of Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium oryzae, and Verticillium agaricinum

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. A. Elwy ◽  
M. Osman ◽  
T. M. A. Abdel Rahman ◽  
I. M. K. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Liquid Cultures ◽  
Germ Tube Length ◽  
Helminthosporium Oryzae ◽  
Germination And Growth

The effect of two triazines on spore germination, radial growth, and biomass production were studied in A. fumigatus, F. oxysporum, H. oryzae, and V. agaricinum. Igran inhibited spore germination of all species to some extent and at 1000 ppm completely inhibited spore germination in A. fumigatus and F. oxysporum. Goltix inhibited germination of F. oxysporum and H. oryzae, but stimulated germination of A. fumigatus and V. agaricinum. Germ tube length was significantly decreased at high herbicide concentrations. Both derivatives reduced radial growth rate as well as mycelial growth in liquid cultures. The level of inhibition depends on the herbicide, its concentration, and the fungal species.

scholarly journals In vitro effect of substrate, temperature and photoperiod on Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospore germination and germ tube growth

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Marta Maria Casa Blum ◽  
Erlei Melo Reis ◽  
Francieli Tavares Vieira ◽  
Rita Carlini
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Germ Tube Length ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Germ Tube Growth

In vitro experiments were conducted to assess the effects of substrate, temperature and time of exposure to temperature and photoperiod on P. pachyrhizi uredospore germination and germ tube growth. The following substrates were tested: water-agar and soybean leaf extract-agar at different leaf concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g of leaves and 15g agar/L water), temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35oC) and times of exposure (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hours) to temperature and 12 different photoperiods. The highest germination and germ tube length was found for the soybean leaf extract agar. Maximum P. pachyrhizi uredospore germination was obtained at 21.8 and 22.3°C, and maximum germ tube growth at 21.4 and 22.1°C. The maximum uredospore germination was found at 6.4 hours exposure, while the maximum germ tube length was obtained at 7.7 h exposure. Regarding photoperiod, the maximum spore germination and the maximum uredospore germ tube length were found in the dark. Neither spore germination nor uredospore germ tube growth was completely inhibited by the exposure to continuous light.

scholarly journals Effect of Legume Extracts on Germination, Seedling Health of Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Soil Microorganisms

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Oliver Otieno Okumu ◽  
James Wanjohi Muthomi ◽  
John Ojiem ◽  
Rama Narla ◽  
John Huria Nderitu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Germ Tube Length ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

Application of undecomposed green manure has been reported to cause poor emergence and establishment of common beans in the field. Therefore, to understand the mechanisms’ contributing to the poor crop establishment, the effect of extracts from fresh and decomposed legume green manures on bean seed germination, fungal mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation were evaluated. The extracts were prepared in either ethanol or distilled water. Data was collected on percentage seed germination, seedling length, mycelial radial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation. Ethanol extracts from fresh lablab inhibited bean germination by 56%, increased mean germination time to 8 days, and decreased germination index while ethanol extracts of groundnut and beans caused highest inhibition in bean shoot length and reduced biomass. Ethanol extracts from fresh green manures significantly inhibited fungal mycelial growth while the aqueous extracts from beans, groundnuts and soybean had significant level of antifungal activity while aqueous lablab extracts stimulated mycelial. Aqueous extract of lablab and soybean enhanced spore germination by over 70% with more pronounced effect on germ tube length and number of germ tubes by 8.0% and 13% respectively. The study comparatively reveals that the extract of lablab was inhibitory to common bean germination compared to other legume extracts and also stimulated the growth of root rot pathogens that may have resulted in poor establishment of beans.

Interaction of Xanthomonas campestris pv. undulosa or Pseudomonas cepacia with Septoria nodorum in vitro and in vivo

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Jones ◽  
C. W. Roane
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Pseudomonas Cepacia ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Germ Tube Length ◽  
Wheat Leaf

Xanthomonas campestris pv. undulosa did not inhibit growth or spore germination of Septoria nodorum on wheat leaf extract agar, whereas Pseudomonas cepacia produced a zone of complete inhibition of spore germination up to 17.5 mm and reduced germination up to 5 cm from the bacterial front. Culture filtrates of the two bacteria grown in 'Blueboy' or 'Arthur' wheat leaf extract broth were incorporated into fresh wheat leaf extract broth. These filtrates caused a reduction in growth (dry weight) of S. nodorum compared with growth in unamended extract. Fungal mass was considerably lower in P. cepacia filtrate of 'Arthur' wheat than in the X. campestris pv. undulosa filtrate or the control. The extent of reduction by P. cepacia filtrate suggests an antibiotic effect. In phosphate buffer, X. campestris pv. undulosa reduced spore germination and germ tube length of S. nodorum, while P. cepacia inhibited germination and germ tube growth completely. In vivo, X. campestris pv. undulosa had no effect on spore germination but did reduce germ tube length whereas P. cepacia inhibited both parameters.

First-time observation of Mastro Giorgio masterpieces by means of non-destructive techniques

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Padeletti ◽  
G.M. Ingo ◽  
A. Bouquillon ◽  
S. Pages-Camagna ◽  
M. Aucouturier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Observation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

scholarly journals Glucosylceramide Plays a Role in Fungal Germination, Lipid Raft Organization and Biofilm Adhesion of the Pathogenic Fungus Scedosporium aurantiacum

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Victor Pereira Rochetti ◽  
Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro ◽  
Evely Bertulino de Oliveira ◽  
Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva Xisto ◽  
Eliana Barreto-Bergter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Germ Tube Length ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fluorescent Stain ◽  
Altered Lipid

Infections caused by Scedosporium species present a wide range of clinical manifestations, from superficial to disseminated, especially in immunocompromised patients. Glucosylceramides (GlcCer) are glycosphingolipids found on the fungal cell surface and play an important role in growth and pathogenicity processes in different fungi. The present study aimed to evaluate the structure of GlcCer and its role during growth in two S. aurantiacum isolates. Purified GlcCer from both isolates were obtained and its chemical structure identified by mass spectrometry. Using ELISA and immunofluorescence techniques it was observed that germination and NaOH-treatment of conidia favor GlcCer exposure. Monoclonal anti-GlcCer antibody reduced germination when cultivated with the inhibitor of melanin synthesis tricyclazole and also reduced germ tube length of conidia, both cultivated or not with tricyclazole. It was also demonstrated that anti-GlcCer altered lipid rafts organization, as shown by using the fluorescent stain filipin, but did not affect the susceptibility of the cell surface to damaging agents. Anti-GlcCer reduced total biomass and viability in biofilms formed on polystyrene plates. In the presence of anti-GlcCer, germinated S. aurantiacum conidia and biofilms could not adhere to polystyrene with the same efficacy as control cells. These results highlight the relevance of GlcCer in growth processes of S. aurantiacum.

scholarly journals Microfluidic-based imaging of complete C. elegans larval development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Berger ◽  
Silvan Spiri ◽  
Andrew deMello ◽  
Alex Hajnal
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Method ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Vulval Development ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Seam Cell ◽  
Time Observation ◽  
On Chip ◽  
First Time

Several microfluidic-based methods for long-term C. elegans imaging have been introduced in recent years, allowing real-time observation of previously inaccessible processes. The ex-isting methods either permit imaging across multiple larval stages without maintaining a stable worm orientation, or allow for very good immobilization but are only suitable for shorter experiments. Here, we present a novel microfluidic imaging method, which allows parallel live-imaging across multiple larval stages, while delivering excellent immobilization and maintaining worm orientation and identity over time. This is achieved by employing an array of microfluidic trap channels carefully tuned to maintain worms in a stable orienta-tion, while allowing growth and molting to occur. Immobilization is supported by an active hydraulic valve, which presses worms onto the cover glass during image acquisition, with the animals remaining free for most of an experiment. Excellent quality images can be ac-quired of multiple worms in parallel, with little impact of the imaging method on worm via-bility or developmental timing. The capabilities of this methodology are demonstrated by observing the hypodermal seam cell divisions and, for the first time, the entire process of vulval development from induction to the end of morphogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate RNAi on-chip, which allows for perturbation of dynamic developmental processes, such as basement membrane breaching during anchor cell invasion.

scholarly journals Morphology of the sporophyte and gametophyte of the swamp fern, Blechnum serrulatum (Blechnaceae, Pteridophyta)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Rolleri ◽  
C. Prada ◽  
J. M. Gabriel y Galán ◽  
L. M. Passarelli ◽  
M. M. Ciciarelli
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Blechnum Serrulatum

In the present paper, we provide a revised, comprehensive description of the sporophyte and gametophyte of the swamp fern, Blechnum serrulatum Rich., from neo- and paleotropical localities. External and internal characters of the sporophyte were analysed, including axes, laminae, pinnae, indusia and spores. Intercellular pectic connections of the parenchyma of the rhizomes are reported for the first time. In stipes, cell walls of the aerenchyma tissue contain filamentous protuberances that are composed primarily of cellulose but contain also fatty substances. The morphology of the gametophyte, from spore germination to gametangia formation, is discussed. The taxonomic significance of the characters is considered, especially in regard to the relationship between B. serrulatum and the closely related B. indicum.

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