The isolation of blue-green bacteria in pure culture

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard D. McCurdy Jr. ◽  
Walter Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Green Bacteria ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Convenient Means ◽  
Pure Cultures

Omnimixer treatment followed by surface plating of colonies from membrane filters provides a convenient means for the isolation of pure cultures of blue-green bacteria.

Effect of Enrichment Media and Sampling Protocol on Recovery of Listeria monocytogenes

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. BAILEY ◽  
D. L. FLETCHER ◽  
N. A. COX
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Enrichment Broth ◽  
Secondary Enrichment ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
University Of Vermont

These studies examined the differences in recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from pure culture and in the populations of mixed aerobic microflora from chicken and Brie cheese incubated in University of Vermont (UVM) and Listeria enrichment broth (LEB) enrichment broths for different times and conditions. No significant differences were observed in levels of L. monocytogenes from pure cultures in UVM or LEB on any sampling day. No differences were observed in the levels of mixed microflora from Brie cheese in either UVM or LEB, but from chicken rinse the level of mixed flora competitors was significantly higher on all sampling days in LEB as compared to UVM. No differences were observed between a single enrichment in UVM or LEB for 2 d and a transfer to a secondary enrichment tube after 1 d. Overall, the level of mixed microflora capable of growing in enrichment broths was greater from chicken rinse than from Brie cheese. The ratio of L. monocytogenes to mixed microflora which survived the selective enrichments was most favorable for recovery of L. monocytogenes after 2 d of enrichment.

Comparison of selective media for the enumeration and identification of fecal streptococci from natural sources

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Pagel ◽  
G. M. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
High Background ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Fecal Streptococci ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Esculin Hydrolysis ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Lower Recovery

Five media and procedures were compared for their recovery of fecal streptococci on membrane filters. Growth and numbers of a variety of pure cultures were compared, and recoveries from raw sewage and sewage effluent were determined on the five media. A total of 512 isolates were identified and the specificity of each medium was determined from these results. While KF agar recovered significantly higher numbers of organisms, only 81% of the positive colonies were fecal streptococci. Slanetz and Bartley (SB) medium showed similarly low specificity and the mE procedure gave low recoveries. Best overall results were obtained on mEnterococcus (mEnt) agar with high (91%) specificity for enterococci, and very good recovery efficiency with low background counts. This medium was also the only one demonstrating any appreciable recovery of other fecal streptococci with 93% of the background colonies being confirmed as fecal streptococci of which most were Streptococcus bovis, S. equinus, or S. salivarius. Pfizer selective enterococcus (PSE) agar was second in overall performance with a high (94%) rate of specificity but this medium had lower recovery efficiency and high background counts. Performance of PSE agar could be considerably improved, without impairing specificity, by using a total count disregarding esculin hydrolysis.

Taxonomic Studies on Australian Isolates of Stemphylium spp. And Associated Teleomorphs

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAG Irwin ◽  
R Dill-Macky ◽  
M Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Ascospore Morphology

Taxonomic studies on monosporic pure cultures of Australian isolates of Stemphylium revealed the presence of three species, namely S. botryosum, S. globuliferum and S. vesicarium. A group intermedi- ate between S. botryosum and S. vesicarium but more closely resembling S. vesicarium was recognised. The circumscription of S. vesicarium was broadened to accommodate this taxon which was found on Medicago sativa, M. rugosa and Simmondsia chinensis. Studies on herbarium specimens deposited as S. botryosum on M. sativa from a number of overseas locations indicated that in all cases the pathogen fitted our concept of S. vesicarium. Teleomorphs were induced in pure culture for each of the above-mentioned anamorphs, and in all instances the teleomorph was identified as Pleospora herbarum. The ascospore morphology was similar for all isolates, and the shape of the ends of the spore and the number of longitudinal septa were variable characters even within an isolate. However, the teleomorphs could be separated into two distinct groups on the basis of ascal length.

The ecology and genetics of fitness in Chlamydomonas . II. The properties of mixtures of strains

1990 ◽  
Vol 240 (1298) ◽  
pp. 323-350 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Unicellular Green Alga ◽  
Excess Production ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Predictor Of Success ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Whether or not mixtures of strains possess special properties depends on whether or not their component genotypes interact with one another. This paper describes a series of experiments designed to investigate genotype-by-genotype interaction among species of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas when grown axenically as liquid cultures in chemically defined media. It was shown that strains varied substantially in their average effect on the overall production of mixed cultures, and that specific interactions between pairs of genotypes were also significant, though small. This conclusion was confirmed by experiments in which strains were cultured separately in growth medium that had been con­ditioned by the prior culture of another strain. However, there was no consistent general tendency for mixtures to be more productive than the average of their components in pure culture; some mixtures in some physical environments were markedly more productive than their com­ponent means, but other mixtures in other environments were markedly less productive. The average effect of a strain on the production of mixtures was uncorrelated with its performance in pure culture, showing that fitness measured in pure culture may be a poor predictor of success in mixed populations. However, the average effect of a strain in simple mixtures was correlated with its effect in more complex mixtures. Com­plex mixtures themselves displayed properties similar to, but more extreme than, those of simple mixtures; thus, in an environment where pairwise mixtures tended to outyield pure cultures, excess production tended to increase with mixture complexity. The results of these experiments seem to be consistent with those of comparable agronomic trials.

STUDIES IN THE GENUS CALICIOPSIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Funk
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Carbon Compounds ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Dark Staining ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
A New Species

Three species of the genus Caliciopsis, all of which produce cankers on conifers, were investigated with respect to development, morphology, general biology, and pathogenicity. Caliciopsis orientalis is described as a new species. Developmental studies have shown that the ascocarps originate from the surface of an erumpent stroma. The female sexual structures are formed from dark-staining hyphae which arise in the core of the young ascocarp. Certain of these hyphae send out trichogynes which penetrate to the outside of the ascocarp. The hyphae enlarge greatly and produce clusters of ascogonia by a budding process or through meristogenous division of the hyphal cells. The ascogonia may further divide by septum formation and thus become multicellular. Septate, branching ascogenous hyphae grow out from the ascogonia and give rise to tufts of asci from the terminal cells. The stalks of the asci elongate enormously as they are carried up into the hymenium. Homologous development and structure were shown in several members of the Caliceaceae. Differences in the final appearance of the hymenium were attributed to the absence of extensive ascogenous hyphae in the Caliceaceae, but the fundamental similarities were interpreted as evidence of a phylogenetic relationship with Caliciopsis. Comparison of the asci, hymenium, and general habit of two genera of the Coryneliaceae with Caliciopsis confirmed the opinion of previous workers that the two groups are related. Observations on fruiting cycles revealed developmental correlations which indicated the possibility of functional spermatia, but experimental spermatization failed to prove this. Data on spore dissemination, germination, and penetration were also gathered. Canker anatomy and host–parasite relationships were elucidated. Pure cultures were obtained from both spermatia and ascospores. The latter were used to determine nutritional requirements of the fungus by measuring growth response to 14 carbon compounds, 5 nitrogen sources, and 7 vitamins. The effects of pH, temperature, and aeration on vegetative growth in pure culture were also studied. Extensive field observations revealed that one species (C. pseudotsugae) is widespread in British Columbia on three native conifers, and that in addition to primary pathogenicity it offers opportunities for associative effects to other forest pathogens which may result in serious damage. Behavior in pure culture confirmed the evidence of association between the pathogens involved. Pathogenicity was proved by extensive field inoculations.

scholarly journals Comparison of Six Commercially Available Transport Media for Maintenance of Serpulina (Treponema) Hyodysenteriae

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Duhamel ◽  
R. J. Bernard ◽  
M. R. Mathiesen ◽  
K. M. Eskridge
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Fecal Flora ◽  
Transport Medium ◽  
Selective Transport ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Treponema Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Anaerobic Media

Two anaerobic (A1 and A2), 1 selective (S1), and 3 conventional (C1, C2, and C3) transport media formulations were compared for their capacity to maintain the viability of Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae. Initial experiments compared the recovery of S. hyodysenteriae from pure cultures held in each transport medium for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days at −40 C, 4 C, 25 C, and 36 C. Subsequent experiments compared each transport medium for maintenance of S. hyodysenteriae in fecal specimens obtained from experimentally infected pigs after holding for up to 7 days at 25 C. In each experiment, the viability of S. hyodysenteriae in each transport medium incubated at each temperature and for each period was determined by inoculating the transport medium onto either trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood or selective BJ agar and incubating at 42 C anaerobically. Viability and fecal flora contamination were evaluated blindly after 2-, 4-, and 6-day incubation periods. At −40 C, recovery of viable S. hyodysenteriae from pure culture did not differ among the transport media from 0.5 to 7 days, and all of the transport media consistently maintained the viability of the spirochetes for 7 days. At 4 C, the anaerobic and selective transport media maintained the viability of pure cultures of S. hyodysenteriae significantly better than did the conventional transport media group at day 7 ( P = 0.019). At the same temperature, the anaerobic media maintained viability better than did the conventional media at 5 days ( P < 0.042). At 25 C, the anaerobic transport media were significantly better than the conventional transport media at maintaining the viability of pure cultures of the spirochetes at 2, 3, and 5 days ( P < 0.018) and were significantly better than the selective medium at 3 days (P = 0.012). At 36 C, the recovery of viable spirochetes was significantly better with the anaerobic transport media than with both the conventional media for days 2–7 ( P < 0.006) and the selective medium for days 3–7 ( P < 0.049). Fecal specimens held in transport media Al and C1, as a group, had significantly higher viability than those held in the other transport media formulations taken as a group at all incubation times, except 0.5 day ( P < 0.0046). Contamination of selective BJ medium by fecal flora was markedly higher after holding fecal specimens in conventional transport media than in anaerobic and selective transport media. In a dilution trial of a pure culture of spirochetes, transport media Al and A2 maintained the viability of 108 S. hyodysenteriae for 7 days; however, medium Al was 10–100-fold more effective than medium A2 when lower initial concentrations of spirochetes were sampled. In a dilution trial of a fecal specimen, medium Al maintained the viability of 101 spirochetes for 2.5 days compared with 103 with medium C1. Overall, media A1 and C1 were the most satisfactory transport media for recovery of viable S. hyodysenteriae from fecal specimens held at 25 C for up to 7 days.

scholarly journals Enhanced Removal of a Pesticides Mixture by Single Cultures and Consortia of Free and ImmobilizedStreptomycesStrains

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
María S. Fuentes ◽  
Gabriela E. Briceño ◽  
Juliana M. Saez ◽  
Claudia S. Benimeli ◽  
María C. Diez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Pure Cultures

Pesticides are normally used to control specific pests and to increase the productivity in crops; as a result, soils are contaminated with mixtures of pesticides. In this work, the ability ofStreptomycesstrains (either as pure or mixed cultures) to remove pentachlorophenol and chlorpyrifos was studied. The antagonism among the strains and their tolerance to the toxic mixture was evaluated. Results revealed that the strains did not have any antagonistic effects and showed tolerance against the pesticides mixture. In fact, the growth of mixed cultures was significantly higher than in pure cultures. Moreover, a pure culture (Streptomycessp. A5) and a quadruple culture had the highest pentachlorophenol removal percentages (10.6% and 10.1%, resp.), whileStreptomycessp. M7 presented the best chlorpyrifos removal (99.2%). Mixed culture of allStreptomycesspp. when assayed either as free or immobilized cells showed chlorpyrifos removal percentages of 40.17% and 71.05%, respectively, and for pentachlorophenol 5.24% and 14.72%, respectively, suggesting better removal of both pesticides by using immobilized cells. These results reveal that environments contaminated with mixtures of xenobiotics could be successfully cleaned up by using either free or immobilized cultures ofStreptomyces, throughin situorex situremediation techniques.

Isolation of Gallionella ferruginea by use of formalin

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay W. Nunley ◽  
Noel R. Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Pure State ◽  
Serial Transfer ◽  
Ferrous Sulfide ◽  
Gallionella Ferruginea ◽  
Pure Cultures

In seven out of ten separate trials, contaminants in cultures of Gallionella ferruginea were eliminated by incubation of the crude culture for 1–2 days in Wolfe's medium containing 0.5% formalin. Purity was judged microscopically and also by the absence of contaminant growth in a variety of heterotrophic and autotrophic test media. Parallel cultures not treated with formalin exhibited growth of contaminants in most test media. Pure cultures of G. ferruginea have been maintained by serial transfer for at least 14 months and in continuous flow culture for at least 3 months. Preservation has been possible by storage at −80 °C in 15% glycerol. G. ferruginea in impure culture grew as a microaerophilic band closer to the surface of the fluid in the culture bottles than it did in pure culture; in the pure culture state it grew in a dense mat on the surface of the submerged ferrous sulfide agar. This difference probably resulted from the absence of oxygen-utilizing contaminants in the pure state.

scholarly journals Two Routes of Metabolic Cross-Feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Butyrate-Producing Anaerobes from the Human Gut

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3593-3599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Belenguer ◽  
Sylvia H. Duncan ◽  
A. Graham Calder ◽  
Grietje Holtrop ◽  
Petra Louis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrates ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
End Products ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Human Large Intestine ◽  
Eubacterium Hallii

ABSTRACT Dietary carbohydrates have the potential to influence diverse functional groups of bacteria within the human large intestine. Of 12 Bifidobacterium strains of human gut origin from seven species tested, four grew in pure culture on starch and nine on fructo-oligosaccharides. The potential for metabolic cross-feeding between Bifidobacterium adolescentis and lactate-utilizing, butyrate-producing Firmicute bacteria related to Eubacterium hallii and Anaerostipes caccae was investigated in vitro. E. hallii L2-7 and A. caccae L1-92 failed to grow on starch in pure culture, but in coculture with B. adolescentis L2-32 butyrate was formed, indicating cross-feeding of metabolites to the lactate utilizers. Studies with [13C]lactate confirmed carbon flow from lactate, via acetyl coenzyme A, to butyrate both in pure cultures of E. hallii and in cocultures with B. adolescentis. Similar results were obtained in cocultures involving B. adolescentis DSM 20083 with fructo-oligosaccharides as the substrate. Butyrate formation was also stimulated, however, in cocultures of B. adolescentis L2-32 grown on starch or fructo-oligosaccharides with Roseburia sp. strain A2-183, which produces butyrate but does not utilize lactate. This is probably a consequence of the release by B. adolescentis of oligosaccharides that are available to Roseburia sp. strain A2-183. We conclude that two distinct mechanisms of metabolic cross-feeding between B. adolescentis and butyrate-forming bacteria may operate in gut ecosystems, one due to consumption of fermentation end products (lactate and acetate) and the other due to cross-feeding of partial breakdown products from complex substrates.

Isolation and taxonomy of the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), Nostoc and Anabaena in Kerala State, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
T. S. Thilak ◽  
P. V. Madhusoodanan ◽  
N. S. Pradeep ◽  
R. Prakashkumar
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Heterocystous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Photosynthetic Microorganisms ◽  
Kerala State

Blue-green algae (also called cyanobacteria) are ubiquitous, pristine and pioneer photosynthetic microorganisms. Many species of cyanobacteria are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and such species in wet soils are simultaneously augmenting the fertility of the soil, acting as natural bio-fertilizers. Nostoc and Anabaena are the two important genera of heterocystous cyanobacteria capable of contributing nitrogen to soil, especially in paddy fields. The major objectives of the investigation included survey, collection, isolation and pure culture of nitrogen-fixing species of Cyanobacteria in the soils of Kerala state, India. Altogether, pure cultures of 12 species of Nostoc and 5 species of Anabaena are prepared.

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