Toxic and immunological differences among lipopolysaccharides from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans grown autotrophically and heterotrophically

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1335-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Vestal ◽  
D. G. Lundgren ◽  
K. C. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
General Chemical ◽  
Immunogenic Properties

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) extracted from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans grown on ferrous iron, elemental sulfur, or glucose as energy source were studied for general chemical composition, toxicity, and antigenic or immunogenic properties. LPS from iron-grown cells (Fe-LPS) and from glucose-grown cells (Glu-LPS) had similar chemical composition, but that from sulfur-grown cells (S-LPS) differed significantly, especially in content of hexosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, and heptose. All had weak to moderate endotoxic properties, but Fe-LPS was considerably more active than the others in the several assays performed. S-LPS was very weakly immunogenic; the other two stimulated strong antibody responses in rabbits. Immunodiffusion tests in agar gel revealed marked differences among the LPS antigens of cells grown with different energy sources.

scholarly journals Oxidation of Ferrous Iron and Elemental Sulfur by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

1988 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1694-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romilio T. Espejo ◽  
Blanca Escobar ◽  
Eugenia Jedlicki ◽  
Paulina Uribe ◽  
Ricardo Badilla-Ohlbaum
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans

Bioleaching of realgar by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans using ferrous iron and elemental sulfur as the sole and mixed energy sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 3260-3267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Lei Yan ◽  
Feifan Leng ◽  
Wenbing Nan ◽  
Xiaoxuan Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Energy Sources

Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Bacteria on Mineral Surfaces

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
V.K. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Mineral Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study

There are two strains of bacteria viz. Thiobacillus thiooxidansand Thiobacillus ferrooxidanswidely mentioned to play an important role in the leaching process of low-grade ores. Another strain used in this study is a thermophile and is designated Caldariella .These microorganisms are acidophilic chemosynthetic aerobic autotrophs and are capable of oxidizing many metal sulfides and elemental sulfur to sulfates and Fe2+ to Fe3+. The necessity of physical contact or attachment by bacteria to mineral surfaces during oxidation reaction has not been fairly established so far. Temple and Koehler reported that during oxidation of marcasite T. thiooxidanswere found concentrated on mineral surface. Schaeffer, et al. demonstrated that physical contact or attachment is essential for oxidation of sulfur.

Growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on various substrates

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. M. McGoran ◽  
D. W. Duncan ◽  
C. C. Walden
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Insoluble Material ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Ph Range

When Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was grown on ferrous iron and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) in excess of 96% of the bacterial population was associated with the insoluble material. When sulfur was the substrate 77% of the bacteria were so associated. This necessitated consideration of the complete growth system to obtain accurate growth curves. By using total bacterial nitrogen as the measure of growth, it was shown that T. ferrooxidans had a minimum generation time of 6.5 to 10 hours on a ferrous iron substrate, 7 to 8 days on a sulfur substrate, and 14 to 17 hours on a chalcopyrite substrate. The pH range for growth was dependent on the substrate used.

scholarly journals Effects of SO<sub>2</sub> oxidation on ambient aerosol growth in water and ethanol vapours

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Petäjä ◽  
V.-M. Kerminen ◽  
K. Hämeri ◽  
P. Vaattovaara ◽  
J. Joutsensaari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Ethanol Vapours ◽  
Hygroscopic Particles ◽  
Ultrafine Aerosol

Abstract. Hygroscopicity (i.e. water vapour affinity) of atmospheric aerosol particles is one of the key factors in defining their impacts on climate. Condensation of sulphuric acid onto less hygroscopic particles is expected to increase their hygrocopicity and hence their cloud condensation nuclei formation potential. In this study, differences in the hygroscopic and ethanol uptake properties of ultrafine aerosol particles in the Arctic air masses with a different exposure to anthropogenic sulfur pollution were examined. The main discovery was that Aitken mode particles having been exposed to polluted air were more hygroscopic and less soluble to ethanol than after transport in clean air. This aging process was attributed to sulphur dioxide oxidation and subsequent condensation during the transport of these particle to our measurement site. The hygroscopicity of nucleation mode aerosol particles, on the other hand, was approximately the same in all the cases, being indicative of a relatively similar chemical composition despite the differences in air mass transport routes. These particles had also been produced closer to the observation site typically 3–8 h prior to sampling. Apparently, these particles did not have an opportunity to accumulate sulphuric acid on their way to the site, but instead their chemical composition (hygroscopicity and ethanol solubility) resembled that of particles produced in the local or semi-regional ambient conditions.

Characteristics of the Al-Brasses Affected Corrosion Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Liptáková ◽  
Martin Lovíšek ◽  
Branislav Hadzima
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Similar Chemical

The Al-brasses are considered corrosion resistant construction materials often used to pipe systems in energy industry, where they are exposed to flowing liquids environments. In that system the brasses are loaded chemically and mechanically. The aim of our research work is to compare corrosion properties of four Al-brasses produced by different manufactures because in operation conditions they have dissimilar reliability and durability. The examined Al-brasses have similar chemical composition but differ in microstructure, surface state what affects their corrosion and mechanical properties. The effect of the mentioned parameters on corrosion and mechanical susceptibility to degradation are investigated by chosen experimental methods.

The Thermal Volatilization of Petrodisel/Biodiesel from Waste Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2656-2660
Author(s):  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
Yong Bin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Ignition Quality ◽  
Long Chain

Thermogravimetry (TG) has been employed to yield information on the thermal volatilization of the fuels since the volatility influences the ignition quality of the fuels in a compression ignition engine. The chemical composition of -10 petrodiesel (-10PD) and waste oil biodiesel (WME) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The thermal volatilization of biodiesel and its blends was investigated by TG and liquid volatile theory. Volatile index was put forward for describing biodiesel/petrodisel volatility. A good correlation model was proposed for calculate the biodiesel/petrodiesel volatility by biodiesel blending ratio. The study showed that -10PD and WME had similar chemical composition and structure. -10PD was mainly composed of long chain alkanes: C8–C26. WME was mainly composed of long chain fatty acid methyl esters: C14:0–C22:0, C16:1–C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The volatile indexes of WME and -10PD were 1.47E-04 and 3.64E-05, respectively. The biodiesel was considerably more volatile in comparison to the petrodiesel. The WME/-10PD volatility was better with increasing the biodiesel blending ratio.

scholarly journals Whole corn grain addition in sugarcane silage avoids fermentative losses and improves in situ degradation of silage

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-501
Author(s):  
Tiago A. Del Valle ◽  
Gabriela Do Nascimento ◽  
Luana S. Fernandez ◽  
Marisa M. França ◽  
Jesus A.C. Osório ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Microbial Inoculant ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Commercial Inoculant ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Ground Corn ◽  
Corn Grain

Sugarcane silage (SS) is generally susceptible to yeast action, resulting in dry matter losses due to high soluble carbohydrate concentration. We evaluated the effects of adding corn grain and microbial inoculant at ensiling on fermentative profile, losses, chemical composition and degradation of silages. Forty experimental silos (PVC tubing) were assigned at random to a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement with: (1) 5 corn additions at ensiling: CONT - straight sugarcane silage; GC2 - sugarcane with ground corn (processed through a 2 mm sieve) added at ensiling; GC8 - sugarcane with ground corn (processed through an 8 mm sieve) added at ensiling; WC - sugarcane with whole corn grain added at ensiling; and RCS - rehydrated corn ensiled without sugarcane; and (2) 2 microbial inoculant additions at ensiling: 0 and 8 mg of commercial inoculant per kg of feed. Corn grain was added at the rate of 100 g per kg of fresh sugarcane. Adding corn grain to sugarcane at ensiling improved SS fermentation and silage chemical composition. There was no benefit from grinding the grain before adding it to sugarcane. Microbial inoculant had little effect on SS fermentation. Studies comparing corn grain with other energy sources, e.g. molasses or cassava, for addition at ensiling sugarcane seem warranted along with feeding studies with livestock to assess intake and subsequent performance. The overall benefits of adding the energy sources at ensiling versus feeding them directly to animals with untreated sugarcane silage should be determined.

Sulfur-oxidizing enzyme of Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Silver ◽  
D. G. Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Non Heme Iron ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

The sulfur-oxidizing enzyme was purified about 15-fold from sulfur-grown Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 7.8 and requires both elemental sulfur and reduced glutathione (GSH); however, a glutathione–polysulfide complex could also serve as substrate. The Km for GSH was determined to be 2 × 10−3 M. Non-heme iron and labile sulfide were present in the enzyme preparation, and sulfite was found to be the end product of the reaction.

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