Ovine ill-thrift in Nova Scotia. 5. The production and toxicology of chetomin, a metabolite of Chaetomium spp.

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1129-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brewer ◽  
J. M. Duncan ◽  
W. A. Jerram ◽  
C. K. Leach ◽  
S. Safe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Oral Doses

Chetomin is a metabolite of Chaetomium cochliodes and C. globosum. It is produced by C. cochliodes on a denned medium and the yield is increased about 50-fold by the addition of corn steep liquor to the culture medium. Five single spore isolates of C. cochliodes (HLX 440) all produced chetomin and one of them produced appreciable quantities of a metabolite related to chetomin but having a S:N ratio of 1:1. Previous reports of the antibacterial activity of chetomin were confirmed and the antibiotic was shown, in addition, to inhibit the mycelial growth of some fungi. At 0.02 μg/ml, it inhibited protein synthesis in cultures of HeLa cells. Its oral LD50 in rats was 75 mg/kg, and in turkeys, 30 mg/kg. No pathological changes were observed in lambs dosed orally at 30 mg/kg but a single intraperitoneal dose of chetomin at 5 mg/kg resulted in the death of half the animals treated. Sublethal oral doses in all the animal species mentioned resulted in loss of body weight.

A SCREENING MEDIUM AND METHOD TO DETECT SEVERAL MYCOTOXINS IN MOLD CULTURES1

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Bullerman
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Penicillic Acid ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Rice Powder

A single culture medium consisting of rice powder (5%), corn steep liquor (4%), and agar (2%) was tested as a substrate for mycotoxin production using 34 known toxinogenic mold strains. Aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin, penicillic acid, patulin, citrinin, and zearalenone were each detectable in 4 days of incubation at 25 C using this medium. Extraction of melted agar cultures, in screw cap test tubes, with hot chloroform (55 C) followed by cooling to resolidify the agar greatly facilitated and simplified the extraction process and eliminated the need for separatory funnels. Mycotoxins were detected by treating developed thin-layer chromatographic plates with ammonia fumes, p-anisaldehyde, and phenylhydrazine and then viewing the chromatoplates under ultraviolet and white lights.

scholarly journals Production of cupcake-like dessert containing microbial biosurfactant as an emulsifier

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivison A. Silva ◽  
Bruno O. Veras ◽  
Beatriz G. Ribeiro ◽  
Jaciana S. Aguiar ◽  
Jenyffer M. Campos Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Candida Bombicola ◽  
Standard Formulation ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Steep Liquor

This work describes the application of the biosurfactant from Candida bombicola URM 3718 as a meal additive like cupcake. The biosurfactant was produced in a culture medium containing 5% sugar cane molasses, 5% residual soybean oil and 3% corn steep liquor. The surface and interfacial tension of the biosurfactant were 30.790 ± 0.04 mN/m and 0.730 ± 0.05 mN/m, respectively. The yield in isolated biosurfactant was 25 ± 1.02 g/L and the CMC was 0.5 g/L. The emulsions of the isolated biosurfactant with vegetable oils showed satisfactory results. The microphotographs of the emulsions showed that increasing the concentration of biosurfactant decreased the oil droplets, increasing the stability of the emulsions. The biosurfactant was incorporated into the cupcake dessert formulation, replacing 50%, 75% and 100% of the vegetable fat in the standard formulation. Thermal analysis showed that the biosurfactant is stable for cooking cupcakes (180 °C). The biosurfactant proved to be promising for application in foods low in antioxidants and did not show cytotoxic potential in the tested cell lines. Cupcakes with biosurfactant incorporated in their dough did not show significant differences in physical and physical–chemical properties after baking when compared to the standard formulation. In this way, the biosurfactant has potential for application in the food industry as an emulsifier for flour dessert.

scholarly journals Biosurfactant production by Bacillus subtilis using corn steep liquor as culture medium

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo J. Gudiña ◽  
Elisabete C. Fernandes ◽  
Ana I. Rodrigues ◽  
José A. Teixeira ◽  
Lígia R. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Steep Liquor

scholarly journals Recovery of Bacillus sphaericus spores by flocculation/sedimentation and flotation

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lamenha Luna ◽  
Carlos Edison Lopes ◽  
Giulio Massarani
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Flotation Cell ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Cationic Collector ◽  
Steep Liquor

The aim of this work was use flocculation/sedimentation and flotation for recovery of spores of the Bacillus sphaericus. Microorganism was produced batchwise using culture medium based skimmed milk, corn steep liquor and mineral salts. The best results of flocculation were obtained using CaCl2.2H2O, FeCl3.6H2O, Al2(SO4)3 and tannin as flocculating agents, with optimal flocculation concentrations of 1,500, 3,000, 2,000 and 1,700ppm, respectively. Flocculent suspensions were characterized based on floc diameter and density. Settling tests were performed in batch at different concentrations of the cellular suspensions and revealed high recovery of the solids in suspension in all cases. Flotation tests were accomplished using a mechanical agitated flotation cell and the process was favoured by the increase of the system agitation and for the presence of a cationic collector.

Hydrogen production by dark fermentation using a new low-cost culture medium composed of corn steep liquor and cassava processing water: Process optimization and scale-up

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 124370
Author(s):  
Walter José Martinez-Burgos ◽  
Eduardo Bittencourt Sydney ◽  
Dieggo Rodrigues de Paula ◽  
Adriane Bianchi Pedroni Medeiros ◽  
Júlio Cesar de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Dark Fermentation ◽  
Processing Water ◽  
Steep Liquor

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Bok Choy Growth and Quality in Hydroponic Cultures

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Kazuki Kano ◽  
Hiroaki Kitazawa ◽  
Keitaro Suzuki ◽  
Ani Widiastuti ◽  
Hiromitsu Odani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Steep Liquor

Effects of corn steep liquor (organic fertilizer, OF) and conventional chemical fertilizer (CF) on the growth and yield of bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) in summer and autumn hydroponic growing systems were compared. When OF and CF were applied with the same amount of total nitrogen in summer cultivation, there was no significant difference between yields; however, the growth rate in OF was slower than in CF. When OF was applied with twice the amount of nitrogen in CF (OF2), bok choy growth and yield were significantly inhibited in summer cultivation, likely owing to dissolved oxygen deficiency and different rates of nitrification and nitrogen absorbance by the plant root. Although the contents of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in bok choy showed no difference among the three treatments in both cultivation seasons, the carbon/nitrogen ratio tended to be higher in OF and OF2 than in CF. Lower nitric acid and higher ascorbic acid content was found in OF and OF2 than in CF. Overall, our results suggest that a comparable yield is expected by using the same nitrogen amount with a conventional recipe of chemical fertilization in autumn cultivation. However, further improvement of hydroponic management is needed in summer cultivation.

scholarly journals Effects of corn steep liquor on β-poly(l-malic acid) production in Aureobasidium melanogenum

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genan Wang ◽  
Bingyi Shi ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Tingbin Zhao ◽  
Haisong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
Aureobasidium Melanogenum

Abstractβ-poly(l-malic acid) (PMLA) is a water-soluble biopolymer used in medicine, food, and other industries. However, the low level of PMLA biosynthesis in microorganisms limits its further application in the biotechnological industry. In this study, corn steep liquor (CSL), which processes high nutritional value and low-cost characteristics, was selected as a growth factor to increase the PMLA production in strain, Aureobasidium melanogenum, and its metabolomics change under the CSL addition was investigated. The results indicated that, with 3 g/L CSL, PMLA production, cell growth, and yield (Yp/x) were increased by 32.76%, 41.82%, and 47.43%, respectively. The intracellular metabolites of A. melanogenum, such as amino acids, organic acids, and key intermediates in the TCA cycle, increased after the addition of CSL, and the enrichment analysis showed that tyrosine may play a major role in the PMLA biosynthesis. The results presented in this study demonstrated that the addition of CSL would be an efficient approach to improve PMLA production.

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