Aphid inoculation of plants with viruses, viral ribonucleic acid, and hybrid virus

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Lojek ◽  
G. B. Orlob
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Brome Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Healthy Leaf ◽  
Aphid Inoculation

While probing or feeding on leaves, Myzus persicae produced wounds that resulted in lesions when virus was applied later. Lesions were also produced on leaves covered with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid (TMV-RNA), brome mosaic virus (BMV), or hybrid BMV (BMV-protein/TMV-RNA) when these leaves were subsequently exposed to aphids. With TMV the number of lesions increased with increasing virus concentration. Keeping plants in the dark reduced the number of lesions produced by aphids, but increased those produced by mechanical inoculation. Nicotiana glutinosa was more susceptible to inoculation of TMV by aphids than was N. tabacum var. Xanthi nc. It is concluded that infectible sites produced by mechanical means differ from those produced by aphids.Aphids could not transmit TMV-RNA, BMV, BMV-RNA, or hybrid BMV from a virus-covered leaf to a healthy leaf. However, BMV and TMV could be recovered from the mouthparts of aphids which had fed or probed on virus-covered leaves.

Die Bildung der infektiösen Ribonucleinsäure während der Vermehrung des Tabakmosaikvirus

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reto Engler ◽  
Gerhard Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Free Virus ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Phenol Extraction

Young plants of Nicotiana tabacum (Var. Samsun) were infected with tobacco mosaic virus and kept at a constant temperature between 23 and 27°C and at constant illumination. The virus concentration was determined by bioassay on Nicotiana glutinosa. An exponential increase in virus concentration occurred 20-30 hours after infection. This latent period is significantly shorter after infection with virus ribonucleic acid. Probably the nucleic acid has to be liberated from the nucleoprotein before multiplication can start. The formation and multiplication of free virus ribonucleic acid could be demonstrated earlier than the formation of the complete virus. Infectious nucleic acid was measured by direct extraction of the plants with phenol. Nucleic acid included in the virus was determined after degradation of the free ribonucleic acid by incubation at 37°C and subsequent phenol extraction. The amount of free ribonucleic acid reaches a maximum 40 hours after infection and decreases afterwards to the extent as the virus bound ribonucleic acid increases. A general hypothesis for the biosynthesis of tobacco mosaic virus is given.

scholarly journals SOME CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE INTRACELLULAR ARRANGEMENT AND CONCENTRATION OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS PARTICLES IN LOCAL LESIONS

1967 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Weintraub ◽  
H. W. Ragetli ◽  
V. T. John
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Local Lesions

Tobacco mosaic virus particles were found in small packets and in small numbers, with the electron microscope, in necrotic leaf cells of Nicotiana glutinosa when the samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde and postfixed in OsO4, and the sections were stained with heavy metals. The numbers and size of the virus packets were increased greatly when the leaves were detached from the plant after inoculation Assay of concentration showed that detachment resulted in a 30-fold increase of virus. A similar increase in the number of virus particles detected by electron microscopy was produced by keeping inoculated plants at an air temperature of 26°C. A still greater increase in concentration was effected by incubating detached inoculated leaves at 26°C. Moreover the arrangement of virus particles in these cells resembled that of a systemic virus infection. Cells in local lesions of Chenopodium amaranticolor contained large numbers of virus particles both as packets and in the loose arrangement characteristic of systemic infection. Neither the number of particles nor their arrangement was affected in this host by detaching the leaf or by changing the air temperature. It is suggested that there may be two types of localized virus infections, one of which produces virus in low concentration and is amenable to changes in virus concentration and arrangement as a result of environmental manipulation.

The polarity of synthesis of the ribonucleic acid of tobacco mosaic virus

Virology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Lee Wang ◽  
C.A. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid

Photochemical alterations in ribonucleic acid isolated from ultraviolet-irradiated tobacco mosaic virus

Virology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Tao ◽  
Gary D. Small ◽  
Milton P. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid

THE INHIBITING EFFECT OF SOME HETEROCYCLIC AND OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Weintraub ◽  
W. G. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Virus Multiplication ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Virus Content ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Main Effects

A number of heterocyclic and miscellaneous organic compounds have been tested for their effectiveness as virus inhibitors by a half-leaf technique using Nicotiana glutinosa and tobacco mosaic virus. Several of these compounds were found to be effective in varying degrees, the main effects being a reduction in the total number of lesions produced, a delay in symptom expression, and a decrease in virus multiplication as indicated by small lesions, on the treated half-leaves. Although nothing is known about the mechanism of inhibition, it can be concluded that to effect inhibition compounds act through the physiology of the host, rather than directly on the virus. The virus content of treated half-leaves has been estimated by measuring their rate of oxygen consumption. These data indicate that the inhibiting compounds affect the metabolism of the host, as reflected in a change in respiration when compared to control half-leaves, and that the symptomless areas on the treated half-leaves do not contain significant concentrations of virus.

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