Genetic evidence for "Darwinian" selection at the molecular level. III. The effect of the suppressive factor on nuclearly and cytoplasmically inherited chloramphenicol resistance in S. cerevisiae

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Rank ◽  
N. T. Bech-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Darwinian Selection ◽  
Resistance Markers ◽  
Abnormal Mitochondria

Four nuclear and two cytoplasmic chloramphenicol-resistance markers were selected in S. cerevisiae. The effect of the suppressive factor (abnormal mitochondria deoxyribonucleic acid) on the inheritance of these markers was studied. Nuclear markers were shown to be unaffected by the suppressive factor, in contrast to the loss of cytoplasmically inherited chloramphenicol resistance upon the generation of the suppressive factor.

GENETIC EVIDENCE FOR 'DARWINIAN' SELECTION AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL. I. THE EFFECT OF THE SUPPRESSIVE FACTOR ON CYTOPLASMICALLY-INHERITED ERYTHROMYCIN-RESISTANCE IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald H. Rank
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Darwinian Selection ◽  
Level I

A study of the suppressive factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its effects on the transmission of cytoplasmically-inherited erythromycin resistance showed that loss of erythromycin resistance was contingent on suppressitivity, and that strains carrying the suppressive factor continuously segregated progeny cells that lacked resistance. It was suggested that suppressitivity is due to the presence, in suppressive strains, of rapidly-replicating abnormal mitochondrial DNA, and that loss of erythromycin resistance (coded for by normal mitochondrial DNA) is due to the replicative superiority of abnormal mitochondrial DNA.

GENETIC EVIDENCE FOR 'DARWINIAN' SELECTION AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL. II. GENETIC ANALYSIS OF CYTOPLASMICALLY-INHERITED HIGH AND LOW SUPPRESSITIVITY IN SACCHAROMYCES CERVISIAE

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald H. Rank
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Genetic Evidence ◽  
Darwinian Selection ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Saccharomyces Cervisiae

A method was devised for the genetic analysis of cytoplasmically-inherited high and low suppressitivity in S. cervisiae thus enabling a test of the prediction, by the model of 'Darwinian' selection of mitochondrial DNA, that abnormal mitochondrial DNA of a high suppressitivity strain has a replicative advantage over abnormal mitochondrial DNA of a low suppressitivity strain. Support for the model was indicated by the ability of the suppressive factor resident in the high suppressitivity strain to control the phenotypic expression of suppressitivity in zygotes formed by crossing a low and high suppressitivity strain.

Pleiotropy of cytoplasmically and nuclearly inherited resistance to inhibitors of mitochondrial function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Rank
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Antimycin A ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Dna Codes ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Chemical Inhibitors ◽  
Nuclear Mutations ◽  
Resistance Markers

Strains with cytoplasmically and nuclearly inherited antibiotic-resistant markers were tested for cross resistance to diverse inhibitors of mitochondrial function. Five independently isolated nuclear markers were observed to result in resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, oligomycin, antimycin A, carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide; these same strains were sensitive to erythromycin, neomycin, and ethidium bromide. In contrast, 11 strains carrying cytoplasmically inherited resistance markers were not cross resistant to any unrelated chemical inhibitors. It is suggested that the nuclear mutations are expressed as general membrane mutants whereas mitochondrial DNA codes for more specific mitochondrial functions.

The reaction of the psoralens with deoxyribonucleic acid

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Hearst ◽  
Stephen T. Isaacs ◽  
David Kanne ◽  
Henry Rapoport ◽  
Kenneth Straub
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
High Concentrations

Psoralen photochemistry is specific for nucleic acids and is better understood at the molecular level than are all other methods of chemical modification of nucleic acids. These compounds are used both for in vivo structure analysis and for photochemotherapy since they easily penetrate both cells and virus particles. Apparently, natural selection has selected for membrane and virus penetrability during the evolution of these natural products. Most cells are unaffected by relatively high concentrations of psoralens in the absence of ultraviolet light, and the metabolites of the psoralens have thus far not created a problem. Finally, psoralens form both monoadduct and cross-links in nucleic acid helices, the yield of each being easily controlled by the conditions used during the photochemistry.

scholarly journals Assignment of the chloramphenicol resistance gene to mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid and analysis of its expression in cultured human cells.

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 697-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Endonuclease ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Agarose Gels ◽  
Ethidium Bromide Staining ◽  
Cultured Human Cells ◽  
Mtdna Markers ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Cleavage

The mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acids (mtDNA's) from human HeLa and HT1080 cells differed in their restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns for HaeII, HaeIII, and HhaI. HaeII digestion yielded a 9-kilobase fragment in HT1080, which was replaced by 4.5-, 2.4-, and 2.1-kilobase fragments in HeLa. HaeIII and HhaI yielded distinctive 1.35- and 0.68-kilobase HeLa fragments. These restriction endonuclease polymorphisms were used as mtDNA markers in HeLa-HT1080 cybrid and hybrid crosses involving the cytoplasmic chloramphenicol resistance mutation was used. mtDNA's were purified and digested with the restriction endonucleases, the fragments were separated on agarose gels, and the bands were detected by ethidium bromide staining and Southern transfer analysis. Three cybrids and four hybrids (four expressing HeLa and three expressing HT1080 chloramphenicol resistance) contained 2- to 10-fold excesses of the mtDNA of the chloramphenicol-resistant parent. One cybrid, which was permitted to segregate chloramphenicol resistance and was then rechallenged with chloramphenicol, had approximately equal proportions of the two mtDNA's. Only one hybrid was discordant. These results indicated that chloramphenicol resistance is encoded in mtDNA and that expression of chloramphenicol resistance is related to the ratio of chloramphenicol-resistant and -sensitive genomes within cells.

scholarly journals Nuclear and Mitochondrial Data on Trichuris from Macaca fuscata Support Evidence of Host Specificity

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Serena Cavallero ◽  
Margherita Montalbano Di Filippo ◽  
Silvia Rondón ◽  
Claudio De Liberato ◽  
Stefano D’Amelio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Fuscata ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Japanese Macaques ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Mitochondrial Data ◽  
Complex Scenario

Whipworms are parasitic intestinal nematodes infecting mammals, and traditionally humans and other primates that have so far been considered infected by Trichuris trichiura. Recent molecular studies report a more complex scenario suggesting the presence of a species complex with several Trichuris taxa specifically infecting only one primate species as well as taxa able to infect a range of primate species. The systematics of the group is important for taxonomic inference, to estimate the relative zoonotic potential, and for conservation purposes. In fact, captive animals living in zoological gardens are usually infected by persistent monoxenous intestinal parasites. Here, two Japanese macaques living in the Bioparco Zoological Garden of Rome were found infected by Trichuris sp. Nematodes were characterized at the molecular level using nuclear (btub and 18S) and mitochondrial (16S and cytb) markers and then compared to Trichuris collected previously in the same location, and to other Trichuris infecting primates. Evidences from mitochondrial and nuclear markers allowed for the identification of Trichuris sp. specific to Macaca fuscata. Results obtained here also described a uniform taxonomic unit of Trichuris, separated but closely related to Trichuris trichiura, thus, emphasizing its zoonotic potential for workers and visitors.

scholarly journals Class 1 Integron-Borne Gene Cassettes in Multidrug-Resistant Yersinia enterocolitica Strains of Different Phenotypic and Genetic Types

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Soto ◽  
M. J. Lobato ◽  
M. C. Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Resistance Markers

ABSTRACT Seventy nine strains of Yersinia enterocolitica resistant to one or more antimicrobials were analyzed for integrons. Only class 1 sul1 integrons containing aadA1a (28 strains), aadA1a-dfr1-sat1 (2 strains), and dfr1-aadA1a (1 strain) gene cassettes were found. The first two types were found in clinical isolates belonging to serotype O:3, biotypes 2 to 4, and eight combined ribotypes, and the third was found in the reference strain, CECT4054 (O:8). All screened resistance markers were found in strains with and without integrons (except for chloramphenicol resistance, encoded by catA1 gene, which was only present in strains with integrons), but in different resistance profiles (R profiles). A profile (ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfadiazine, and trimethoprim resistance, encoded by the tem1, aadA1a, sul1, and dfr1 genes, respectively) was found in strains, with and without integrons. Integrons and some of the resistance genes are located on plasmids with sizes ranging between 65 and 140 kb. This is the first report of class 1 integrons in Y. enterocolitica.

Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense: molecular characterization of a new genotype from Tsavo, Kenya

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. O. Majiwa ◽  
M. Maina ◽  
J. N. Waitumbi ◽  
S. Mihok ◽  
E. Zweygarth
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYTrypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense comprises morphologically identical but genetically heterogeneous parasites infective to livestock and other mammalian hosts; three different genotypes of this parasite have been described previously. Restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in both kinetoplast DNA minicircle and nuclear DNA sequences, and randomly amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) patterns have been used here to demonstrate the existence of another type of T. (N.) congolense that is genotypically distinct from those that have so far been characterized at the molecular level. A highly repetitive, tandemly arranged DNA sequence and oligonucleotide primers, for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification are described, which can be used for specific identification of the trypanosome and its distinction from others within the Nannomonas subgenus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document