Antifungal effect of an ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungus, Lactarius sp., associated with basswood seedlings

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 798-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Park
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

An ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungus associated with basswood, Lactarius sp., produces a potent antifungal compound. The compound's strength was assessed by determining the percentage spore germination of Penicillium implication in Lactarius sp. culture filtrates. Antifungal properties were evaluated by pairing Lactarius sp. with 23 known pathogenic fungi on Hagem agar plate cultures. Greenhouse tests revealed a strong inhibitory effect of Lactarius sp. against fungi that frequently cause damping-off of pine seedlings.

Integrated control of Fusarium damping-off in red pine seedlings with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillusinvolutus and fungicides

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chakravarty ◽  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
B. E. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Control ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Damping-off caused by Fusariumoxysporum Schlecht. in red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) was significantly reduced when seedlings were treated with either of two fungicides (benomyl or oxine benzoate) concomitantly with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillusinvolutus (Batsch.) Fr. compared with inoculation with P. involutus alone. Both fungicides at concentrations of 10 ppm and above significantly reduced spore germination and germ-tube length of F. oxysporuminvitro. On the other hand, invitro growth of P. involutus mycelium was not affected by the fungicides at concentrations up to 1000 ppm. The growth of P. involutus was, however, significantly reduced by the two fungicides at 5000 and 10 000 ppm. Inoculation of red pine seedlings with P. involutus was effective under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions in reducing the incidence of damping-off induced by F. oxysporum. When benomyl and oxine benzoate were applied in combination with P. involutus, seedling mortality was not observed. Oxine benzoate was phytotoxic and inhibited mycorrhiza formation by P. involutus at the recommended dose. Benomyl, on the other hand, had no inhibitory effect on seedling growth and stimulated ectomycorrhiza formation either by a naturally occurring mycorrhizal fungus or P. involutus in the greenhouse. The concept of incorporating integrated biological and chemical treatment for controlling Fusarium damping-off of red pine seedlings is suggested.

scholarly journals Production of Sophorolipid Biosurfactant by Insect Derived Novel Yeast Metschnikowia churdharensis f.a., sp. nov., and Its Antifungal Activity Against Plant and Human Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alka Kumari ◽  
Sumeeta Kumari ◽  
G. S. Prasad ◽  
Anil Kumar Pinnaka
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Food Spoilage ◽  
Human Pathogens

Biosurfactants are potential biomolecules that have extensive utilization in cosmetics, medicines, bioremediation and processed foods. Yeast produced biosurfactants offer thermal resistance, antioxidant activity, and no risk of pathogenicity, illustrating their promising use in food formulations. The present study is aimed to assess potential of biosurfactant screened from a novel yeast and their inhibition against food spoilage fungi. A novel asexual ascomycetes yeast strain CIG-6AT producing biosurfactant, was isolated from the gut of stingless bee from Churdhar, HP, India. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain CIG-6AT was closely related to Metschnikowia koreensis, showing 94.38% sequence similarity in the D1D2 region for which the name Metschnikowia churdharensis f.a., sp. nov., is proposed. The strain CIG-6AT was able to produce sophorolipid biosurfactant under optimum conditions. Sophorolipid biosurfactant from strain CIG-6AT effectively reduced the surface tension from 72.8 to 35 mN/m. Sophorolipid biosurfactant was characterized using TLC, FTIR, GC-MS and LC-MS techniques and was a mixture of both acidic and lactonic forms. Sophorolipid assessed promising activity against pathogenic fungi viz. Fusarium oxysporum (MTCC 9913), Fusarium solani (MTCC 350), and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (MTCC 2190). The inhibitory effect of biosurfactant CIG-6AT against F. solani was studied and MIC was 49 μgm/ml, further confirmed through confocal laser scanning microscopy. We illustrated the antifungal activity of sophorolipid biosurfactant from Metschnikowia genus for the first time and suggested a novel antifungal compound against food spoilage and human fungal pathogen.

scholarly journals Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Root Rot/Wilt in Minia Governorate, Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Mariam H. Ishak ◽  
Marzouk R. Abdel-Latif ◽  
Harby M. Abd Alla ◽  
Mohamed M. N. Shaat
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum ◽  
Ascorbic Acids

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is a medicine and aromatic plant, have a great economic important due to the great income that it provides and other diversified usages. Damping-off, root rot and wilt symptoms were observed in field thyme grown in Maghagha and Beni Mazar districts, Minia Governorate, Egypt, during November to March, 2016-2017. Survey, sampling and pathogenicity tests were carried out. Fusarium semitectum, F. solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina were the dominant pathogens causing thyme damping off, root rot and wilt. The inhibitory effect of two resistance inducer substances (salicylic and ascorbic acids) three fungicides (Cure M 72% WP, Rizolex Ex-T 50% WP and Rolex 50% WP) on the growth of the most pathogenic fungi in vitro was investigated. Salicylic acid inhibited the growth of F. semitectum and R. solani completely at 200ppm but the growth of M. phaseolina was completely inhibited at 400ppm. The complete inhibition for the growth of all tested pathogens was occurred at 400 ppm Ascorbic acid. F. semitectum and R. solani were more sensitive to Rizolex T, while M. phaseolina was more sensitive to Cure-M, (causing the lowest diameter averages The results of the present investigation showed the possibility to use certain antioxidants as fungicides alternatives to control plant pathogenic fungi. According to the available literature, this is a first study on thyme root rot/wilt in Egypt.

scholarly journals Developing Lactic Acid Bacteria as an Oral Healthy Food

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Wei-Kuang Lai ◽  
Ying-Chen Lu ◽  
Chun-Ren Hsieh ◽  
Chien-Kei Wei ◽  
Yi-Hong Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Oral Tablet ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Lactic acid bacteria have functions in immunoregulation, antagonism, and pathogen inhibition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in countering oral pathogens and develop related products. After a series of assays to 450 LAB strains, 8 heat-inactivated strains showed a strong inhibitory effect on a caries pathogen, Streptococcus mutans, and 308 heat-inactivated LAB strains showed a strong inhibitory effect on a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. The key reasons for inhibiting oral pathogens were bacteriocins produced by LAB and the coaggregation effect of the inactivated cells. We selected Lacticaseibacillus (Lb) paracasei 111 and Lb.paracasei 141, which had the strongest inhibitory effects on the above pathogens, was the main oral health food source. The optimal cultural conditions of Lb. paracasei 111 and Lb. paracasei 141 were studied. An oral tablet with a shelf life of 446 days made of the above strains was developed. A 40 volunteers’ clinical study (CSMUH IRB number: CS05065) was conducted with this tablet in the Periodontological Department of the Stomatology Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chung Shan Medical University (Taiwan). After 8 weeks of testing, 95% and 78.9% of patients showed an effect on reducing periodontal pathogens and improving probing pocket depth, respectively, in the oral tablet group.

scholarly journals Double Gamers—Can Modified Natural Regulators of Higher Plants Act as Antagonists against Phytopathogens? The Case of Jasmonic Acid Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8681
Author(s):  
Nicolò Orsoni ◽  
Francesca Degola ◽  
Luca Nerva ◽  
Franco Bisceglie ◽  
Giorgio Spadola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Horticultural Crops

As key players in biotic stress response of plants, jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives cover a specific and prominent role in pathogens-mediated signaling and hence are promising candidates for a sustainable management of phytopathogenic fungi. Recently, JA directed antimicrobial effects on plant pathogens has been suggested, supporting the theory of oxylipins as double gamers in plant-pathogen interaction. Based on these premises, six derivatives (dihydrojasmone and cis-jasmone, two thiosemicarbazonic derivatives and their corresponding complexes with copper) have been evaluated against 13 fungal species affecting various economically important herbaceous and woody crops, such as cereals, grapes and horticultural crops: Phaeoacremonium minimum, Neofusicoccum parvum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Fusarium poae, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae,F. sporotrichioides, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotinia spp. and Verticillium dahliae. The biological activity of these compounds was assessed in terms of growth inhibition and, for the two mycotoxigenic species A. flavus and F. sporotrichioides, also in terms of toxin containment. As expected, the inhibitory effect of molecules greatly varied amongst both genera and species; cis-jasmone thiosemicarbazone in particular has shown the wider range of effectiveness. However, our results show that thiosemicarbazones derivatives are more effective than the parent ketones in limiting fungal growth and mycotoxins production, supporting possible applications for the control of pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Induction of Soil Suppressiveness Against Rhizoctonia solani by Incorporation of Dried Plant Residues into Soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1372-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kasuya ◽  
Andriantsoa R. Olivier ◽  
Yoko Ota ◽  
Motoaki Tojo ◽  
Hitoshi Honjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Volatile Substance ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Soil Suppressiveness

Suppressive effects of soil amendment with residues of 12 cultivars of Brassica rapa on damping-off of sugar beet were evaluated in soils infested with Rhizoctonia solani. Residues of clover and peanut were tested as noncruciferous controls. The incidence of damping-off was significantly and consistently suppressed in the soils amended with residues of clover, peanut, and B. rapa subsp. rapifera ‘Saori’, but only the volatile substance produced from water-imbibed residue of cv. Saori exhibited a distinct inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of R. solani. Nonetheless, disease suppression in such residue-amended soils was diminished or nullified when antibacterial antibiotics were applied to the soils, suggesting that proliferation of antagonistic bacteria resident to the soils were responsible for disease suppression. When the seed (pericarps) colonized by R. solani in the infested soil without residues were replanted into the soils amended with such residues, damping-off was suppressed in all cases. In contrast, when seed that had been colonized by microorganisms in the soils containing the residues were replanted into the infested soil, damping-off was not suppressed. The evidence indicates that the laimosphere, but not the spermosphere, is the site for the antagonistic microbial interaction, which is the chief principle of soil suppressiveness against Rhizoctonia damping-off.

Antibacterial activity of Urena lobata against uropathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Taofeeq Garuba ◽  
Nency Katrodiya ◽  
Nikita Patel ◽  
Swetal Patel ◽  
Dhanji. P. Rajani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common form of bacterial infections but the treatment becomes cumbersome as the etiological bacteria are developing resistance against antibiotics. This present study evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial   activity of Urena lobata against uropathogens. Six urine samples from UTI patients were collected from Pathological Laboratory, G.B. Vaghani Multispecialty Hospital, Surat. Bacteria were isolated from these samples using Nutrient agar, Mac Conkey agar plate, Blood agar, Mannitol salt agar, Eosin Methylene Blue agar and King’s agar. The bacterial isolates were identified using cultural  characteristics, microscopic features and biochemical characteristics. Leaf extract of Urena lobata was prepared using Soxhlet Extraction Method whereby methanol and distilled water were the extractants used. Herbal extract disc was prepared at  concentrations of 50,75, and100 mg/ml and tested against all the isolates. DMSO and antibiotics (Nitrofurantion, Amikacin, Levofloxacin, Norofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Cephalosporins) were used as negative and positive controls respectively.Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella spp. and Brevibacillus panacihumi were isolated from the urine samples. All concentrations of aqueous and methanolic extracts of U. lobata leaf displayed highest zone of inhibition against B. cereus. No inhibitory effect was observed against the growth of Klebsiella except at the highest concentrations. Further study is encouraged on the in-vivo study of efficacy of U. lobata on etiological agent of UTI.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification, and Antibacterial Mechanisms of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QSB-6 and Its Effect on Plant Roots

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Duan ◽  
Ran Chen ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Weitao Jiang ◽  
Xuesen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Subunit B

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a common problem in major apple planting areas, and biological factors play a leading role in its etiology. Here, we isolated the bacterial strain QSB-6 from the rhizosphere soil of healthy apple trees in a replanted orchard using the serial dilution method. Strain QSB-6 was provisionally identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on its morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, carbon source utilization, and chemical sensitivity. Maximum likelihood analysis based on four gene sequences [16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA), DNA gyrase subunit A (gyrA), DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB), and RNA polymerase subunit B (rpoB)] from QSB-6 and other strains indicated that it had 100% homology with B. amyloliquefaciens, thereby confirming its identification. Flat standoff tests showed that strain QSB-6 had a strong inhibitory effect on Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Phoma sp., Valsa mali, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium brasilianum, and Albifimbria verrucaria, and it had broad-spectrum antibacterial characteristics. Extracellular metabolites from strain QSB-6 showed a strong inhibitory effect on Fusarium hyphal growth and spore germination, causing irregular swelling, atrophy, rupture, and cytoplasmic leakage of fungal hyphae. Analysis of its metabolites showed that 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid and benzeneacetic acid, 3- hydroxy-, methyl ester had good inhibitory effects on Fusarium, and increased the length of primary roots and the number of lateral roots of Arabidopsis thaliana plantlet. Pot experiments demonstrated that a QSB-6 bacterial fertilizer treatment (T2) significantly improved the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. It increased root length, surface area, tips, and forks, respiration rate, protective enzyme activities, and the number of soil bacteria while reducing the number of soil fungi. Fermentation broth from strain QSB-6 effectively prevented root damage from Fusarium. terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays showed that the T2 treatment significantly reduced the abundance of Fusarium in the soil and altered the soil fungal community structure. In summary, B. amyloliquefaciens QSB-6 has a good inhibitory effect on Fusarium in the soil and can significantly promote plant root growth. It has great potential as a biological control agent against ARD.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM ON THE AGENT OF DAMPING-OFF OF PINE SEEDLINGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (1(41)) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Н. В. Ліманська ◽  
Н. Ю. Адарма
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Pine Seedlings
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