Cell cycle and post cycle changes during continuous phased growth of Candida utilis

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 783-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. S. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Quantitative Changes

A modification of the continuous phased culture method is described. This permits examination of changes taking place during the cell cycle (cell cycle changes) to be extended into the following period (postcycle changes).Candida utilis was grown on a glucose medium under conditions of carbon and nitrogen limitation. In nitrogen-limited growth, the size of the amino acid pool changed between the cell cycle and postcycle, but remained relatively constant for both periods in carbon-limited growth. In carbon-limited growth, the carbohydrate composition of the cells was relatively little changed, but considerable changes occurred in nitrogen-limited cells during cell cycle and postcycle periods. Changing patterns in phospholipid contents were also observed during cell cycles and postcycles of both carbon- and nitrogen-limited growths.Qualitative and quantitative changes in various cell components were related to the nutrient limiting to growth and the pattern of its use by the cells. The results illustrate the influence of environmental change upon the cell and are discussed in relation to aspects of primary and secondary metabolism in the cell.

Changing patterns of 32P and 33P utilization in cells of Candida utilis during the cell cycle

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1691-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. S. Dawson ◽  
H. Glättli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Rna And Dna ◽  
Synchronized Cultures ◽  
In Cells

Incorporation of 33P and 32P into different fractions of continuous phased (synchronized) cultures of Candida utilis was studied. Two different growth conditions (on C-limited and N-limited media) were used at a doubling time of 6 h. Incorporation of 33P and 32P into four fractions (lipid, cold-water ex-tractable, RNA and DNA) showed a variable, nonuniform, behavior during the cell cycle. Different patterns of incorporation between cells on the two media were observed.

The oxygen uptake of phased yeast cultures growing at different doubling times on nitrogen- and energy-limited media

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1127-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Müller ◽  
P. S. S. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Yeast Cultures ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Source Limitation ◽  
Doubling Times

The oxygen uptake of Candida utilis growing in phased culture at doubling times of 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours was measured under conditions of nitrogen and energy source limitation. No abrupt doubling of oxygen uptake was observed at any stage of the cell cycle. The pattern of oxygen uptake was closely related to the assimilation of the growth-limiting nutrient. In nitrogen-limited growth, the specific oxygen uptake (Qo2) was found to decrease as the doubling time increased, but, in glucose-limited growth, no change was observed.

scholarly journals Positive Feedback Between PU.1 and the Cell Cycle Controls Myeloid Differentiation

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 341 (6146) ◽  
pp. 670-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yuan Kueh ◽  
Ameya Champhekar ◽  
Stephen L. Nutt ◽  
Michael B. Elowitz ◽  
Ellen V. Rothenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Gene Circuits ◽  
Cell Cycles

Regulatory gene circuits with positive-feedback loops control stem cell differentiation, but several mechanisms can contribute to positive feedback. Here, we dissect feedback mechanisms through which the transcription factor PU.1 controls lymphoid and myeloid differentiation. Quantitative live-cell imaging revealed that developing B cells decrease PU.1 levels by reducing PU.1 transcription, whereas developing macrophages increase PU.1 levels by lengthening their cell cycles, which causes stable PU.1 accumulation. Exogenous PU.1 expression in progenitors increases endogenous PU.1 levels by inducing cell cycle lengthening, implying positive feedback between a regulatory factor and the cell cycle. Mathematical modeling showed that this cell cycle–coupled feedback architecture effectively stabilizes a slow-dividing differentiated state. These results show that cell cycle duration functions as an integral part of a positive autoregulatory circuit to control cell fate.

scholarly journals A Genetic Screen for Suppressors and Enhancers of the Drosophila Cdk1-Cyclin B Identifies Maternal Factors That Regulate Microtubule and Microfilament Stability

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 1179-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Yuan Ji ◽  
Marjan Haghnia ◽  
Cory Trusty ◽  
Lawrence S B Goldstein ◽  
Gerold Schubiger
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Genetic Screen ◽  
Cyclin B ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Nuclear Movement ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Cytoskeletal Dynamics ◽  
Chromosome Bridges

Abstract Coordination between cell-cycle progression and cytoskeletal dynamics is important for faithful transmission of genetic information. In early Drosophila embryos, increasing maternal cyclin B leads to higher Cdk1-CycB activity, shorter microtubules, and slower nuclear movement during cycles 5-7 and delays in nuclear migration to the cortex at cycle 10. Later during cycle 14 interphase of six cycB embryos, we observed patches of mitotic nuclei, chromosome bridges, abnormal nuclear distribution, and small and large nuclei. These phenotypes indicate disrupted coordination between the cell-cycle machinery and cytoskeletal function. Using these sensitized phenotypes, we performed a dosage-sensitive genetic screen to identify maternal proteins involved in this process. We identified 10 suppressors classified into three groups: (1) gene products regulating Cdk1 activities, cdk1 and cyclin A; (2) gene products interacting with both microtubules and microfilaments, Actin-related protein 87C; and (3) gene products interacting with microfilaments, chickadee, diaphanous, Cdc42, quail, spaghetti-squash, zipper, and scrambled. Interestingly, most of the suppressors that rescue the astral microtubule phenotype also reduce Cdk1-CycB activities and are microfilament-related genes. This suggests that the major mechanism of suppression relies on the interactions among Cdk1-CycB, microtubule, and microfilament networks. Our results indicate that the balance among these different components is vital for normal early cell cycles and for embryonic development. Our observations also indicate that microtubules and cortical microfilaments antagonize each other during the preblastoderm stage.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Cell Cycle Genes in Birch

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Yijie Li ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Yuhang Liu ◽  
Haijiao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Cell Cycle Gene ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Cell Cycle Genes ◽  
Genome Wide

Research Highlights: This study identified the cell cycle genes in birch that likely play important roles during the plant’s growth and development. This analysis provides a basis for understanding the regulatory mechanism of various cell cycles in Betula pendula Roth. Background and Objectives: The cell cycle factors not only influence cell cycles progression together, but also regulate accretion, division, and differentiation of cells, and then regulate growth and development of the plant. In this study, we identified the putative cell cycle genes in the B. pendula genome, based on the annotated cell cycle genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. It can be used as a basis for further functional research. Materials and Methods: RNA-seq technology was used to determine the transcription abundance of all cell cycle genes in xylem, roots, leaves, and floral tissues. Results: We identified 59 cell cycle gene models in the genome of B. pendula, with 17 highly expression genes among them. These genes were BpCDKA.1, BpCDKB1.1, BpCDKB2.1, BpCKS1.2, BpCYCB1.1, BpCYCB1.2, BpCYCB2.1, BpCYCD3.1, BpCYCD3.5, BpDEL1, BpDpa2, BpE2Fa, BpE2Fb, BpKRP1, BpKRP2, BpRb1, and BpWEE1. Conclusions: By combining phylogenetic analysis and tissue-specific expression data, we identified 17 core cell cycle genes in the Betulapendula genome.

scholarly journals Long-range memory of growth and cycle progression correlates cell cycles in lineage trees

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika E Kuchen ◽  
Nils Becker ◽  
Nina Claudino ◽  
Thomas Höfer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Lineage Trees

Mammalian cell proliferation is controlled by mitogens. However, how proliferation is coordinated with cell growth is poorly understood. Here we show that statistical properties of cell lineage trees – the cell-cycle length correlations within and across generations – reveal how cell growth controls proliferation. Analyzing extended lineage trees with latent-variable models, we find that two antagonistic heritable variables account for the observed cycle-length correlations. Using molecular perturbations of mTOR and MYC we identify these variables as cell size and regulatory license to divide, which are coupled through a minimum-size checkpoint. The checkpoint is relevant only for fast cell cycles, explaining why growth control of mammalian cell proliferation has remained elusive. Thus, correlated fluctuations of the cell cycle encode its regulation.

scholarly journals Multi-CSF-dependent colony formation by cells of a murine hemopoietic cell line: specificity and action of multi-CSF

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Hemopoietic Cell ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Complete Cell

Abstract Cells of the Multi-CSF (IL-3)-dependent hemopoietic cell line 32D c13 formed colonies of varying size in agar cultures stimulated by Multi- CSF. Colony formation was linear with respect to cultured cell numbers; colony numbers and size increased with increasing concentrations of Multi-CSF, and 32D colonies themselves contained a high frequency of clonogenic cells. Clonogenic 32D cells died in the absence of Multi-CSF (half-life six hours), and most were unable to complete cell cycles in progress at the time of withdrawal of Multi-CSF. The concentration of Multi-CSF directly influenced the length of the cell cycle of dividing 32D cells. Purified GM-CSF, G-CSF, or M-CSF had no capacity to support the survival or proliferation of 32D cells. Colonies formed by 32D cells appear to offer a useful model for analyzing the action of Multi- CSF in controlling self-renewal by clonogenic hemopoietic cells.

scholarly journals Novel localization and possible functions of cyclin E in early sea urchin development

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Schnackenberg ◽  
William F. Marzluff
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Cyclin E ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
Paternal Genome ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Cdk2 Activity

In somatic cells, cyclin E-cdk2 activity oscillates during the cell cycle and is required for the regulation of the G1/S transition. Cyclin E and its associated kinase activity remain constant throughout early sea urchin embryogenesis, consistent with reports from studies using several other embryonic systems. Here we have expanded these studies and show that cyclin E rapidly and selectively enters the sperm head after fertilization and remains concentrated in the male pronucleus until pronuclear fusion, at which time it disperses throughout the zygotic nucleus. We also show that cyclin E is not concentrated at the centrosomes but is associated with condensed chromosomes throughout mitosis for at least the first four cell cycles. Isolated mitotic spindles are enriched for cyclin E and cdk2, which are localized to the chromosomes. The chromosomal cyclin E is associated with active kinase during mitosis. We propose that cyclin E may play a role in the remodeling of the sperm head and re-licensing of the paternal genome after fertilization. Furthermore, cyclin E does not need to be degraded or dissociated from the chromosomes during mitosis; instead, it may be required on chromosomes during mitosis to immediately initiate the next round of DNA replication.

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