Stimulation of Waitea circinata by root exudates of Pinus cembroides

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1319-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Agnihotri ◽  
O. Vaartaja
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Waitea Circinata ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Control Water

Effects of root exudates from Pinus cembroides to Waitea circinata were studied by using paper chromatography. Each of 14 seedlings liberated an average of 175 μg of ninhydrin-positive substance and 133 μg of sugars in 35 days. From these, 14 amino acids, 4 sugars, and 3 organic acids were identified. The root exudate induced greatly increased mycelial growth over a wide temperature range, but sclerotia were produced only after 20 days between 15 and 20 °C. Each amino acid and carbohydrate, except threonine, valine, glycine, glutamic acid, lysine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and citric acid, stimulated vegetative growth. Neither basidia nor sclerotia developed on any nutrient medium. The sclerotia did not require exogenous nutrition for germination and initial growth. Germination percentage remained between 95 and 100 with each exudate component. All carbohydrate components, either singly or in combination, stimulated extension growth from sclerotia. Of 14 amino acids, only aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and leucine supported faster extension growth than the control (water agar). Temperature and pH influenced germination and growth, the optima being at 25 to 30 °C and pH 5 to 6.

Nutrient leakage from dried and rewetted conidia of Alternaria brassicae and its effect on the mycoparasite Nectria inventa

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1341-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsuneda ◽  
W. P. Skoropad
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Alternaria Brassicae ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Germination And Growth

Conidia of Alternaria brassicae leaked various amino acids and sugars when they were exposed to an alternate dry–wet condition; the longer the drying period, the larger the amount of leakage. Among the amino acids, glutamine was exuded in the largest amount, followed by aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The sugar fraction consisted mainly of glucose and fructose. These leaked nutrients stimulated germination and growth of the mycoparasite of A. brassicae, Nectria inventa. As a result, the germination rate of Alternaria conidia was drastically reduced to less than 5% and they were eventually destroyed by N. inventa. In the absence of N. inventa, however, conidia of A. brassicae germinated at the rate of 93.7% after being dried for 12 h at 32% RH.

scholarly journals Allelopathic activities of selected Mucuna pruriens on the germination and initial growth of lettuce

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Appiah ◽  
Christiana Amoatey ◽  
Yoshiharu Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Germination And Growth

<p>The study was conducted to test allelopathic effects of some <em>Mucuna pruriens </em>on the germination and growth of lettuce. The effects of root exudates and leaf leachates of eight mucuna genotypes; <em>Mucuna pruriens </em>var. <em>utilis</em> cv. <em>cinza</em>, <em>Mucuna pruriens </em>var. <em>utilis</em> cv. <em>preta</em>, <em>Mucuna pruriens </em>var. <em>utilis</em> cv. <em>hassjo</em>, <em>Mucuna pruriens </em>var. <em>utilis</em> cv. <em>fvb</em>, <em>Mucuna pruriens </em>82/507, <em>Mucuna pruriens </em>82/508, <em>Mucuna pruriens </em>82/116, and <em>Mucuna pruriens </em>GA/94/002 were tested on the germination, radicle, and hypocotyl elongations of lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em> var. Great Lakes 366). The effects of leaf leachates and root exudates of mucuna were tested using sandwich and plant-box methods respectively with lettuce as the receptor plant. Roots exudates inhibition varied significantly among genotypes (94.3%-98.5%). Root exudates of <em>Mucuna pruriens </em>var. <em>utilis</em> cv. <em>fvb</em> had the maximum inhibition (98.5%). Lettuce radicle inhibition gradually decreased with distance from the mucuna plant in a plant-box and with high correlation (r=0.910-0.952; p&lt;0.05) between lettuce radicle inhibition and distance from mucuna roots. The effect of 50 mg oven-dried mucuna leaves had significant inhibition on lettuce radicle elongation (12.0%-15.8% of untreated control). Leaf leachates had less effect on the hypocotyl elongation of lettuce (50.5%-72.0% of untreated control) at the same application of oven-dried leaves (50 mg/10 ml agar).</p>

scholarly journals Composition of root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus Greef et Deu

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Hromádko ◽  
Valerie Vranová ◽  
Didier Techer ◽  
Philippe Laval-Gilly ◽  
Klement Rejšek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus

Rate of root exudation and identification of selected compounds in root exudates of Miscanthus × Giganteus in the autumnal period of growth was performed. Total organic carbon of root exudates was formed from 7.8 % by carbohydrates and from 1.5 % by proteins. Aspartic acid, arginine, alanine and glutamic acid were exuded with the highest rate of all amino acids. This work brings new basic know­led­ge which can be used for phytoremediations.

Protection of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) seedlings from salinity stress following seed priming with L-methionine and casein hydrolysate

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Keum-Ah Lee ◽  
Youngnam Kim ◽  
Hossein Alizadeh ◽  
David W.M. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

Abstract Seed priming with water (hydropriming or HP) has been shown to be beneficial for seed germination and plant growth. However, there is little information on the effects of seed priming with amino acids and casein hydrolysate (CH) compared with HP, particularly in relation to early post-germinative seedling growth under salinity stress. In this study, Italian ryegrass seeds (Lolium multiflorum L.) were primed with 1 mM of each of the 20 protein amino acids and CH (200 mg l−1) before they were germinated in 0, 60 and 90 mM NaCl in Petri dishes for 4 d in darkness. Germination percentage (GP), radicle length (RL) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the root of 4-d-old Italian ryegrass seedlings were investigated. Generally, when the seeds were germinated in 0, 60 and 90 mM NaCl, there was no significant difference in GP of seeds among various priming treatments, except that a higher GP was observed in seeds of HP treatment compared with the non-primed seeds when incubated in 60 mM NaCl. When incubated in 60 and 90 mM NaCl, seedlings from seeds primed with L-methionine or CH exhibited greater RL (greater protection against salinity stress) and higher root POD activity than those from non-primed and hydro-primed seeds. Under salinity stress, there were higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the root of 4-d-old Italian ryegrass seedlings, a marker of oxidative stress, but seed priming with CH was effective in reducing the salinity-triggered increase in MDA content. These results suggest that priming with L-methionine or CH would be better than HP for the protection of seedling root growth under salinity stress and might be associated with enhanced antioxidative defence against salinity-induced oxidative stress.

ChemInform Abstract: Enantiocontrolled Synthesis of Two Amino Acids. (S)-Glutamic Acid and ( S)-2-Aminoadipic Acid.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (40) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
S. TAKANO ◽  
T. KAMIKUBO ◽  
M. MORIYA ◽  
K. OGASAWARA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid

EFFECTS OF HYPOGLYCIN A ON THE METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS BY LIVER SLICES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Patrick ◽  
L. C. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Liver Slices

The effects of hypoglycin A on the metabolism of L-leucine-C14, L-alanine-C14, and L-glutamic-acid-C14 by rat liver slices have been investigated. Hypoglycin exerted markedly inhibitory effects on the conversion of leucine-C14 to fatty acid, cholesterol, and CO2. Conversion of alanine-C14 and glutamic acid-C14 to fatty acids was also inhibited by hypoglycin. No effects of hypoglycin on the conversion of C14-amino acids into protein or glycogen were demonstrated.

scholarly journals Utilization in vivo of glucose and volatile fatty acids by sheep brain for the synthesis of acidic amino acids

1966 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M O'Neal ◽  
R E Koeppe ◽  
E I Williams
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Sheep Brain ◽  
The Brain

1. Free glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid from glutamine and, in some instances, the glutamic acid from glutathione and the aspartic acid from N-acetyl-aspartic acid were isolated from the brains of sheep and assayed for radioactivity after intravenous injection of [2-(14)C]glucose, [1-(14)C]acetate, [1-(14)C]butyrate or [2-(14)C]propionate. These brain components were also isolated and analysed from rats that had been given [2-(14)C]propionate. The results indicate that, as in rat brain, glucose is by far the best precursor of the free amino acids of sheep brain. 2. Degradation of the glutamate of brain yielded labelling patterns consistent with the proposal that the major route of pyruvate metabolism in brain is via acetyl-CoA, and that the short-chain fatty acids enter the brain without prior metabolism by other tissue and are metabolized in brain via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 3. When labelled glucose was used as a precursor, glutamate always had a higher specific activity than glutamine; when labelled fatty acids were used, the reverse was true. These findings add support and complexity to the concept of the metabolic; compartmentation' of the free amino acids of brain. 4. The results from experiments with labelled propionate strongly suggest that brain metabolizes propionate via succinate and that this metabolic route may be a limited but important source of dicarboxylic acids in the brain.

The uptake of amino acids by mouse cells (strain LS) during growth in batch culture and chemostat culture: the influence of cell growth rate

1967 ◽  
Vol 168 (1013) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Yields ◽  
Acid Uptake

The uptake of thirteen essential amino acids by mouse LS cells in suspension culture was determined by bacteriological assay methods. Chemostat continuous-flow cultures were used to determine the effect of different cell growth rates on the quantitative amino acid requirements for growth. The growth yields of the cells ( Y = g cell dry weight produced/g amino acid utilized) were calculated for each of the essential amino acids. A mixture of the non-essential amino acids, serine, alanine and glycine increased the cell yield from the essential amino acids. The growth yields from nearly all the essential amino acids in batch culture were increased when glutamic acid was substituted for the glutamine in the medium. The growth yields from the amino acids in batch culture were much less at the beginning than at the end of the culture. The highest efficiencies of conversion of amino acids to cell material were obtained by chemostat culture. When glutamic acid largely replaced the glutamine in the medium the conversion of amino acid nitrogen to cell nitrogen was 100 % efficient (that is, the theoretical yield was obtained) at the optimum growth rate (cell doubling time, 43 h). The maximum population density a given amino acid mixture will support can be calculated from the data. It is concluded that in several routinely used tissue culture media the cell growth is limited by the amino acid supply. In batch culture glutamine was wasted by (1) its spontaneous decomposition to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and ammonia, and (2) its enzymic breakdown to glutamic acid and ammonia, but also glutamine was used less efficiently than glutamic acid. Study of the influence of cell growth rate on amino acid uptake rates per unit mass of cells indicated that a marked change in amino acid metabolism occurred at a specific growth rate of 0.4 day -1 (cell doubling time, 43 h). With decrease in specific growth rate below 0.4 day -1 there was a marked stimulation of amino acid uptake rate per cell and essential amino acids were consumed increasingly for functions other than synthesis of cell material.

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